Izinhlelo zokuzungezisa zingasiza abalimi ukuthi bavimbele izibulala-zinambuzane nama-acaricides ukuthi angalahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo.
Ama-insecticide kanye nama-acaricides asasetshenziselwa ukudambisa inkinga yezinambuzane kanye nezinambuzane zemite ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza i-greenhouse.Kodwa-ke, ukuqhubeka nokuthembela kuma-insecticide kanye/noma ama-acaricides kungaholela ekuphikisweni kwezinambuzane kanye/noma izinambuzane zezinambuzane.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi be-greenhouse badinga ukuqonda indlela yokusebenza yezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhethiwe kanye nama-acaricides ukuze bakhe uhlelo lokujikeleza oluhloselwe ukunciphisa/ukubambezela ukumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane.Indlela yokwenza ukuthi ama-insecticide noma ama-acaricides ayithinta kanjani i-metabolism kanye/noma izinqubo zomzimba zezinambuzane noma izibungu.Indlela yokusebenza yawo wonke ama-insecticide nama-acaricides ingatholakala kudokhumenti ye-Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) enesihloko esithi “IRAC Action Mode Classification Scheme” ku-irac-online.org.
Lesi sihloko sidingida imodeli ye-IRAC Yamaqembu Esenzo 9 no-29, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi “izivimbeli zokuphakela ezikhethiwe.”Izibulala-zinambuzane ezintathu ezikhethiwe ezivimbela ukudla ezingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza i-greenhouse yilezi: i-pymetrozine (umzamo: I-Syngenta Crop Protection; Greensboro, NC), i-flunipropamide (aria: FMC Corp.) , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), ne-pyrifluquinazon (Rycar: SePRO Corp. .; Carmel, Indiana).Nakuba wonke ama-insecticide amathathu aqale afakwa eqenjini le-9 (i-9A-pymetrozine ne-pyrifluquinazon; kanye ne-9C-flonicamid), i-flunipropamide ihanjiswe ku-29th ngenxa yokubophezela okuhlukile kumasayithi athile okwamukela.iqembu.Ngokuvamile, amaqembu womabili asebenza ku-chondroitin (ama-stretch receptors) nezitho zezinzwa ezinambuzaneni, ezibhekene nokuzwa, ukusebenzisana kwezimoto, nokuqonda amandla adonsela phansi.
I-Pyrmeazine ne-pyrflurazine (iqembu le-IRAC 9) libhekwa njengamamoduli wesiteshi se-TRPV ezithweni ze-cartilage.Lezi zithako ezisebenzayo ziphazamisa ukulawulwa kwesango le-Nan-lav TRPV (i-Transient Receptor Potential Vanilla) ngokubophezela kuma-channel complexes ezingxenyeni zokwamukela ezelula izintambo, ezibalulekile ekuzweni nasekunyakazeni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla nokunye ukuziphatha kwezinambuzane ezihlosiwe kungase kuphazamiseke.I-Flunicarmide (iqembu le-IRAC 29) libhekwa njengesilawuli sesitho se-chondroitin esinezindawo ezihlosiwe ezingaziwa.Isithako esisebenzayo sivimbela umsebenzi we-perichondrium relaxation receptor organ egcina ukuzwa (isibonelo, ibhalansi).I-Flonicamid (iqembu lama-29) ihluke ku-pymetrozine ne-pyrifluquinazon (iqembu 9) ngokuthi i-fluonicamid ayibophezeli kunxanxathela yesiteshi se-Nan-lav TRPV.
Ngokuvamile, ama-blocking feeding blockers (noma ama-inhibitors) ayiqembu lezinambuzane ezinezinhlobonhlobo zemiphumela noma izindlela zokwenza ngokomzimba, ezingavimbela izinambuzane ukuthi zingadli ngokuphazamisa i-neuromodulation yokuphuza uketshezi lwesitshalo somlomo.Lezi zibulala-zinambuzane zingashintsha ukuziphatha ngokuvimbela noma ukuphazamisa ukudlula kwemishini oketshezini lwemithambo ( phloem sieve ) yesitshalo, okuvimbela izinambuzane ekutholeni imisoco.Lokhu kuholela endlala.
