Menene magungunan kashe qwari?
Magungunan kwarirukuni ne na sinadarai da ake amfani da su don sarrafawa ko lalata kwari da kare amfanin gona, lafiyar jama'a da kayayyakin da aka adana.Dangane da tsarin aiki da kwaro da aka yi niyya, ana iya rarraba magungunan kashe kwari zuwa nau'ikan iri daban-daban, ciki har da magungunan kashe kwari, maganin cututtukan cututtukan ciki, maganin kwari na fumigant da sauransu.
Manyan nau'ikan maganin kashe kwari
Organophosphorus kwari
Organophosphorus kwari rukuni ne na sinadarai da ake amfani da su sosai a aikin noma, lafiyar jama'a da rigakafin kwari na gida.Suna aiki da farko ta hanyar hana ayyukan enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), wanda ke toshe jigilar jijiya a cikin kwari, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsu.
Amfani:
Babban inganci da faffadan bakan: yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan nau'ikan kwari da yawa kuma yana da fa'ida ta aikace-aikace.
Yin aiki da sauri: yana iya kashe kwari da sauri, tare da saurin tasiri.
Ƙananan farashi: in mun gwada ƙarancin samarwa da farashin amfani, dace da aikace-aikacen babban sikelin.
Zafafan Kayayyaki
Trichlorfon: Yana da tasiri mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida organophosphate wanda aka saba amfani dashi don sarrafa nau'in kwari iri-iri na noma.
Malathion: tare da ƙarancin guba, ana amfani da shi sosai don maganin kwari na gida da na lafiyar jama'a, da kuma magance kwari na noma.
Parathion: Mafi girman guba, galibi ana amfani da shi don magance kwari na noma, amma an hana shi ko an hana shi a wasu ƙasashe da yankuna.
Malathion 45%EC, 57%EC, 65%EC, 50%WP, 90%TC, 95%TC
Carbamate kwari
Kwarin Carbamate wani nau'in sinadarai ne da ake amfani da su don sarrafa kwari iri-iri a wuraren aikin gona da na gida.Suna aiki ta hanyar hana enzyme acetylcholinesterase, wanda ke haifar da gina jiki na acetylcholine a jijiyar jijiyoyi da neuromuscular junctions.Wannan yana haifar da kumburin tsoka akai-akai kuma a ƙarshe inna da mutuwar kwari.
Amfani:
Babban inganci: yana da tasirin kisa mai ƙarfi akan kwarin bakin baki.
Yin aiki da sauri: mai sauri da inganci a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Ƙananan saura: saurin lalacewa a cikin muhalli, ɗan gajeren lokacin saura.
Zafafan Kayayyaki
Karbaryl (Sevin): Ana amfani da shi sosai a aikin gona, lambuna na gida, da kuma magance kwari akan dabbobi.
Carbaryl 50% WP, 85% WP, 5% GR, 95% TC
Aldicarb: Yana da ƙarfi sosai, ana amfani da shi musamman don kwari na ƙasa.
Propoxur: Ana amfani dashi a cikin maganin kwari na noma da na birni, gami da ƙuƙumman ƙugiya da tururuwa.
Metomyl: An yi aikin noma don sarrafa kwari akan amfanin gona.
Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC
Pyrethroid kwari
Pyrethroid kwari rukuni ne na sinadarai na roba wanda aka kera bayan mahallin insecticidal pyrethroid (wanda aka samo daga chrysanthemum).Ana amfani da pyrethroids sosai saboda tasirin su, ƙarancin guba ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kwanciyar hankali na muhalli.Pyrethroids suna kai hari ga tsarin jijiyoyi na kwari ta hanyar ɗaure ga tashoshi na sodium mai ƙarfin lantarki.Wannan ɗaure yana tsawaita buɗaɗɗen yanayin tashar, yana haifar da maimaitawar jijiya, gurgunta, da kuma mutuwar kwari.
Amfani:
Ƙananan guba: ingantacciyar lafiya ga mutane da dabbobi, dacewa da amfanin gida da lafiyar jama'a.
Yin aiki da sauri: yana da saurin ƙwanƙwasawa akan ƙwari da yawa.
Barga: barga a cikin yanayi tare da tsawon lokaci na inganci.
Zafafan Kayayyaki
Permethrin: Ana amfani da shi a aikin gona, lafiyar jama'a, da magungunan dabbobi. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin samfuran gida kamar feshin kwari da tufafin da aka kula da su Hakanan ana samun su a cikin samfuran gida kamar feshin kwari da suturar da aka bi da su.
Cypermethrin: Ana amfani dashi sosai a aikace-aikacen noma da magungunan kashe kwari na gida.
Deltamethrin: An san shi don tasirin sa akan nau'ikan kwari iri-iri a cikin aikin gona da wuraren zama.
Lambda-cyhalothrin: Aiwatar da shirin noma da lafiyar jama'a don magance sauro.
Fenvalerate: Ana amfani da shi wajen sarrafa kwaro na noma.
Neonicotinoid kwari
Neonicotinoid kwari, wanda aka fi sani da "neonics," wani nau'i ne na magungunan kashe kwari masu amfani da neuro mai kama da nicotine.Ana amfani da su ko'ina saboda tasirinsu wajen sarrafa nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da tsarin tsarin su, wanda ke ba su damar kare tsirrai gaba ɗaya.Neonicotinoids suna ɗaure ga masu karɓar nicotinic acetylcholine a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya na kwari, yana haifar da wuce gona da iri na tsarin juyayi.Wannan yakan haifar da gurguzu da mutuwa.
