Yintoni izibulali-zinambuzane?

Amayeza okubulala izinambuzaneludidi lwemichiza esetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukutshabalalisa izitshabalalisi kunye nokukhusela izityalo, impilo yoluntu kunye neemveliso ezigciniweyo.Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenza kunye neyona nkathazo ekujoliswe kuyo, i-insecticide ingahlelwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-insecticide, i-gastric toxicity insecticides, i-insecticide ye-fumigant njalo njalo.

Iintlobo eziphambili zamayeza okubulala izinambuzane

Izinambuzane ze-Organophosphorus

Izinambuzane ze-Organophosphorus luhlobo lweekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, impilo yoluntu kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane zasemakhaya.Basebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokuthintela umsebenzi we-enzyme i-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), evimba ukuqhutyelwa kwentsholongwane kwizinambuzane, ezikhokelela ekufeni kwabo.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye ne-spectrum ebanzi: kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwiindidi ezininzi zezinambuzane kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa.

Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza: kunokubulala izinambuzane ngokukhawuleza, kunye nesiphumo esikhawulezayo.

Iindleko eziphantsi: imveliso ephantsi kunye neendleko zokusebenzisa, ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo esikhulu.

Iimveliso ezishushu

I-Trichlorfon: Isitshabalalisi se-organophosphate esisebenza kakhulu esisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula iindidi ezininzi zezitshabalalisi kwezolimo.

Malathion: kunye netyhefu ephantsi, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-insecticide yasekhaya kunye nezempilo yoluntu, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane kwezolimo.

IParathion: Ityhefu ephezulu, esetyenziswa ikakhulu kulawulo lwezitshabalalisi kwezolimo, kodwa iye yathintelwa okanye yavalwa kwamanye amazwe nakwimimandla.

IMalathion 45%EC, 57%EC, 65%EC, 50%WP, 90%TC, 95%TC

Izinambuzane zeCarbamate

I-Carbamate insecticides yiklasi yeekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula iintlobo zezinambuzane kwiindawo zezolimo kunye nezasekhaya.Basebenza ngokuthintela i-acetylcholinesterase ye-enzyme, ekhokelela kwi-buildup ye-acetylcholine kwi-nerve synapses kunye ne-neuromuscular junctions.Oku kubangela ukucaphuka rhoqo kwezihlunu kwaye ekugqibeleni ukukhubazeka nokufa kwesinambuzane.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Ukusebenza okuphezulu: kunesiphumo esinamandla sokubulala kwizinambuzane ezitshabalalisa imilomo.

Ukwenza ngokukhawuleza: kusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusebenza ngexesha elifutshane.

Intsalela esezantsi: ukuwohloka ngokukhawuleza kokusingqongileyo, ixesha elifutshane lokushiyeka.

Iimveliso ezishushu

ICarbaryl (Sevin): Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, izitiya zasekhaya, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.

ICarbaryl 50% WP, 85%WP, 5%GR, 95%TC

Aldicarb: Inamandla kakhulu, isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizitshabalalisi zomhlaba.

Ipropoxur: Isetyenziswa kulawulo lwezitshabalalisi kwezolimo kunye nasezidolophini, kuqukwa kwiikhola zentakumba kunye nezithiyelo zeembovane.

Methomyl: Baqeshwe kwezolimo ukulawula izinambuzane kwizityalo.

I-Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC

Izinambuzane zePyrethroid

Izitshabalalisi zePyrethroid ludidi lweekhemikhali zokwenziwa ezilolongelwe emva kwe-pyrethroid edibeneyo ye-insecticidal compound (ephuma kwichrysanthemum).Iipyrethroids zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo, zinetyhefu ephantsi kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo, kunye nokuzinza kwendalo.I-Pyrethroids ihlasela inkqubo ye-nervous yezinambuzane ngokuzibophelela kwi-voltage-gated sodium channels.Oku kubopha kwandisa imeko evulekileyo yomjelo, okukhokelela ekuphumeni kwemithambo-luvo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukukhubazeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa kwesinambuzane.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Ubuthi obuphantsi: ikhuselekile xa ithelekiswa nabantu nezilwanyana, ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya kunye nezempilo yoluntu.

Ukwenza ngokukhawuleza: kunempembelelo yokuwisa ngokukhawuleza kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane.

Izinzile: izinzile kwimo engqongileyo kunye nexesha elide lokusebenza.

Iimveliso ezishushu

I-Permethrin: Isetyenziswa kwezolimo, impilo yoluntu, kunye namayeza ezilwanyana.Ikwafumaneka kwiimveliso zasekhaya ezifana nezitshizi zezinambuzane kunye nempahla ephathwayo Ikwafumaneka kwiimveliso zasekhaya ezifana nezitshizi zezinambuzane kunye nempahla ephathwayo.

I-Cypermethrin: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zezolimo kunye nezinambuzane zasemakhaya.

Deltamethrin: Iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kwezolimo kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

ILambda-cyhalothrin: Isetyenziswa kwezolimo kunye neenkqubo zempilo yoluntu zolawulo lweengcongconi.

I-Fenvalerate: Isetyenziswa kulawulo lwezitshabalalisi kwezolimo.

I-Alpha-Cypermethrin 10% SC

Neonicotinoid izinambuzane

Neonicotinoid izinambuzane, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "neonics," luhlobo lwezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ngokwemichiza efana nenikotini.Ziye zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo ekulawuleni iintlobo zezinambuzane zezinambuzane kunye neempawu zazo zenkqubo, ezivumela ukuba zikhusele izityalo ezipheleleyo.I-Neonicotinoids ibophelela kwi-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors kwinkqubo ye-nervous central yezinambuzane, ezibangela ukugqithiswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous.Oku kukhokelela kukukhubazeka nokufa.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Efficient and wide-spectrum: iyasebenza ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, ingakumbi iindawo zomlomo ezigqobhozayo.