Ama-blocker feeding blockers ayasebenza ngokumelene nezilwane ezidla ezinye ze-phloem eziyinkinga ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezibamba ukushisa.Lezi zihlanganisa ama-aphid nama-whiteflies.Ama-blocking feeder blockers ayasebenza esigabeni sentsha nesabantu abadala, futhi avimba ngokushesha ukudla.Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba izintwala zingaphila izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine, zizoyeka ukudla emahoreni ambalwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakelwa okukhethiwe kwama-blockers kungase kuvimbele ukusabalala kwamagciwane athwalwa ama-aphid.Lezi zibulala-zinambuzane azisebenzi ngokumelene nezimpukane (Diptera), amabhungane (Coleoptera) noma amacimbi (Lepidoptera).Izivimbeli zokudla ezikhethiwe zinomsebenzi wesistimu nomsebenzi we-cross-layer (ukungena kwezicubu zeqabunga nokwenza iqoqo lezithako ezisebenzayo eqabungeni), futhi zinganikeza umsebenzi osalayo kuze kube amasonto amathathu.Ama-insecticide e-blocker feeder akhethiwe anobuthi obungaqondile nezingaqondile ezinyosini nasezitheni zemvelo.
Imodi yesenzo se-blocker feeding blockers akulula ukubangela ukumelana nezinambuzane ngesikhathi esifushane.Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwale ndlela yesenzo kungagcina kunciphise ukusebenza kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhethiwe ezivimbela ukudla.Isibonelo, kungase kube nezinkinga ezihlobene nokumelana okuphambanayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane zeqembu lesi-9 kanye nezinambuzane ezimelana ne-neonicotinoid (iqembu le-IRAC 4A) (ngokusekelwe ekumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezinikeza isigaba samakhemikhali esifanayo kanye/noma indlela yokusebenza efanayo).Indlela eyodwa yokumelana nomuthi yokumelana nomuthi) ngoba ama-enzyme afana ne-cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase angakwazi ukugawula lezi zibulala-zinambuzane.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi be-greenhouse badinga ukuphatha ngendlela efanele futhi basebenzise ama-insecticide anezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza phakathi kwama-blocker feeding akhethiwe ohlelweni lokujikeleza ukugwema noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nokumelana nezidakamizwa.
Raymond is a professor and extension expert in Horticultural Entomology/Plant Protection in the Entomology Department of Kansas State University. His research and promotion plans involve plant protection in greenhouses, nurseries, landscapes, greenhouses, vegetables and fruits. rcloyd@ksu.edu or 785-532-4750
Njengoba abalimi beba matasa kakhulu entwasahlobo, futhi umkhawulo wephutha uba mncane futhi ube mncane, kubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye yomsebenzi wabo wokulima inembile.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubalimi abasebenzisa ukusika okungenazimpande ukuze bakhiqize.
NgokukaDkt. Ryan Dickson, uchwepheshe wokukhushulwa eNyuvesi yaseNew Hampshire, inkinga evamile ngokusebenza kwe-spring greenhouse ukusika ngokweqile.Uthe lokhu kusho ukunikela kakhulu ezitshalweni nokuzisusa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
"Uma wenza i-atomize ngokweqile ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqiza, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhiphe imisoco kamanyolo olwelweni," kusho uDickson."Kukhona nengozi yokunqwabelana kwamanzi ku-substrate, okunciphisa okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo kusisekelo sokusika kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula kwezimpande."
Wathi: “Lapho uthola isigaxa esingenazimpande, isitshalo empeleni sisonqenqemeni lokufa.Umsebenzi wakho lo.Udinga ukuyibuyisela empilweni futhi ukhiqize umugqa wekhwalithi ophezulu onamandla amakhulu womlimi olandelayo.Mat.”“Ezigabeni zokuqala zokusabalala, kuhlangana kahle phakathi kwenkungu eningi noma encane kakhulu.Njengoba izitshalo zikhula, uzoqhubeka nokwenza izinguquko, ngakho kudingeka umlimi ongathi sína.”
U-Dixon uthe okubi ngokufaka inkungu encane kakhulu ukuthi ingozi yokugunda ukomisa iphezulu, ngoba ngisho nokubuna okuncane kungase kubambezele ukuhluma kwezimpande.Inkinga yokweqiwa kanye nokushiyeka ingase ingathetheleli kangako.Abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa ngokweqile inkungu njengomshuwalense.
