He aha nā pesticides?
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻauhe papa o nā mea kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomalu a luku ʻana i nā mea ʻino a pale i nā mea kanu, ke olakino lehulehu a me nā huahana mālama ʻia.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka pest target, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā insecticides i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā insecticides contact, gastric toxicity insecticides, fumigant insecticides a pēlā aku.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā insecticides
Organophosphorus insecticides
ʻO Organophosphorus insecticides kahi papa o nā kemika i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai, ke olakino lehulehu a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pest home.Hana nui lākou ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana o ka enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻokele aʻalolo i nā mea ʻino, e alakaʻi ana i ko lākou make.
Pono:
ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā ākea: he hopena koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano pest he nui a he ākea ka hoʻohana ʻana.
ʻO ka hana wikiwiki: hiki iā ia ke pepehi koke i nā pests, me ka hopena wikiwiki.
Ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa: haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumukūʻai, kūpono no ka noi nui.
Huahana wela
Trichlorfon: He insecticide organophosphate ākea ākea i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻino mahiʻai.
Malathion: me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka home a me ka lehulehu olakino insecticides, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pest mahiʻai.
Parathion: ʻOi aku ka ʻona, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pest mahiʻai, akā ua kaupalena ʻia a pāpā ʻia paha i kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā wahi.
Malathion 45%EC, 57%EC, 65%EC, 50%WP, 90%TC, 95%TC
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau carbamate
ʻO nā insecticides Carbamate kahi papa o nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻano pests i ka mahiʻai a me ka home.Hana lākou ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka enzyme acetylcholinesterase, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi kūkulu ʻana o ka acetylcholine ma nā nerve synapses a me nā neuromuscular junctions.ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka huhū mau o ka ʻiʻo a hiki i ka maʻi lolo a me ka make ʻana o ka inike.
Pono:
ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe: he hopena pepehi ikaika ia i ka nau ʻana i nā ʻōpala waha.
ʻO ka hana wikiwiki: hana wikiwiki a maikaʻi i ka manawa pōkole.
Ke koena haʻahaʻa: ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaiapuni, pōkole ke koena manawa.
Huahana wela
Carbaryl (Sevin): Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mahiʻai, nā kīhāpai home, a no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pests ma nā holoholona.
Carbaryl 50%WP, 85%WP, 5%GR, 95%TC
Aldicarb: He ikaika loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā pest lepo.
ʻO Propoxur: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me ke kūlanakauhale, e komo pū me nā kola puaʻa a me nā maunu ant.
Methomyl: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mahiʻai no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pepeke ma nā mea kanu.
Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC
Pyrethroid insecticides
ʻO ka Pyrethroid insecticides he papa o nā kemika synthetic i hoʻohālike ʻia ma muli o ka pyrethroid pūhui insecticidal kūlohelohe (i loaʻa mai ka chrysanthemum).Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā Pyrethroids ma muli o ko lākou pono, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka ʻawaʻawa i nā mammals, a me ka paʻa o ke kaiapuni.Hoʻopiʻi nā Pyrethroids i ka ʻōnaehana nerve o nā iniseti ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kahawai sodium-gateted.Hoʻolōʻihi kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kūlana hāmama o ke kahawai, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻana o ke aʻalolo, maʻi lolo, a ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka iniseti.
Pono:
ʻO nā mea ʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa: palekana no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home a me ka lehulehu.
ʻO ka hana wikiwiki: loaʻa ka hopena kīkī wikiwiki i nā ʻano mea ʻino.
Paʻa: kūpaʻa i ke kaiapuni me ka lōʻihi o ka pono.
Huahana wela
Permethrin: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mahiʻai, olakino lehulehu, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona. Loaʻa ʻia ia i nā huahana hale e like me nā ʻōpala a me nā lole i mālama ʻia Loaʻa ʻia i loko o nā huahana hale e like me nā insect sprays a me nā lole mālama ʻia.
Cypermethrin: Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi mahiʻai a me nā insecticides hale.
Deltamethrin: Ua ʻike ʻia no kona ʻano kūpono e kūʻē i kahi ākea o nā pest insect i ka mahiʻai a me nā wahi noho.
Lambda-cyhalothrin: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mahiʻai a me nā papahana ola olakino no ka hoʻomalu namu.
Fenvalerate: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i nā pest mahiʻai.
Neonicotinoid insecticides
Neonicotinoid insecticides, i kapa ʻia ʻo "neonics," he papa o nā lāʻau pepeke neuro-active e like me ka nicotine.Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou ma muli o ko lākou pono i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻino a me kā lākou ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, e ʻae iā lākou e pale i nā mea kanu holoʻokoʻa.Hoʻopaʻa nā Neonicotinoids i nā mea hoʻokipa nicotinic acetylcholine i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nūnū waena o nā pepeke, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻōnaehana nerve.Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka lolo a me ka make.
