Likokoana-hloko ke eng?
Meriana e bolaeang likokoanyanake sehlopha sa lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho laola kapa ho senya likokoanyana le ho sireletsa lijalo, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le lihlahisoa tse bolokiloeng.Ho ipapisitsoe le mokhoa oa ts'ebetso le sesenyi se shebiloeng, likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana li ka aroloa ka mefuta e fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea gastric toxicity, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana joalo-joalo.
Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea likokoanyana
Likokoana-hloko tsa Organophosphorus
Likokoana-hloko tsa Organophosphorus ke sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang haholo temong, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le taolo ea likokoanyana tsa malapa.Li sebetsa haholo-holo ka ho thibela tšebetso ea enzyme ea acetylcholinesterase (AChE), e thibelang tsamaiso ea methapo ea likokoanyana, e lebisang lefung la bona.
Melemo:
Bokhoni bo phahameng le bo pharaletseng: e na le phello e kholo mefuteng e mengata ea likokoanyana 'me e na le ts'ebeliso e fapaneng.
Ho sebetsa ka potlako: ho ka bolaea likokoanyana kapele, ka phello e potlakileng.
Theko e tlase: litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso, tse loketseng ts'ebeliso e kholo.
Lihlahisoa tse chesang
Trichlorfon: Sebolayaditsheneketsi sa organophosphate se sebetsang hantle haholo se sebediswang ho laola mefuta e mengata ya disenyi tsa temo.
Malathion: e nang le chefo e tlaase, e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana malapeng le sechabeng, hammoho le taolo ea likokoanyana tsa temo.
Parathion: Chefo e phahameng, haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang ho laola likokoanyana tsa temo, empa e thibetsoe kapa e thibetsoe linaheng le libakeng tse ling.
Malathion 45%EC, 57%EC, 65%EC, 50%WP, 90%TC, 95%TC
Likokoana-hloko tsa Carbamate
Likokoana-hloko tsa Carbamate ke sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho laola mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoanyana tikolohong ea temo le malapeng.Li sebetsa ka ho thibela enzyme ea acetylcholinesterase, e lebisang ho acetylcholine ho li-synapse tsa methapo le li-neuromuscular junctions.Sena se etsa hore mesifa e lule e teneha 'me qetellong e shoele litho le lefu la kokoanyana.
Melemo:
Ho sebetsa hantle haholo: e na le phello e matla ea ho bolaea likokoanyana tse hlafunang molomong.
Ho sebetsa ka potlako: ho sebetsa ka potlako le ho sebetsa ka nako e kgutshwane.
Masala a tlase: ho senyeha ka potlako tikolohong, nako e khuts'oane ea masala.
Lihlahisoa tse chesang
Carbaryl (Sevin): E sebelisoa haholo temong, lirapeng tsa lapeng, le ho laola likokoanyana tse senyang liphoofolo.
Carbaryl 50%WP, 85%WP, 5%GR, 95%TC
Aldicarb: E matla haholo, e sebedisetswa haholo disenyi tsa mobu.
Propoxur: E sebelisoa taolong ea likokonyana tsa temo le tsa litoropong, ho kenyeletsoa le li-collar tsa matsetse le bohloa.
Methomyl: Ho hiroa temong bakeng sa ho laola likokoanyana lijalong.
Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC
Likokoana-hloko tsa Pyrethroid
Likokoana-hloko tsa pyrethroid ke sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale tsa maiketsetso tse entsoeng ka mor'a motsoako oa tlhaho o bolaeang likokoanyana pyrethroid (e nkiloeng ho chrysanthemum).Li-pyrethroids li sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la katleho ea tsona, chefo e batlang e le tlase ho liphoofolo tse anyesang, le botsitso ba tikoloho.Li-pyrethroids li hlasela tsamaiso ea methapo ea likokoanyana ka ho tlama likanale tsa sodium tse nang le voltage-gated.Tlamahano ena e lelefatsa boemo bo bulehileng ba kanale, e leng se lebisang ho tsoa hangata methapong, ho holofala, 'me qetellong ho shoa ha kokoanyana.
