Izibulala-zinambuzaneyizinto zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziselwa ukubulala noma ukulawula izinambuzane eziyingozi.Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, ezempilo kanye ne-horticulture ukuvikela izitshalo, indawo yasekhaya kanye nempilo yomphakathi.Ama-insecticide asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo nakwezempilo.Azigcini nje ngokukhulisa isivuno kodwa futhi zivimbela ngempumelelo ukusakazeka kwezifo.

 

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-insecticide?

Ama-insecticides angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-organophosphates, i-carbamates, i-pyrethroids,ama-neonicotinoids, kanye ne-organochlorines, ngayinye enamakhemikhali ayo akhethekile nendlela yokwenza, futhi isetshenziselwa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane nokuvikela izitshalo nempilo yabantu.Okulandelayo, sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izigaba nemikhiqizo ejwayelekile etholakalayo.

 

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba zamakhemikhali

Ama-Insecticides e-Organophosphorus

Ama-insecticide e-Organophosphorus ayikilasi lama-insecticide asetshenziswa kakhulu avimbela i-enzyme i-acetylcholinesterase ezinambuzaneni, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesimiso sezinzwa zesinambuzane nokufa.

I-Dichlorvos (DDVP)

 

I-Malathion

I-Carbamate Insecticides

Ama-insecticide e-Carbamate aphazamisa ukuqhutshwa kwezinzwa ezinambuzaneni ngokuvimbela i-enzyme i-acetylcholinesterase.Lawa ma-insecticide asebenza kakhulu futhi asebenza ngokushesha.

I-Methomyl

 

Ama-insecticides e-Pyrethroid

Ama-insecticide e-pyrethroid angama-synthetic pyrethroid compounds anemiphumela yawo yokubulala izinambuzane ngokuthinta ukuhamba kwenzwa ezinambuzaneni.Zibonakala ngobuthi obuphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nobungane bemvelo.

I-Cypermetrin

 

I-Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Ama-insecticide e-Neonicotinoid ayisizukulwane esisha sezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ngokubopha i-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, okuholela ekuvuthweni ngokweqile kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko nokufa.

Imidacloprid

I-Clothianidin

 

Ama-Insecticides e-Organochlorine

Ama-insecticide e-Organochlorine ayiqembu lezinambuzane zendabuko ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi zine-spectrum ebanzi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kunqunyelwe ngenxa yokuphikelela kwazo kwemvelo kanye nokuqoqwa kwemvelo.Izibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile ze-organochlorine zihlanganisa i-DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) ne-chlordane.

 

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendlela yesenzo

Thinta ama-insecticides
Ama-insecticide ohlobo lokuthinta asebenza ngokuthintana ngqo ne-epidermis yesinambuzane.Lolu hlobo lwe-insecticide luhlanganisa eziningi ze-organophosphorus ne-pyrethroid compounds.

Ama-Insecticide Esisu Esinobuthi
Ama-Toxicant Esisu agwinywa yizinambuzane futhi asebenzise imiphumela yawo enobuthi emzimbeni.Ama-insecticide ajwayelekile e-gastric afaka i-carbamates namanye ama-organophosphorus compounds.

Ama-Insecticides esistimu
Ama-insecticides esistimuingamuncwa isitshalo futhi iqhutshwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele isitshalo sonke ezinambuzaneni.Lolu hlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane luhlanganisa imidacloprid nefurosemide.

 

Ukuhlukaniswa ngokokusetshenziswa

Ama-Agricultural Insecticides
Izibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni kanye nokwenza ngcono isivuno kanye nekhwalithi.Lezi zihlanganisa ama-organophosphorus asetshenziswa kakhulu, i-pyrethroid kanye ne-neonicotinoid insecticides.

Ama-Insecticide ahlanzekile
Izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlanzekile zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ezithwalayo njengomiyane, izimpukane namaphela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kwezifo.Izibulala-zinambuzane ezinjalo zihlanganisa i-deltamethrin ne-cypermethrin.

Ama-Horticultural Insecticides
Ama-horticultural insecticide asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela izimbali, imihlobiso nezihlahla zezithelo ezinambuzaneni.Lezi zinambuzane ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ubuthi obuphansi, ama-pyrethroids asebenza kahle kakhulu nama-neonicotinoids.

 

Indlela yokusebenza yama-insecticides

Imiphumela ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwezinambuzane
Ama-insecticide amaningi asebenza ngokuphazamisa isimiso sezinzwa sezinambuzane, isibonelo, i-organophosphorus ne-carbamate insecticide ivimbela i-enzyme i-acetylcholinesterase, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-nerve conduction kanye nezinambuzane ezikhubazekile ekufeni.

Imiphumela ohlelweni lwe-endocrine lwezinambuzane
Izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile zivimbela ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinambuzane ngokuphazamisa uhlelo lwazo lwe-endocrine, isb, izilawuli zokukhula kwezinambuzane (IGRs), ezivimbela ukuhlanganiswa noma isenzo samahomoni akhipha izinambuzane.

Imiphumela ohlelweni lokuphefumula lwezinambuzane
Ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane zibulala izinambuzane ngokuthinta isimiso sazo sokuphefumula, zizivimbele ukuba zingaphefumuli kahle.Ngokwesibonelo, amafumigant angena emzimbeni wesinambuzane ngendlela ewugesi futhi aphazamise izinqubo zaso ezivamile zokuphefumula.

 

Izindlela zokufaka ama-insecticide

Ukufafaza
Ukufafaza kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokufaka ama-insecticide.Ithintana ngokuqondile futhi ibulale izinambuzane ngokufafaza isisombululo se-insecticide ebusweni besitshalo noma lapho izinambuzane zibuthana khona.

Izimpande
Indlela yokuchelela impande ibandakanya ukuthela isisombululo sokubulala izinambuzane ngqo ezimpandeni zesitshalo, ukuze simunce isitshalo futhi siqhutshwe kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ukuze sinikeze isivikelo.Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ama-insecticide e-systemic.

Ukufuthelana
Indlela yokufutha isebenzisa uhlobo lwegesi lwesibulala-zinambuzane, olukhishwa endaweni evaliwe ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokubulala izinambuzane.Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezivaliwe ezifana nokugcinwa okusanhlamvu, izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.

Indlela yokusabalalisa
Indlela yokufaka isicelo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa isibulala-zinambuzane ngqo endaweni lapho izinambuzane zisebenza khona noma ngaphezulu kwesitshalo, futhi ifanele ukubulawa kwezinambuzane endaweni kanye nokulawula izinambuzane ezithile.

 

Izibulala-zinambuzaneziyimikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo nakwezempilo, futhi zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi ezincike ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, indlela yokwenza, kanye nokusetshenziswa.Kusukela kuma-insecticide e-organophosphorus asebenza kahle kakhulu kuye kuma-neonicotinoid anobungani bemvelo, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile.Ukukhetha isibulala-zinambuzane esifanele kungavikela izitshalo ngempumelelo ezinambuzaneni futhi kuqinisekise ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno semikhiqizo yezolimo.Akugcini lapho, izibulala-zinambuzane nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezempilo, zisiza ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezithwalayo futhi zivikele impilo yomphakathi.Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokusebenzisa kahle izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibulala-zinambuzane kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni ezolimo nasekuvimbeleni impilo.