Ngokuka-Dixon, uma isitshalo sikhipha ngokweqile futhi kwenzeka ukuvuza okuphezulu, i-pH endaweni yokukhula nayo izokhuphuka ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Izakhamzimba ezimaphakathi zisiza ukuzinzisa i-pH.Uma le misoco ihlungwa ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile noma ukunisela, i-pH ingase ikhuphuke ngaphezu kwezinga elifanele."Uthe.“Lokhu kuveza izinkinga ezimbili.Esokuqala ukuthi imisoco emuncwa isitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpande iphansi kakhulu.Isizathu sesibili ukuthi njengoba inani le-pH likhula, ukuncibilika kwama-micronutrients athile (njenge-iron ne-manganese) kuzokwehla futhi akukwazi ukumuncwa.Uma uthola ukuthi izakhi zakho azanele futhi izitshalo ziphuzi, i-pH phakathi nendawo iphezulu futhi izakhi ziphansi, khona-ke isinyathelo sokuqala esilula ukufaka umanyolo nokwandisa okuqukethwe kwezakhi phakathi nendawo.Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngemisoco ukuze amaqabunga abe luhlaza, futhi futhi kusiza ukwehlisa i-pH futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ne-manganese.”
Ukuze kucushwe kahle inqubo ye-atomization, u-Dickson uncoma ukuchitha isikhathi endaweni ebamba ukushisa ukuze ubuke izitshalo kanye ne-atomization.Uthe ngendlela efanele abalimi kumele bafake atomize izitshalo uma zomile kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi zibune.Uma umlimi ebamba inkungu ngenkathi amaqabunga esamanzi, noma isitshalo sibuna, kunenkinga.
Wathi: “Ungasikhipha isitshalo.”Futhi uma isitshalo sinezimpande, akufanele sibe nenkungu nhlobo.
U-Dickson uncoma ukuthi kuqashwe i-pH kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi ngesikhathi sokutshala ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi imisoco isihlungiwe futhi kunqunywe ukuthi ukuvundisa kuyadingeka yini.U-Dickson uncoma nokuhlolwa njalo kokuqukethwe kwe-pH ne-EC.Uphinde wathi noma yiziphi izilimo ezintsha noma izitshalo ezingase zibe sengozini yezinkinga zokudla okunomsoco kufanele zihlolwe njalo.UDixon uthe izitshalo ezimbili ezingase zibe yingozi kakhulu i-petunia ne-flower cho enkulu.
Uthe: “Lezi yizitshalo ezinamandla ezizwelayo kuzo zombili izakhamzimba eziphansi kanye ne-pH ephezulu.”“Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezinde, njengamathambo nezitshalo eziwuqweqwe, nazo ziyahlolwa.Ngokuvamile zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe ngaphansi kwenkungu.Ngakho-ke, kunethuba elikhulu lokukhipha imisoco endaweni ephakathi ngaphambi kokutshala.”
Ngafundisa enye yezifundo zami zokukhiqiza izitshalo ezibamba ukushisa ekwindla.Kuleso sifundo, sagxila ezitshalweni eziqhakaza ezimbizeni, izimbali ezisikiwe nezitshalo zamahlamvu.Njengengxenye yelabhorethri, satshala izitshalo eziningi ezinamabhodwe, kuhlanganise ne-poinsettia.Elabhorethri, sazijwayeza ukusebenzisa “ingqikithi yokuphatha izitshalo”-indlela ephelele esekelwe ekuhlanganiseni idatha nokuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlola okubalulekile kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okufakwe emabhokisini (Umfanekiso 1).Okokuqala, kufanele siqaphe njalo izici zemvelo ze-greenhouse, ezifana nokukhanya kwemini, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kwansuku zonke, nomehluko wokushisa wasemini nobusuku.Lapho isitshalo sikhula noma kukhona ijika lokulandela umkhondo, ukuphakama kwesitshalo;izici ze-substrate namanzi okunisela, njenge-pH kanye ne-electrical conductivity (EC);kanye nenani lezinambuzane.Uma usebenzisa idatha mayelana nemvelo ye-greenhouse, ukukhula kwezitshalo, i-substrate, amanzi, nezinambuzane, ukwenza izinqumo kulula kakhulu.Awudingi ukuqagela ukuthi kwenzekani ku-greenhouse noma isitsha;kunalokho, uyazi futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
Ekuqaleni kwe-semester, abafundi banikezwe imigomo yobude babo bokugcina, izimo ze-greenhouse, izinga lamanzi, kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kwe-substrate.Nge-poinsettia, i-pH ekahle eqondiwe ngu-5.8 kuya ku-6.2, futhi i-EC ingu-2.5 kuya ku-4.5 mS/cm.I-Poinsettia ibhekwa njengesitshalo "esivamile" (esingekho phansi kakhulu, hhayi phezulu kakhulu) uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo ze-pH, kodwa kusukela enanini eliphezulu le-EC, kungabonakala ukuthi ibhekwa "njenge-feeder enzima".