Melemo:
Chefo e tlase: e batla e bolokehile bathong le liphoofolong, e loketse ts'ebeliso ea bophelo bo botle malapeng le sechabeng.
Quick-acting: e na le phello e potlakileng ea ho kokobetsa likokoanyana tse ngata tse fapaneng.
E tsitsitseng: e tsitsitseng tikolohong ka nako e telele ea ts'ebetso.
Lihlahisoa tse chesang
Permethrin: E sebelisoa temong, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, le meriana ea bongaka ba liphoofolo. E boetse e fumanoa lihlahisoa tsa ntlo tse kang li-sprays tsa likokoanyana le liaparo tse phekoloang E boetse e fumanoa lihlahisoa tsa ntlo tse kang likokoana-hloko le liaparo tse phekoloang .
Cypermethrin: E sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa temo le meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana ka tlung.
Deltamethrin: E tsebahala ka katleho ea eona khahlano le mefuta e mengata ea likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo temong le libakeng tsa bolulo.
Lambda-cyhalothrin: E sebelisoa mananeong a temo le a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba bakeng sa taolo ea menoang.
Fenvalerate: E sebelisoa ho laola likokoanyana tsa temo.
Neonicotinoid likokoanyana
Neonicotinoid likokoanyana, eo ka tloaelo e bitsoang "neonics," ke sehlopha sa likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana ka lik'hemik'hale tse tšoanang le bokoali.Li sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la katleho ea tsona ea ho laola mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo le thepa ea tsona ea tsamaiso, e ba lumellang ho sireletsa limela kaofela.Li-neonicotinoids li tlama ho li-receptor tsa nicotinic acetylcholine tsamaisong ea methapo e bohareng ea likokoanyana, e bakang khatello e feteletseng ea tsamaiso ea methapo.Sena se lebisa ho shoele litho le lefu.
Melemo:
E sebetsang hantle ebile e pharalletseng: e sebetsa kgahlanong le mefuta e mengata ya disenyi, haholoholo melomo e phunyang.
Nako e telele ea ts'ebetso: Ho sebetsa ka nako e telele, ho fokotsa palo ea likopo.
Chefo e tlase: e bolokehile ho batho le liphoofolo, mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso.
Lihlahisoa tse chesang
Imidacloprid: E 'ngoe ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, e sebelisoang temong, temong ea limela, le bakeng sa taolo ea matsetse ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
Clothianidin: E sebelisoa temong, haholo joalo ka kalafo ea peo ho sireletsa lijalo tse kang poone le linaoa tsa soya.
Thiamethoxam: E sebelisoa maemong a temo bakeng sa lijalo tse fapaneng.
Acetamiprid: E sebelisoa maemong a temo le a bolulo.
Dinotefuran: E sebelisoa temong le lihlahisoa tsa taolo ea likokoanyana bakeng sa tšebeliso ea malapa.
Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea chefo ea likokoanyana
Likokoana-hloko li hlahisa liphello ho tse senyang lijalo ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, haholo-holo tse kenyeletsang:
Neurotoxicity:e sitisa tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea likokoanyana, e bakang ho shoa litho kapa lefu.
Melemo:
E sebetsang hantle le e potlakileng: e ka nka khato ka potlako tsamaisong ea methapo ea likokoanyana le ho li bolaea kapele.
Broad-spectrum: e sebetsa khahlano le mefuta e mengata ea likokoanyana, mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso.
Ho bonolo ho sebelisa: boholo ba likokoanyana tsena li ka sebelisoa ka ho fafatsa, ho fumigation le mekhoa e meng.
Thibelo ea ho hema:e senya tsamaiso ea enzyme ea phefumoloho ea likokoanyana, e lebisang ho felloa ke matla le lefu.
Melemo:
Sebolaea-likokoanyana se sebetsang hantle haholo: ka ho thibela tsamaiso ea enzyme ea phefumoloho ea likokoanyana, e lebisang lefung ka ho felloa ke matla.
Thibelo e tlase: likokoanyana ha li na monyetla oa ho ba le khanyetso mochining ona.
