Mishonga yezvipembenene chii?
Mishonga yezvipembeneneikirasi yemakemikari anoshandiswa kudzora kana kuparadza zvipembenene nekudzivirira zvirimwa, hutano hweveruzhinji uye zvigadzirwa zvakachengetwa.Zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo echiito uye chinangwa chezvipembenene, zvipembenene zvinogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kubata zvipembenene, gastric toxicity insecticides, fumigant insecticides nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Mhando huru dzezvipembenene
Organophosphorus mishonga yezvipembenene
Organophosphorus mishonga yezvipembenene ikirasi yemakemikari anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima, hutano hweveruzhinji uye kudzora zvipembenene zvemumba.Vanoshanda zvakanyanya nekudzivisa kuita kwe enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), iyo inovhara kufambisa kwetsinga muzvipembenene, zvichiita kuti vafe.
Zvakanakira:
Kushanda kwepamusoro uye kwakatambanuka: ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pamhando dzakawanda dzezvipembenene uye ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa.
Kukurumidza-kuita: inogona kuuraya tupukanana nekukurumidza, nekukasira kuita.
Mutengo wakaderera: wakaderera kugadzirwa uye mutengo wekushandisa, wakakodzera hukuru-mwero application.
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Trichlorfon: Insecticide inoshanda yakafara-spectrum organophosphate inowanzoshandiswa kudzora twupukanana twurimwa.
Malathion: ine muchetura wakaderera, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumishonga yezvipembenene yemumba neyeveruzhinji, pamwe nekudzora zvipembenene zvekurima.
Parathion: Muchetura wepamusoro, unonyanya kushandiswa kudzora zvipembenene zvekurima, asi wakarambidzwa kana kurambidzwa mune dzimwe nyika nematunhu.
Malathion 45% EC, 57% EC, 65% EC, 50% WP, 90% TC, 95% TC
Carbamate mishonga yezvipembenene
Carbamate zvipembenene ikirasi yemakemikari anoshandiswa kudzora twupukanana twupukanana munzvimbo dzekurima nedzemumba.Vanoshanda nekudzivisa iyo enzyme acetylcholinesterase, iyo inotungamira mukuvakwa kweacetylcholine pane nerve synapses uye neuromuscular junctions.Izvi zvinoita kuti mhasuru dzirambe dzichishatirwa uye pakupedzisira kuoma mitezo nekufa kwetumbuyu.
Zvakanakira:
Kunyanya kushanda zvakanaka: ine simba rekuuraya mhedzisiro yekutsenga tupukanana pamuromo.
Kukurumidza-kuita: kukurumidza-kuita uye kunoshanda munguva pfupi.
Yakaderera yakasara: kukurumidza kushatisa nharaunda, pfupi yakasara nguva.
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Carbaryl (Sevin): Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima, magadheni epamba, uye kudzora tumbuyu pamhuka dzinovaraidza.
Carbaryl 50% WP, 85% WP, 5% GR, 95% TC
Aldicarb: Yakanyanya simba, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune zvipembenene zvevhu.
Propoxur: Inoshandiswa mune zvese zvekurima uye zvemudhorobha kutonga kwezvipembenene, kusanganisira muhuro hwenhata uye zviredzo zvemasvosve.
Methomyl: Kushandirwa mune zvekurima kudzora tumbuyu pazvirimwa.
Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC
Pyrethroid zvipembenene
Pyrethroid insecticides ikirasi yemakemikari ekugadzira anofananidzwa neakasikwa insecticidal compound pyrethroid (inotorwa kubva kuchrysanthemum).Pyrethroids inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushanda kwayo, kuderera kwehupfu kumhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye kugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza.Pyrethroids inorwisa hurongwa hwetsinga hwezvipembenene nekusunga kune voltage-gated sodium chiteshi.Kusunga uku kunorebesa kuvhurika kwechiteshi, zvichiita kuti tsinga dzidzokororwe, kuoma mitezo, uye pakupedzisira kufa kwetumbuyu.
Zvakanakira:
Low toxicity: yakachengeteka kune vanhu nemhuka, yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemhuri uye hutano hweveruzhinji.
Kurumidza-kuita: ine kukurumidza kugogodza mhedzisiro pane dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipembenene.
Yakagadzikana: yakagadzikana munharaunda ine nguva yakareba yekushanda.
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Permethrin: Inoshandiswa mune zvekurima, hutano hwevanhu, uye mishonga yemhuka.Inowanikwawo mune zvigadzirwa zvemumba sezvipembenene zvekupfapfaidza uye zvipfeko zvinorapwa Inowanikwawo muzvigadzirwa zvemumba sezvipembenene zvekupfapfaidza uye zvipfeko zvinorapwa.
Cypermethrin: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandisa zvekurima uye mishonga yemumba.
Deltamethrin: Inozivikanwa nekubudirira kwayo kurwisa twumbuyu hwakasiyana siyana mune zvekurima uye pekugara.
Lambda-cyhalothrin: Inoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvekurima uye zvehutano hweveruzhinji zvekudzivirira mosquito.
Fenvalerate: Inoshandiswa mukurima zvipembenene.
Neonicotinoid zvipembenene
Neonicotinoid zvipembenene, inowanzonzi "neonics," ikirasi yemishonga inouraya tupukanana inofanana neine nicotine.Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubudirira kwavo mukudzora zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipembenene uye maitiro avo ehurongwa, izvo zvinovabvumira kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvese.Neonicotinoids inosunga kune nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mukati mepakati tsinga system yezvipembenene, zvichikonzera overstimulation yenheyo system.Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuoma mitezo uye kufa.
