Magungunan kwarisinadarai ne da ake amfani da su don kashe ko sarrafa kwari masu cutarwa.Ana amfani da su sosai a aikin gona, kiwon lafiya da noma don kare amfanin gona, yanayin gida da lafiyar jama'a.Ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari sosai a harkar noma da lafiya.Ba wai kawai suna ƙara yawan amfanin gona ba har ma suna hana yaduwar cututtuka yadda ya kamata.

 

Menene nau'in maganin kwari?

Ana iya rarraba maganin kwari zuwa nau'ikan daban-daban kamar organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids,neonicotinoids, da organochlorine, kowanne daga cikinsu yana da nasa takamaiman sinadari da yanayin aiki, kuma ana amfani dashi don sarrafa nau'ikan kwari daban-daban da kare amfanin gona da lafiyar ɗan adam.Na gaba, za mu kalli waɗanne rarrabuwa da samfuran da ake samu.

 

Rarraba bisa ga tsarin sinadaran

Organophosphorus Insecticides

Organophosphorus kwari rukuni ne na maganin kwari da ake amfani da su da yawa waɗanda ke hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase a cikin kwari, wanda ke haifar da rushewar tsarin juyayi na kwari da mutuwa.

Dichlorvos (DDVP)

 

Malathion

Carbamate Insecticides

Carbamate kwari yana tsoma baki tare da tafiyar da jijiya a cikin kwari ta hanyar hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase.Wadannan magungunan kashe kwari suna da tasiri sosai kuma suna aiki da sauri.

Metomyl

 

Pyrethroid Insecticides

Pyrethroid kwari sune mahadi na pyrethroid na roba wanda ke yin tasirin maganin kwari ta hanyar tasirin jijiya a cikin kwari.Ana nuna su da ƙarancin guba, babban inganci da abokantaka na muhalli.

Cypermethrin

 

Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Neonicotinoid kwari wani sabon ƙarni ne na maganin kwari wanda ke kashe kwari ta hanyar ɗaure su ga masu karɓar nicotinic acetylcholine, yana haifar da wuce gona da iri na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da mutuwa.

Imidacloprid

Clothianidin

 

Organochlorine Insecticides

Maganin kwari na Organochlorine rukuni ne na maganin kwari na gargajiya waɗanda ke daɗewa kuma suna da yawa, amma amfani da su yana da iyaka saboda tsayin daka da muhallinsu da haɓakar halittu.Kwarin organochlorine na gama gari sun haɗa da DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) da chlordane.

 

Rarraba bisa ga yanayin aiki

Taba maganin kashe kwari
Nau'in maganin kwari yana aiki ta hanyar hulɗar kai tsaye tare da epidermis na kwari.Irin wannan maganin kashe kwari ya haɗa da organophosphorus da yawa da mahadi na pyrethroid.

Ciwon Ciki Mai Guba
Ciki mai guba yana cinyewa ta hanyar kwari kuma yana yin tasirin su mai guba a cikin jiki.Maganin kwari na gama gari sun haɗa da carbamate da wasu mahadi na organophosphorus.

Tsarin Kwari
Tsarin kwariza a iya shayar da shuka kuma a gudanar da shi zuwa sassa daban-daban na shuka, don haka kare duk shuka daga kwari.Irin wannan maganin kashe kwari ya hada da imidacloprid da furosemide.

 

Rarraba bisa ga amfani

Magungunan kwari na noma
Ana amfani da maganin kwari na noma don kare amfanin gona daga kwari da inganta yawan amfanin gona da inganci.Waɗannan sun haɗa da organophosphorus, pyrethroid da neonicotinoid kwari da ake amfani da su sosai.

Sanitary Insecticides
Ana amfani da maganin kwari masu tsafta don shawo kan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su sauro, kuda da kyankyasai don hana yaduwar cututtuka.Irin waɗannan magungunan sun haɗa da deltamethrin da cypermethrin.

Magungunan kwari na Horticultural
Ana amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don kare furanni, kayan ado da bishiyar 'ya'yan itace daga kwari.Waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari sukan haɗa da ƙarancin guba, pyrethroids masu tasiri sosai da neonicotinoids.

 

Hanyar aikin maganin kwari

Tasiri akan tsarin jin tsoro na kwari
Yawancin magungunan kashe kwari suna aiki ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da tsarin juyayi na kwari, alal misali, organophosphorus da carbamate kwari suna hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase, wanda ke haifar da cututtuka na jijiya da kuma gurgunta kwari zuwa mutuwa.

Tasiri kan tsarin endocrine na kwari
Wasu magungunan kashe kwari suna hana girma da haifuwar kwari ta hanyar rushe tsarin su na endocrin, misali, masu kula da ci gaban kwari (IGRs), waɗanda ke hana haɓakawa ko aikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.

Tasiri akan tsarin numfashi na kwari
Wasu magungunan kashe kwari suna kashe kwari ta hanyar cutar da tsarin su na numfashi, tare da hana su numfashi yadda ya kamata.Misali, fumigants suna shiga jikin kwarin a cikin nau'in gas kuma suna tsoma baki tare da tsarin numfashi na yau da kullun.

 

Hanyoyin aikace-aikacen kwari

Fesa
Fesa ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita na maganin kwari.Yana tuntuɓar kwari kai tsaye yana kashe kwari ta hanyar fesa maganin kashe kwari a saman shukar ko kuma inda kwari ke taruwa.

Tushen
Tushen ban ruwa ya haɗa da zuba maganin kashe kwari kai tsaye a cikin tushen shuka, ta yadda shukar ta shanye ta kuma ana gudanar da ita zuwa dukkan sassan shuka don samar da kariya.Ana amfani da wannan hanyar da yawa don maganin kashe kwari.

Fumigation
Hanyar fumigation tana amfani da nau'in gaseous nau'in maganin kwari, wanda aka saki a cikin rufaffiyar muhalli don cimma tasirin kashe kwari.Ana amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin wuraren da aka killace kamar wurin ajiyar hatsi, ɗakunan ajiya da wuraren zama.

Hanyar yadawa
Hanyar aikace-aikacen ta ƙunshi yin amfani da maganin kashe kwari kai tsaye zuwa wurin da kwari ke aiki ko a saman shukar, kuma ya dace da kashe kwari a cikin gida da kuma sarrafa takamaiman kwari.

 

Magungunan kwariShin samfuran da ba su da mahimmanci a cikin aikin gona da kiwon lafiya, kuma ana iya rarrabe su ta nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa da ke danganta da tsarin sunadarai, yanayin aiki, da amfani.Daga magungunan organophosphorus masu tasiri sosai zuwa neonicotinoids na muhalli, kowanne yana da nasa fa'idodi na musamman.Zaɓin maganin kwari da ya dace zai iya kare amfanin gona yadda ya kamata daga kwari da tabbatar da inganci da yawan amfanin gona.Ba ma wannan kadai ba, har ila yau magungunan kashe kwari suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin kiwon lafiya, suna taimakawa wajen shawo kan kwari da kare lafiyar jama'a.Don haka, fahimta da amfani da kyau na nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari yana da mahimmanci don samar da noma da rigakafin lafiya.