Mefuta e mengata ea liketso: e ka sebelisoa ho mefuta e mengata ea likokoanyana le mekhahlelo ea tsona e fapaneng ea tsoelo-pele.
Ho thibela tšilo ea lijo:e ama tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo ea likokoanyana, ho li thibela ho fumana limatlafatsi.
Melemo:
Khetho e ntle: haholo-holo e sebetsa ka ho hlafuna likokoanyana tse senyang molomo, e fokotsa tšusumetso ea lintho tse ling.
Thibelo e fokolang: likokoanyana ha li na monyetla oa ho ba le khanyetso ho mokhoa ona oa ketso.
Ho baballa tikoloho: hangata e silafatsa tikoloho e nyane.
Ho senyeha ha Epidermal:e senya sebopeho sa epidermal ea likokoanyana, e lebisang ho lahleheloa ke maro a 'mele le lefu ka ho felloa ke metsi.
Melemo:
Likokoana-hloko tse sebetsang hantle haholo: ka ho senya li-epidermis tsa likokoanyana, ho lebisa ho lahleheloa ke maro a 'mele le lefu ka ho felloa ke metsi.
Thibelo e tlase: likokoanyana ha li na monyetla o fokolang oa ho hanyetsa tšenyo ena ea 'mele.
Tšireletseho tikolohong: tšusumetso e tlase tikolohong le linthong tse sa lebelloang, tse bolokehileng tikolohong.
Tšebeliso ea Likokoana-hloko
Kopo ho Temo
Likokoana-hloko ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea ho laola likokoanyana tlhahisong ea temo.Ha li sebelisoa, likokonyana tse loketseng li lokela ho khethoa ho latela mefuta ea likokoanyana tse hlasetsoeng, mokhoa oa ho hlaha ha tsona le maemo a tikoloho, 'me li sebelisoe ho latela litekanyetso le mokhoa o khothaletsoang ho fihlela phello e ntle.
Kopo ho Bophelo bo Botle ba Lelapa le Sechaba
Lefapheng la bophelo bo botle ba malapa le ba sechaba, hangata likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana li sebelisoa ho bolaea menoang, maphele joalo-joalo.Mehato ea tšireletso e lokela ho nkoa ha e sebelisoa ho qoba likotsi tse sa hlokahaleng ho batho, liphoofolo le tikoloho.Ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa chefo e fokolang, e bolaeang likokoanyana ka potlako, 'me u latele ka tieo litaelo tsa tšebeliso.
LBH
1. Mokhoa oa tšebetso oa chefo ea likokoanyana ke ofe?
Karabo: Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso oa likokoana-hloko o bua ka hore na likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana li ama mekhoa ea 'mele le ea biochemical ea likokoanyana, e lebisang lefung la tsona.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso e kenyelletsa neurotoxicity, chefo ea mesifa, thibelo ea ho hema le taolo ea kholo.
2.Mokhoa oa limolek'hule oa ts'ebetso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ke ofe?
Karabo: Mokhoa oa limolek'hule oa ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko o kenyelletsa ho sebelisana ha limolek'hule tsa likokoanyana tse nang le liprotheine tse lebisitsoeng kapa li-enzyme 'meleng oa likokoanyana, kahoo li kena-kenana le mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea 'mele ea kokoanyana le ho lebisa lefung la kokoanyana.Mekhoa e khethehileng e kenyelletsa ho thibela ho tsamaisoa ha methapo, ho thibela mosebetsi oa enzyme le ho kena-kenana le ho leka-lekana ha li-hormone.
3. Bohlokoa ba ho arola likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana ho latela mokhoa oa tšebetso ke bofe?
Karabo: Ho hlophisoa ho latela mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ho thusa ho khetha likokoana-hloko tse loketseng bakeng sa taolo e kopanetsoeng ea likokoanyana le ho qoba tšebeliso e pheta-phetoang ea sehlopha se le seng sa likokoanyana, kahoo ho fokotsa kotsi ea tsoelo-pele ea ho hanyetsa.
Nako ea poso: May-31-2024