Emasontweni amabili emva kokutshala i-poinsettia, senza ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-substrate okuthululwayo.Lena imfihlakalo.Umfundi ubuyile e-greenhouse ebonakala edidekile.I-Poinsettia ine-pH ephakathi kuka-4.8 no-4.9.Ekuqaleni, ngiphakamise ukuthi i-pH ephathwayo nemitha ye-EC ingase ingalinganiswa ngendlela efanele.Ngakho baphuma, balinganisa imitha, futhi bathola imiphumela efanayo.Abanye abafundi bahlunga babuyela elabhorethri, futhi i-pH yabo nayo iphansi kakhulu.Ngicabange ukuthi isisombululo sokulinganisa singase singabi sihle, ngakho-ke sivule ibhodlela elisha lesixazululo futhi salinganisa kabusha.Nalapha, sithole imiphumela efanayo.Ngenxa yalokho, sizame amamitha ahlukene aphethwe ngesandla, sabe sesizama izixazululo zokulinganisa zemikhiqizo ehlukene.I-pH ye-substrate iphansi ngokuphelele.
Siyini isizathu se-pH ephansi?Okulandelayo, safunda ngomanyolo ohlanjululwe, amanzi ahlanzekile, isisombululo sesitoko sikamanyolo kanye nemijovo.I-pH ne-EC yesisombululo sikamanyolo ohlanjululwe esiwusebenzisile ibonakala ivamile, futhi imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi yayingekho inkinga.Sisebenza emuva sisuka ekugcineni kwepayipi, sahlola amanzi ahlanzekile kamasipala.Futhi, lawa manani abonakala ebangeni.Asiwafaki i-asidi amanzi ethu ngoba amanzi kamasipala esiwasebenzisayo ane-alkalinity engaba ngu-60 ppm-“plug and play” amanzi.Okulandelayo, ake sibheke isisombululo sethu sesitoko sikamanyolo nomjovo kamanyolo.Sisebenzisa ingxube ka-21-5-20 ukwehlisa i-pH kanye no-15-5-15 ukuze sikhulise i-pH ukuze senze isisombululo sikamanyolo esingagcwalisa amanzi ukuze silawule i-pH ye-substrate.Sixube isixazululo se-inventory esisha sha, futhi kuqinisekile ukuthi ama-injection alinganisiwe ngempela futhi ajovwe ngendlela efanele.
Ngakho-ke, yini eyenza i-pH yehle?Akukho engikucabangayo endaweni yethu engadala izinkinga.Inkinga yethu kumele idalwe ezinye izizathu!Nginqume into eyodwa esingazange siyilinganise: i-alkalinity.Ngakho-ke, ngathatha ikhithi yokuhlola i-alkalinity ngahlola amanzi kamasipala ahlanzekile.Bheka, i-alkalinity ayiwona ama-60s ajwayelekile.Ngokuphambene nalokho, cishe iphansi ngo-75% kunokuvamile phakathi kwentsha.Umphathi wethu we-greenhouse ushayele idolobha ukubuza mayelana ne-alkalinity ephansi.Idolobha lisanda kushintsha indlela elisebenza ngayo, futhi kuqinisekile ukuthi behlise ukugcwala kwe-alkalinity ngaphansi kwezinga langaphambilini.
Ekugcineni siyazi ukuthi imbangela yile: i-alkalinity ephansi emanzini okunisela.I-21-5-20 ingabangela ukusabela kwe-asidi ngokweqile ngamanzi kamasipala ane-alkalinity ephansi.Sithathe izinyathelo ezithile ukuze senze i-pH ye-substrate ibe evamile.Okokuqala, ukuze sikhulise ngokushesha i-pH ye-substrate, senze isicelo se-limestone esigelezayo.Ekulawuleni i-pH yesikhathi eside, siphinde sashintsha umanyolo waba ngu-100% we-15-5-15 ukuze sisize umphumela wokwenyuka kwe-pH, futhi sashiya ngokuphelele i-asidi engu-21-5-20.