Zvakanakira:
Inoshanda uye yakafara-spectrum: inoshanda kurwisa twupukanana hwakasiyana siyana, kunyanya kubaya-kuyamwa miromo.
Nguva yakareba yekushanda: Kushanda kwenguva refu, kuderedza nhamba yezvikumbiro.
Low toxicity: yakachengeteka kuvanhu nemhuka, dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa.
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Imidacloprid: Imwe yemishonga inonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose, inoshandiswa mune zvekurima, horticulture, uye yekudzora nhata pamhuka dzinovaraidza.
Clothianidin: Inoshandiswa mukurima, kunyanya semushonga wembeu kudzivirira zvirimwa zvakaita sechibage nesoya.
Thiamethoxam: Inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekurima kune dzakasiyana siyana zvirimwa.
Acetamiprid: Inoshandiswa mune zvese zvekurima uye zvekugara.
Dinotefuran: Inoshandiswa mukurima uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvipembenene zvekushandisa mumba.
Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC
Mechanism yekuita zvezvipembenene
Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogadzira zvipembenene nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, kunyanya dzinosanganisira:
Neurotoxicity:kunovhiringidza hurongwa hwetsinga dzezvipembenene, zvichikonzera kuoma mitezo kana kufa.
Zvakanakira:
Inoshanda uye inokurumidza-kuita: inogona kuita nekukurumidza pane tsinga yezvipembenene uye kuvauraya nekukurumidza.
Broad-spectrum: inoshanda kurwisa twupukanana hwakawanda, huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa.
Zvirinyore kushandisa: mazhinji ezvipembenene aya anogona kuiswa nekupfapfaidza, fumigation nedzimwe nzira.
Kudzivisa kufema:inoparadza kufema enzyme system yezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti asphyxiation uye kufa.
Zvakanakira:
Mushonga wezvipembenene unoshanda zvakanyanya: nekudzivisa kufema enzyme system yezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti rufu nekushaya mweya.
Kudzikira kuderera: tupukanana kashoma kuti tive nekupikisa nzira iyi.
Yakasiyana-siyana yekuita: inogona kushandiswa pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipembenene uye matanho avo akasiyana ekukura.
Digestive inhibition:inokanganisa hurongwa hwekugayiwa kwezvipembenene, zvichidzidzivirira kubva pakuwana chikafu.
Zvakanakira:
Kusarudza kwakanaka: kunonyanya kuita kutsenga tupukanana pamuromo, kusakanganisa kune zvimwe zvipenyu.
Kudzikira kwakaderera: tupukanana kashoma kuti tive nekupikisa nzira iyi yekuita.
Zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari: kazhinji kushoma kusvibisa nharaunda.
Epidermal kukanganisa:inoparadza epidermal chimiro chezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwemvura yemuviri uye kufa nekushaya mvura.
Zvakanakira:
Iyo inouraya zvipembenene zvakanyanya: nekuparadza epidermis yezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwemvura yemuviri uye kufa nekushaya mvura.
Kudzikira kuderera: tupukanana hazviite kuti zvikure kuramba kukuvara kwemuviri uku.
Yakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza: yakaderera kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa, zvakachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kushandisa Insecticides
Kushandisa muAgriculture
Mishonga yezvipembenene ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekudzora tumbuyu mukugadzirwa kwekurima.Kana yakashandiswa, mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera inofanira kusarudzwa maererano nemhando dzezvipembenene zvinotarirwa, maitiro avo ekuitika uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye kushandiswa maererano nedosi yakakurudzirwa uye nzira yekuwana zvakanakisisa.
Kushandisa muMhuri uye Hutano Hwevanhu
Mumunda wehutano hwemhuri uye hweveruzhinji, mishonga yezvipembenene inowanzoshandiswa kuuraya umhutu, mapete zvichingodaro.Chengetedzo dzekuchengetedza dzinofanirwa kutorwa kana uchidzishandisa kudzivirira njodzi dzisingaite kuvanhu, mhuka uye nharaunda.Inokurudzirwa kushandisa yakaderera-chepfu, inokurumidza-kuita zvipembenene, uye kunyatsotevera mirairo yekushandiswa.
FAQ
1. Ndeipi nzira yekuita kwezvipembenene?
Mhinduro: Iyo nzira yekuita kwezvipembenene inoreva kuti zvipembenene zvinokanganisa sei physiological uye biochemical maitiro ezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti vafe.Maitiro akajairika echiito anosanganisira neurotoxicity, mhasuru toxicity, inhibition yekufema uye kukura mutemo.
2.Chii chinonzi molecular maitiro ekuita kwezvipembenene?
Mhinduro: Iyo molecular maitiro ekuita kwezvipembenene kunosanganisira kusangana kwezvipembenene zvipembenene zvine chinangwa cheprotein kana ma enzymes mumuviri wezvipembenene, nokudaro kupindira neakajairika physiological mabasa ezvipembenene uye zvinotungamira kurufu rwechipembenene.Maitiro chaiwo anosanganisira kuvharira tsinga conduction, inhibiting enzyme basa uye kukanganisa chiyero chehomoni.
3. Ndezvipi zvakakosha zvekuisa mumapoka emishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvichienderana nenzira yekuita?
Mhinduro: Kurongeka kunoenderana nemagadzirirwo echiito kunobatsira kusarudza mishonga yezvipembenene yakakodzera yekubatanidza tupukanana uye kudzivirira kushandiswa kakawanda kwekirasi imwechete yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, nokudaro kuderedza njodzi yekusimudzira kurwisa.
Nguva yekutumira: May-31-2024
