Cov tshuaj tua kab yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj tua kabyog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj siv los tswj lossis rhuav tshem cov kab tsuag thiab tiv thaiv cov qoob loo, kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thiab cov khoom khaws cia.Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab lub hom phiaj cov kab tsuag, cov tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, suav nrog tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab mob plab, tshuaj tua kab fumigant thiab lwm yam.
Hom tshuaj tua kab tseem ceeb
Organophosphorus insecticides
Organophosphorus insecticides yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem thiab tshuaj tua kab hauv tsev.Lawv ua haujlwm feem ntau los ntawm inhibiting cov haujlwm ntawm enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), uas thaiv cov hlab ntsha hauv cov kab tsuag, ua rau lawv tuag.
Qhov zoo:
Kev ua haujlwm siab thiab dav-spectrum: nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau hom kab tsuag thiab muaj ntau yam kev thov.
Fast-acting: Nws tuaj yeem tua cov kab tsuag sai sai, nrog cov nyhuv nrawm.
Tus nqi qis: tus nqi tsim khoom tsawg thiab siv tau, tsim nyog rau daim ntawv thov loj.
Cov khoom kub
Trichlorfon: Cov tshuaj tua kab mob organophosphate tau siv tau zoo heev los tswj ntau yam kab tsuag ua liaj ua teb.
Malathion: nrog tsawg toxicity, nws yog dav siv rau hauv tsev thiab pej xeem noj qab haus huv insecticides, raws li zoo raws li kev ua liaj ua teb tshuaj tua kab.
Parathion: Cov tshuaj toxicity siab dua, feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb cov tshuaj tua kab, tab sis tau txwv lossis txwv hauv qee lub tebchaws thiab cheeb tsam.
Malathion 45% EC, 57% EC, 65% EC, 50% WP, 90% TC, 95% TC
Carbamate insecticides
Carbamate insecticides yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj siv los tswj ntau yam kab tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv tsev.Lawv ua hauj lwm los ntawm inhibiting lub enzyme acetylcholinesterase, uas ua rau ib tug buildup ntawm acetylcholine ntawm paj hlwb synapses thiab neuromuscular junctions.Qhov no ua rau kom cov leeg tsis tu ncua thiab thaum kawg tuag tes tuag taw thiab tuag ntawm kab.
Qhov zoo:
High efficiency: nws muaj zog tua nyhuv ntawm zom cov qhov ncauj kab tsuag.
Quick-acting: ceev-acting thiab siv tau nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv.
Lower residual: sai degradation nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, luv luv residual lub sij hawm.
Cov khoom kub
Carbaryl (zeeg): Siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, vaj hauv tsev, thiab tswj cov kab tsuag ntawm cov tsiaj.
Carbaryl 50% WP, 85% WP, 5% GR, 95% TC
Aldicarb: muaj zog heev, siv tsuas yog rau cov kab tsuag hauv av.
Propoxur: Siv ob qho tib si hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv nroog tswj kab tsuag, suav nrog hauv cov dab tshos thiab cov kab ntsaum.
Methomyl: Ua hauj lwm hauv kev ua liaj ua teb rau kev tswj cov kab ntawm cov qoob loo.
Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC
Pyrethroid insecticides
Pyrethroid insecticides yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj hluavtaws ua qauv tom qab lub ntuj tsim tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid (los ntawm chrysanthemum).Pyrethroids tau siv dav vim tias lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom rau cov tsiaj txhu, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ib puag ncig.Pyrethroids tua lub paj hlwb ntawm cov kab los ntawm kev khi rau cov hluav taws xob-gated sodium channels.Qhov kev khi no txuas ntxiv rau lub xeev qhib ntawm cov channel, ua rau rov qab cov hlab ntsha tawm, tuag tes tuag taw, thiab thaum kawg tuag ntawm kab.
Qhov zoo:
Tsawg toxicity: kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, haum rau kev siv hauv tsev thiab pej xeem noj qab haus huv.
Quick-acting: muaj qhov cuam tshuam sai sai rau ntau yam kab tsuag.
Stable: ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nrog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
Cov khoom kub
Permethrin: Siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev noj qab haus huv pej xeem, thiab tshuaj kho tsiaj.Nws tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab cov khaub ncaws kho Nws kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab kho khaub ncaws.
Cypermethrin: Siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tshuaj tua kab hauv tsev.
Deltamethrin: Paub txog nws cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv ntau yam kab tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab chaw nyob.
Lambda-cyhalothrin: Siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem kev tswj hwm yoov tshaj cum.
Fenvalerate: Siv nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tshuaj tua kab.
Neonicotinoid tshuaj tua kab
Neonicotinoid tshuaj tua kab, feem ntau hu ua "neonics," yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob neuro-active tshuaj zoo ib yam li nicotine.Lawv tau siv dav vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tswj ntau yam kab tsuag thiab lawv cov khoom siv, uas tso cai rau lawv tiv thaiv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.Neonicotinoids khi rau nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nyob rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb ntawm kab, ua rau overstimulation ntawm lub paj hlwb.Qhov no ua rau tuag tes tuag taw.