Kungani ukhuluma nge-poinsettia lapho ingena ekukhiqizeni okugcwele entwasahlobo?Ukuziphatha kwale ndaba akuhlangene ne-poinsettia.Kunalokho, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqapha nokuhlola okuvamile.Amazwi kaLord Kelvin, isazi sesayensi yezibalo nonjiniyela, afingqwa njengesifinyezo senani ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile: “Ukulinganisa kuwukwazi.”Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa, inkinga ingase ihlale isikhathi eside ingatholakali.Lapho sithola ukuthi i-substrate pH iphansi, amahlumela asabukeka emuhle futhi azikho izimpawu ezibonakalayo.Kodwa-ke, uma singenzi noma yikuphi ukuchelela, khona-ke isibonakaliso sokuqala senkinga singase sibe izimpawu ze-micronutrient poisoning emaqabunga.Uma izimpawu zenkinga zibonakala, khona-ke umonakalo othile udalwe.Le ndaba iphinde ibonise ukubaluleka kwezindlela ezihlelekile zokuxazulula izinkinga (Umfanekiso wesi-2).Lapho siqala ukuxazulula inkinga, idolobha elashintsha inqubo yethu yokuhlanza amanzi lalingekho ezingqondweni zethu.Nokho, ngemva kokuphenya ngokucophelela izici zangaphakathi esingakwazi ukuzilawula, sikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kufanele kube isici sangaphandle esingeke sikwazi ukusilawula, futhi sandisa ububanzi bophenyo lwethu.
Christopher is an assistant professor of horticulture in the Department of Horticulture at Iowa State University. ccurrey@iastate.edu
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu buyawohloka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bunyamalala kancane kancane.Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukana kuba okumangalisayo, ngezinye izikhathi kucashile futhi kubonakale.Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungcono kakhulu.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani othile ekushiye noma kungani, noma ubashiyile, yile ndlela osingatha ngayo isimo, okudala umbono ongapheli kanye nenkumbulo yakho nenkampani yakho.Ayikho into eyenza abaphathi bazizwe bengakhululekile njengokucela abasebenzi ukuthi basule noma baxoshwe.Imvamisa, ibhola liyadideka uma kudingekile ukudlulisa imininingwane yokushiya kwamanye amalungu eqembu.
Ukuhamba akuyona into embi.Ngokuvamile kuba ngcono uma isisebenzi sikhetha ukuhamba noma sishiywe abaphathi.Abasebenzi abaphumayo kungenzeka bafuna amathuba angcono abangakwazi ukuwafinyelela nawe, noma ungase uthuthukise izimo zokusebenza kanye nenzuzo ngokususa abantu abangafanele inkampani yakho.Nokho, ukwesula kubonakala kwenza wonke umuntu azizwe engakhululekile futhi kuveza ukungazethembi okubucayi, ikakhulukazi kubaphathi.
Ukuziphatha okuvamile-ukuziphatha kwabaphathi bethu abaningi kunecala esikhathini esithile emisebenzini yethu-okuzenzakalelayo kumazwana angalungile mayelana nokushiya noma ukuhamba.Uma unomlomo mayelana nokushiya noma abasebenzi bangaphambili, yiluphi ulwazi ongaluthumela kubasebenzi bakho bamanje mayelana nawe nenkampani?Uma othile ekushiya, kulula ukugxila emaphutheni omlingiswa wabo, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.Kodwa endaweni yokusebenza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunabantu abaningi abasaxhumana nawe futhi uthemba ukuthi uzobona indlela osebenza ngayo ngaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma abasebenzi abahambayo besebenza kanzima ukwakha impumelelo yenkampani yabo.Ukuziphatha kwakho kuzoba ukubikezela kwabo ukuthi bazokwenzani uma bekhetha ukusula.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, bazise ukuthi uyayazisa ngempela yini imizamo yabasebenzi bamanje.