Amfani:
Inganci da faffadan bakan: tasiri a kan nau'ikan kwari iri-iri, musamman huda-tsotsa baki.
Dogon lokaci na inganci: Dorewa mai inganci, rage yawan aikace-aikacen.
Ƙananan guba: mafi aminci ga mutane da dabbobi, aikace-aikace mai yawa.
Zafafan Kayayyaki
Imidacloprid: Daya daga cikin magungunan kashe kwari da aka fi amfani da su a duniya, ana amfani da su a aikin noma, noma, da kuma sarrafa ƙuma akan dabbobi.
Clothianidin: Ana amfani da shi a aikin gona, musamman a matsayin maganin iri don kare amfanin gona kamar masara da waken soya.
Thiamethoxam: Aiki a cikin tsarin aikin gona don amfanin gona iri-iri.
Acetamiprid: Ana amfani da su a cikin aikin gona da wuraren zama.
Dinotefuran: Aiwatar da kayan aikin noma da kwaro don amfanin gida.
Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC
Hanyar aikin maganin kwari
Magungunan kwari suna haifar da tasiri akan kwari ta hanyoyi daban-daban, musamman ciki har da:
Neurotoxicity:Yana tsoma baki tare da tsarin juyayi tsarin tafiyar da kwari, haifar da gurguzu ko mutuwa.
Amfani:
Inganci da sauri-aiki: na iya yin aiki da sauri akan tsarin jijiya na kwari da kashe su da sauri.
Broad-spectrum: tasiri a kan nau'in kwari iri-iri, aikace-aikace masu yawa.
Sauƙi don amfani: yawancin waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari ana iya amfani da su ta hanyar fesa, fumigation da sauran hanyoyin.
Hana numfashi:yana lalata tsarin enzyme na numfashi na kwari, yana haifar da asphyxiation da mutuwa.
Amfani:
Maganin kwari mai tasiri sosai: ta hanyar hana tsarin enzyme na numfashi na kwari, yana haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar asphyxiation.
Ƙananan juriya: kwari ba su da yuwuwar haɓaka juriya ga wannan tsarin.
Faɗin ayyuka: ana iya amfani da su akan nau'ikan kwari da nau'ikan ci gaba daban-daban.
hana narkewar abinci:yana shafar tsarin narkewar ƙwayoyin cuta, yana hana su samun abubuwan gina jiki.
Amfani:
Kyakkyawan zaɓi: galibi yana aiki akan tauna bakin kwarin kwari, ƙarancin tasiri akan sauran ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ƙananan juriya: kwari ba su da yuwuwar haɓaka juriya ga wannan tsarin aikin.
Abokan muhalli: gabaɗaya ƙasa da gurɓata muhalli ga muhalli.
Rushewar Epidermal:yana lalata tsarin kwaro na epidermal, yana haifar da asarar ruwan jiki da mutuwa ta rashin ruwa.
Amfani:
Maganin kwari mai tasiri sosai: ta hanyar lalata epidermis na kwari, yana haifar da asarar ruwan jiki da mutuwa ta rashin ruwa.
Ƙananan juriya: kwari ba su da yuwuwar haɓaka juriya ga wannan lalacewar jiki.
Amintaccen muhalli: ƙarancin tasiri akan muhalli da ƙwayoyin da ba su da manufa, amintaccen muhalli.
Amfani da Magungunan Insecticides
Aikace-aikace a Aikin Noma
Maganin kashe kwari na daya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin magance kwari wajen noman noma.Lokacin amfani da su, yakamata a zaɓi magungunan kwari masu dacewa bisa ga nau'ikan kwari masu niyya, yanayin faruwarsu da yanayin muhalli, kuma a yi amfani da su bisa ga shawarar da aka ba da shawarar da hanyar don cimma sakamako mafi kyau.
Aikace-aikace a cikin Iyali da Lafiyar Jama'a
A fannin kiwon lafiyar iyali da na jama'a, ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari wajen kashe sauro, kyankyasai da sauransu.Yakamata a dauki matakan tsaro yayin amfani da su don gujewa hadurran da ba dole ba ga mutane, dabbobi da muhalli.Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan guba, magungunan kashe kwari masu sauri, da bin umarnin amfani sosai.
FAQ
1. Menene tsarin aikin maganin kwari?
Amsa: Tsarin aikin maganin kwari yana nufin yadda magungunan kashe kwari ke shafar tsarin ilimin halittar jiki da na ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsu.Hanyoyin aiki na yau da kullum sun haɗa da neurotoxicity, ƙwayar tsoka, hanawa na numfashi da tsarin girma.
2.Mene ne tsarin kwayoyin halitta na aikin maganin kwari?
Amsa: Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na aikin maganin kwari ya ƙunshi hulɗar kwayoyin cutar kwari tare da sunadaran sunadarai ko enzymes a cikin jikin kwari, don haka yana tsoma baki tare da ayyuka na al'ada na kwayoyin kwari da kuma haifar da mutuwar kwari.Hanyoyi na musamman sun haɗa da toshe tafiyar jijiyoyi, hana ayyukan enzyme da tsoma baki tare da ma'aunin hormone.
3. Menene mahimmancin rarraba maganin kwari bisa tsarin aiki?
Amsa: Rarraba bisa tsarin aiki yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar magungunan kashe kwari masu dacewa don haɗakar da kwari da kuma guje wa maimaita amfani da nau'in maganin kwari iri ɗaya, don haka rage haɗarin haɓaka juriya.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-31-2024