Ubude bexesha elide lokusebenza: Ukusebenza kwexesha elide, ukunciphisa inani lezicelo.

Ubuthi obuphantsi: ikhuselekile kubantu nakwizilwanyana, uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo.

Iimveliso ezishushu

Imidacloprid: Esinye sezona zibulali zinambuzane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, zisetyenziswa kwezolimo, kulimo lwezityalo, kunye nolawulo lweentakumba kwizilwanyana zasekhaya.

Imidacloprid 25% WP

I-Clothianidin: Isetyenziswa kwezolimo, ngakumbi njengonyango lwembewu ukukhusela izityalo ezinjengombona kunye neembotyi zesoya.

Clothianidin 50%WDG

I-Thiamethoxam: Iqeshwe kwiindawo zezolimo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo.

Thiamethoxam 25% SC

I-acetamiprid: Isetyenziswa kuzo zombini iindawo zolimo kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

I-Acetamiprid 20% SP

I-Dinotefuran: Isetyenziswa kwezolimo kunye neemveliso zolawulo lwezinambuzane ezisetyenziswa ekhaya.

I-Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC

Indlela yokusebenza yamayeza okubulala izinambuzane

Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane avelisa iziphumo kwizitshabalalisi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi eziquka:

Neurotoxicity:iphazamisa inkqubo ye-nervous conduction yezinambuzane, ezibangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isebenze ngokukhawuleza: inokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo ye-nervous yezinambuzane kwaye ibulale ngokukhawuleza.

I-Broad-spectrum: iyasebenza ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Kulula ukufaka: uninzi lwezi zinambuzane zinokusetyenziswa ngokutshiza, ukufutha kunye nezinye iindlela.

Isithintelo sokuphefumla:yonakalisa inkqubo ye-enzayimi yokuphefumla yezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, okukhokelela ekuphefumleni nasekufeni.

Izinto eziluncedo:

I-insecticide esebenzayo kakhulu: ngokuthintela inkqubo ye-enzyme yokuphefumula yezinambuzane, ekhokelela ekufeni ngokuphefumla.

Ukumelana okuphantsi: izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo azinakwenzeka ukuba zikhule ukumelana nale ndlela.

Uluhlu olubanzi lwezenzo: lunokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane kunye nezigaba zazo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso.

Ukuthintela ukutya:ichaphazela inkqubo yokwetyisa yezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, zibathintele ekufumaneni izondlo.

Izinto eziluncedo:

Ukukhetha okulungileyo: ubukhulu becala kusebenza kwizinambuzane zomlomo ezihlafunayo, impembelelo encinci kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi: izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo azinakwenzeka ukuba zikhule ukumelana nale ndlela yokusebenza.

Ucoceko kokusingqongileyo: ukungcoliseka okuncinci ngokubanzi kokusingqongileyo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-epidermal:itshabalalisa i-epidermal structure yesitshabalalisi, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nolwelo lomzimba nokufa ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Izinto eziluncedo:

I-insecticide esebenzayo kakhulu: ngokutshabalalisa i-epidermis yezinambuzane, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi omzimba kunye nokufa ngokuphelelwa ngamanzi.

Ukuxhathisa okuphantsi: izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo azifane zikhule ukumelana nalo monakalo womzimba.

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo: impembelelo ephantsi kokusingqongileyo nakwizinto ezingajoliswanga, zikhuselekile ngokwendalo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala izinambuzane

Isicelo kwezoLimo

Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokulawula izinambuzane kwimveliso yezolimo.Xa zisetyenzisiwe, izibulali-zinambuzane ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokweentlobo zezinambuzane ezijoliswe kuzo, indlela ezenzeka ngayo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokwedosi ecetyiswayo kunye nendlela yokufumana umphumo ongcono.

Isicelo kwiNtsapho kunye neMpilo yoLuntu

Kwintsimi yempilo yentsapho kunye noluntu, i-insecticide isetyenziselwa ukubulala iingcongconi, amaphela kunye nokunye.Amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe xa uwasebenzisa ukuphepha iingozi ezingeyomfuneko ebantwini, kwizilwanyana kunye nokusingqongileyo.Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-low-toxicity, i-insecticide esebenza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa.

FAQ

1. Ithini indlela yokusebenza yamayeza okubulala izinambuzane?

Impendulo: Indlela yokusebenza ye-insecticide ibhekisela kwindlela i-insecticide echaphazela ngayo inkqubo ye-physiological and biochemical yezinambuzane, ezikhokelela ekufeni kwazo.Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza ziquka i-neurotoxicity, i-toxicity ye-muscle, inhibition yokuphefumula kunye nokulawula ukukhula.

2.Iyintoni indlela yemolekyuli yokusebenza kwezibulali zinambuzane?

Impendulo: I-molecular mechanism of action of insecticides ibandakanya ukusebenzisana kwee-molecule ze-insecticide kunye neeprotheyini ezijoliswe kuyo okanye i-enzymes kumzimba wezinambuzane, ngaloo ndlela iphazamisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-physiological ye-insect kwaye ikhokelela ekufeni kwesinambuzane.Iindlela ezikhethekileyo ziquka ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-nerve, ukuvimbela umsebenzi we-enzyme kunye nokuphazamisa ibhalansi ye-hormone.

3. Kubaluleke ngantoni ukwahlula amayeza okubulala izinambuzane ngokwendlela yokusebenza?

Impendulo: Uluhlu olusekelwe kwindlela yokusebenza inceda ukukhetha i-insecticide efanelekileyo yokulawula izinambuzane ezidibeneyo kunye nokuphepha ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweklasi efanayo ye-insecticide, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kokuchasana.