Pono:
ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka laulā ākea: maikaʻi e kūʻē i kahi ākea o nā pests, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waha ʻū.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka maikaʻi: Ka lōʻihi lōʻihi, e hoʻemi ana i ka helu o nā noi.
ʻO nā meaʻawaʻawa haʻahaʻa: palekana no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, kahi ākea o ka noi.
Huahana wela
ʻO ka imidacloprid: ʻO kekahi o nā mea lāʻau insecticides i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai, horticulture, a no ka pale ʻana i ka peʻa ma nā holoholona.
ʻO Clothianidin: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai, ʻoi aku ka mālama ʻana i nā hua e pale ai i nā mea kanu e like me ke kulina a me ka soybeans.
Thiamethoxam: Hana ʻia ma nā wahi mahiʻai no nā mea kanu like ʻole.
Acetamiprid: Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā wahi noho.
Dinotefuran: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai a me nā huahana hoʻomalu pest no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home.
Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC
Mechanism o ka hana o na insecticides
Hoʻopuka nā insecticides i nā hopena i nā mea pest ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi:
Neurotoxicity:hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve o nā pests, e hoʻoulu ai i ka lolo a i ʻole ka make.
Pono:
ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki: hiki ke hana wikiwiki i ka ʻōnaehana nerve o nā pests a pepehi koke iā lākou.
Broad-spectrum: kūpono e kū'ē i kahi ākea o nā pests, ākea o nā noi.
Maʻalahi e hoʻohana: hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau insecticides ma ke kāpī ʻana, fumigation a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopaʻa hanu:hoʻopau i ka ʻōnaehana enzyme hanu o nā pest, e alakaʻi ana i ka asphyxiation a me ka make.
Pono:
ʻO ka lāʻau lāʻau make loa: ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana enzyme hanu o nā pests, e alakaʻi ana i ka make ma ka asphyxiation.
Kū'ē haʻahaʻa: ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā pests i ke kū'ē i kēia mīkini.
Ka laulā o ka hana: hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano mea ʻino a me kā lākou mau pae hoʻomohala like ʻole.
Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana:pili i ka ʻōnaehana digestive o nā pests, pale iā lākou mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai.
Pono:
ʻO ke koho maikaʻi: hana nui i ka nau ʻana i nā waha waha, ʻoi aku ka hopena i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
Kū'ē haʻahaʻa: ʻaʻole hiki i nā pest ke hoʻomohala i ke kūʻē i kēia ʻano hana.
Pili kaiapuni: ʻaʻole i hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni.
Hoʻopilikia i ka epidermal:hoʻopau i ke ʻano epidermal o ka pest, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o nā wai kino a me ka make ma ka dehydration.
Pono:
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa: ma ka luku ʻana i ka epidermis o nā pests, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o ka wai o ke kino a me ka make ma ka dehydration.
Kū'ē haʻahaʻa: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pests i ke kūʻē ʻana i kēia pōʻino kino.
Palekana kaiapuni: haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke kaiapuni a me nā mea ola ʻole, palekana kaiapuni.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Insecticides
Noi ma ka Mahiai
ʻO nā insecticides kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā pests i ka hana mahiʻai.Ke hoʻohana ʻia, pono e koho ʻia nā insecticides kūpono e like me ke ʻano o nā pests i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ko lākou ʻano hanana a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe, a hoʻopili ʻia e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia a me ke ʻano e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻohana i ka ʻohana a me ke olakino lehulehu
Ma ke kahua o ka ʻohana a me ke olakino lehulehu, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā insecticides no ka pepehi ʻana i nā makika, nā mohu a pēlā aku.Pono e mālama i ka palekana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai iā lākou e pale i nā pōʻino pono ʻole i ke kanaka, holoholona a me ke kaiapuni.Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā insecticides haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana wikiwiki, a hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana.
FAQ
1. He aha ke ʻano o ka hana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau?
Pane: ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā insecticides e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hopena insecticides i ke kaʻina physiological a me ka biochemical o nā inike, a hiki i ko lākou make.ʻO nā hana maʻamau e pili ana i ka neurotoxicity, ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo, ka pale ʻana i ka hanu a me ka hoʻoponopono ulu.
2.He aha ke ʻano molekala o ka hana ʻana o nā insecticides?
Pane: ʻO ka molecular mechanism of action of insecticides e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā molekole insecticide me nā protein target a i ʻole nā enzyme i loko o ke kino o ka pepeke, no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei i nā hana physiological maʻamau o ka iniseti a alakaʻi i ka make ʻana o ka iniseti.ʻO nā hana kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke aʻalolo, kaohi ʻana i ka hana enzyme a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaulike hormone.
3. He aha ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā insecticides ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana?
Pane: ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana e kōkua i ke koho ʻana i nā insecticides kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pest a pale i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka papa like o nā iniseti, no laila e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻē.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-31-2024