Qhov zoo:
Ua tau zoo thiab dav-spectrum: zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tho qhov ncauj qhov ncauj.
Ntev ntev ntawm kev ua tau zoo: Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev, txo cov kev siv ntau.
Tsawg toxicity: muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, ntau yam kev siv.
Cov khoom kub
Imidacloprid: Ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, horticulture, thiab rau kev tswj fleas ntawm cov tsiaj.
Clothianidin: Siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, tshwj xeeb yog kev kho cov noob los tiv thaiv cov qoob loo xws li pob kws thiab taum pauv.
Thiamethoxam: Ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua liaj ua teb rau ntau yam qoob loo.
Acetamiprid: Siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ua liaj ua teb thiab chaw nyob.
Dinotefuran: Siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tshuaj tua kab rau hauv tsev siv.
Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC
Mechanism ntawm kev ua ntawm insecticides
Insecticides tsim cov teebmeem ntawm cov kab tsuag los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, feem ntau suav nrog:
Neurotoxicity:cuam tshuam nrog lub paj hlwb conduction ntawm kab tsuag, ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lossis tuag.
Qhov zoo:
Kev ua tau zoo thiab ceev ceev: tuaj yeem ua sai sai ntawm cov paj hlwb ntawm cov kab tsuag thiab tua lawv sai.
Broad-spectrum: zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab tsuag, ntau yam kev siv.
Yooj yim rau kev thov: feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab no tuaj yeem siv los ntawm kev txau, fumigation thiab lwm txoj hauv kev.
Ua pa inhibition:rhuav tshem cov kab mob ua pa enzyme ntawm cov kab tsuag, ua rau asphyxiation thiab tuag.
Qhov zoo:
Cov tshuaj tua kab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: los ntawm inhibiting lub pa enzyme system ntawm kab tsuag, ua rau tuag los ntawm asphyxiation.
Tsawg tsis kam: cov kab tsuag tsis tshua muaj peev xwm txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv no.
Ntau yam kev nqis tes ua: tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom kab tsuag thiab lawv cov theem kev loj hlob sib txawv.
Digestive inhibition:cuam tshuam rau lub plab zom mov ntawm cov kab tsuag, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tau txais cov as-ham.
Qhov zoo:
Kev xaiv zoo: feem ntau ua rau zom cov kab hauv qhov ncauj, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kab mob.
Tsawg tsis kam: cov kab tsuag tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tsim kev tiv thaiv rau qhov kev ua haujlwm no.
Environmentally friendly: feem ntau tsis muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig.
Epidermal cuam tshuam:rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem epidermal ntawm cov kab tsuag, ua rau lub cev poob dej thiab tuag los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
Qhov zoo:
Cov tshuaj tua kab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov epidermis ntawm cov kab tsuag, ua rau lub cev tsis muaj dej thiab tuag los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej.
Tsawg tsis kam: cov kab tsuag tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev.
Kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig: tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab cov kab mob uas tsis yog lub hom phiaj, kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab
Daim ntawv thov hauv Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb
Cov tshuaj tua kab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj cov kab tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb.Thaum siv, cov tshuaj tua kab tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li hom kab kab kab, lawv qhov tshwm sim thiab ib puag ncig, thiab siv raws li kev pom zoo ntau npaum li cas thiab txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Daim ntawv thov hauv Tsev Neeg thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
Hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev neeg thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm pej xeem, cov tshuaj tua kab feem ntau yog siv los tua yoov tshaj cum, kab laum thiab lwm yam.Yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb thaum siv lawv kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg, tsiaj txhu thiab ib puag ncig.Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tshuaj tua kab sai, thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv.
FAQ
1. Dab tsi yog qhov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab?
Teb: Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab yog hais txog yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj tua kab cuam tshuam rau lub cev thiab biochemical txheej txheem ntawm kab, ua rau lawv tuag.Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm muaj xws li neurotoxicity, nqaij toxicity, ua pa inhibition thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev tswj.
2.Dab tsi yog qhov molecular mechanism ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab?
Teb: Cov txheej txheem molecular ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab molecules nrog lub hom phiaj cov proteins lossis cov enzymes hauv lub cev kab, yog li cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kab thiab ua rau cov kab tuag.Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev thaiv cov paj hlwb, inhibiting enzyme kev ua haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj hormones.
3. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cov tshuaj tua kab raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm?
Teb: Kev faib tawm raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm pab xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab tsim nyog rau kev tswj xyuas kab tsuag thiab kom tsis txhob rov siv cov tshuaj tua kab tib yam, yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv.
Post lub sij hawm: May-31-2024
