Ubhontshisi wesoya obangelwa amagciwane yisifo sezitshalo esibhubhisayo esithinta izitshalo zikabhontshisi emhlabeni wonke.Lesi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane okuthiwa i-Pseudomonas syringae PV.Ubhontshisi wesoya ungadala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesivuno uma ungelashwa.Abalimi nochwepheshe bezolimo bebelokhu befuna izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nalesi sifo futhi basindise izitshalo zabo zikabhontshisi.Kulesi sihloko, sihlola amakhemikhali esikhunta i-streptomycin, i-pyraclostrobin, ne-copper oxychloride namandla azo okwelapha ukubola kwebhaktheriya kabhontshisi wesoya.

I-Streptomycin iyinhlanganisela esebenza ngezindlela eziningi esetshenziswa kakhulu njengemithi elwa namagciwane kubantu.Kodwa-ke, ibuye isetshenziswe njengesibulala-zinambuzane sezolimo.I-Streptomycin ine-wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties futhi iyasebenza ekulawuleni amagciwane, isikhunta kanye nolwelwe.Endabeni ye-bacterial blight blight, i-streptomycin ibonise imiphumela emihle ekulawuleni amagciwane abangela lesi sifo.Ingasetshenziswa njengesifutho sefoliar ukuze kwehliswe ngempumelelo ukushuba nokusabalala kokutheleleka.I-Streptomycin ingakwazi futhi ukulawula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta kwezinye izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokukhula kolwelwe emachibini okuhlobisa nasezindaweni zasemanzini.

 

I-oxychloride yethusikungenye isibulala-sikhunta samakhemikhali esisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo ukulawula izifo zesikhunta nezamagciwane ezitshalweni zezithelo nemifino, okuhlanganisa nobhontshisi wesoya.Isebenza kahle kakhulu ezifweni ezinjengokubola, isikhunta, namachashaza amaqabunga.I-copper oxychloride ikhonjiswe ukuthi iyasebenza ngokumelene ne-Pseudomonas syringae pv.Ubhontshisi wesoya, i-ejenti eyimbangela ye-bacterial blight of soya.Uma isetshenziswa njengesifutho, lesi sibulala-sikhunta sakha ungqimba oluyisivikelo ezindaweni zezitshalo, ukuvimbela ukukhula nokusabalala kwamagciwane.Ikhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside likwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni ukubola kwebhaktheriya kabhontshisi wesoya.

I-Pyraclostrobinisibulala-sikhunta esivame ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ukulawula izifo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.I-fungicide ingeyamakhemikhali e-strobilurin futhi iyasebenza kakhulu ekulweni namagciwane esikhunta.I-Pyraclostrobin isebenza ngokuvimbela inqubo yokuphefumula yamangqamuzana esikhunta, ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula nokuzala kwawo.Nakuba i-pyraclostrobin ingase ingaqondi ngokuqondile kubhaktheriya abangela ukubola kwebhaktheriya kabhontshisi wesoya, kuboniswe ukuthi inemiphumela yesistimu enganciphisa ngokungaqondile ukuqina kwesifo.Ikhono layo lokulawula ezinye izifo zokukhunta ezitshalweni zikabhontshisi wesoya liyenza ithuluzi elibalulekile endleleni edidiyelwe yokulawula izifo.

Lapho kukhethwa izibulala-sikhunta zamakhemikhali ukwelapha ukubola kwebhaktheriya kabhontshisi wesoya, izici ezifana nokusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nomthelela wendawo kufanele kubhekwe.I-Streptomycin, i-copper oxychloride, ne-pyraclostrobin zonke izindlela ezisebenzayo ekulweni nalesi sifo esibhubhisayo.Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha ama-fungicides kufanele kuboniswane nochwepheshe bezolimo, ngokuya ngezimo ezithile kanye nezidingo zezitshalo zikabhontshisi wesoya.Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukulandela izilinganiso zokufaka izicelo ezinconyiwe kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuncishiswe noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwalawa makhemikhali.

 

Sengiphetha, ukubola kwebhaktheriya kubhontshisi wesoya kuyinkinga enkulu kubalimi besoya futhi izibulala-sikhunta zamakhemikhali zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni kwakho.I-Streptomycin, i-copper oxychloride, ne-pyraclostrobin wonke angamakhemikhali anamandla okusebenza ngempumelelo ekulawuleni lesi sifo.Kodwa-ke, izici ezifana nokusebenza ngempumelelo, ukuphepha, kanye nomthelela wendawo kufanele kubhekwe lapho kukhethwa isibulala-sikhunta esifaneleka kakhulu sokulawula ukubola kwebhaktheriya kabhontshisi wesoya.Ngokusebenzisa amasu adidiyelwe okulawula izifo nokusebenzisa izibulala-sikhunta ezifanele, abalimi bangavikela izitshalo zikabhontshisi wesoya futhi baqinisekise isivuno esinempilo.