Umsebenzi wakho uwukukhuthaza ukuzethemba kubasebenzi bakho ngalezi zikhathi;ungabenzi bathuke.Kungenzeka ukuthi awusebenzi noma uxoshwe esikhathini esithile emsebenzini wakho.Kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwele mathupha umuzwa wokwehliswa inani ngabaphathi ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuhamba.Mayelana nokuxhumana, imboni eluhlaza ayikhululekile uma uthanda.Ukubukela phansi okunjalo cishe kuzodluliselwa kuwe noma kusisebenzi esishonile ngokusebenzisa inhlebo yemboni.Lolu hlobo lwenhlebo lushiya ukunambitheka okubi emlonyeni wawo wonke umuntu, futhi akukaze kube yinto enhle esikweni lobudlelwano bebhizinisi nomphakathi.
Yini okufanele uyenze kulesi simo?Okokuqala, khumbula ukuthi imizwa yomuntu siqu ngomufi ayidlali indima ohlelweni lwakho lokuxhumana.Naka amaqiniso.Isivumelwano enixoxa ngaso sokushiya kufanele sihluke kuye ngokuthi umuntu uhamba kanjani.Futhi, sicela ukwenze ngokushesha.Ukulinda isimemezelo sokusula komsebenzi ngokuvamile kuholela ekuhlebeni ukuze uqedele umsebenzi wakho.Lawula ingxoxo.
Uma abasebenzi besula ngokuzithandela ngenxa yezizathu zabo, sicela ubavumele bakumemezele emihlanganweni yeqembu noma emihlanganweni yezisebenzi.Bacele ukuthi bathumele ama-imeyili noma amamemo nabanye abasebenzi abangakwazi ukuya emhlanganweni.Lesi yisinqumo sabo, hhayi esakho, futhi banelungelo lokuhamba noma nini.Kuwo wonke umuntu okusebenzelayo, kuhle ukukuchaza kabusha lokhu ngokungazi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibophezela abasebenzi ukuthi bachaze ngokuqondile ukuthi kungani beshiye futhi baphendule imibuzo ukuze ungathululi isifuba sabo emilonyeni yabo noma wenze izitatimende ezingamanga lapho uhamba.Ngemva kwesimemezelo sabo, umsebenzi wakho ukubabonga ngezinkonzo zabo kanye namagalelo abo eqenjini nasenkampanini.Ngibafisela konke okuhle futhi ngigcine isimo sengqondo esihle ngabo ngaphambi kokuba baqhubekele phambili.
Uma bememezela, kufanele futhi ucacise uhlelo kubo bonke abanye abasebenzi, uchaze ukuthi uhlose ukuvala isikhala somsebenzi noma indlela yokusingatha izibopho zabo, uze wenze njalo.Uma sebehambile, bangaphumi endleleni yokukhomba amaphutha abo, behlise amagalelo abo emsebenzini noma babekezelele ukuphawula okungekuhle kwabanye abasebenzi ngabo.Kuzokwenza ubukeke ungelutho, futhi kuzotshala nembewu enganakile yokungabaza ezingqondweni zabanye abasebenzi.
Uma umuntu kufanele axoshwe ngenxa yokusebenza kabi noma ukwephulwa kwenqubomgomo, kufanele kube nguwe okhiphe isaziso esibhekise kumsebenzi.Kulokhu, sicela uthumele imemo ebhaliwe noma i-imeyili kusisebenzi ukuze unciphise idrama.Mayelana nesikhathi, kufanele wazise ngokushesha noma yibaphi abasebenzi abazothinteka ngokuqondile ngokwesula.Abanye abasebenzi bangaziswa ngosuku olulandelayo lokusebenza.Uma uvumela othile ukuthi ahambe, naka ulimi isaziso esifakwe ngalo.Imane ithi abasebenzi abasasebenzi enkampanini futhi ibafisela okuhle kodwa.
Kungcono ukungangeni emininingwaneni uma udedela othile, nakuba izinga elithile lokubonisa izinto lingadambisa ukwesaba.Esimemezelweni, kufanele ukhuthaze abanye abasebenzi ukuthi baphakamise imibuzo kanye nokukhathazeka mayelana nokusula kuwe.Ngalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukunquma imininingwane enemininingwane ehlobene nomuntu.Uma isisebenzi sivunyelwa ukuthi sephule inqubomgomo ethile, kuhle kakhulu ukuyibuyekeza ngokuqondile nabaphathi nabaphathi ukuze baqonde ukubaluleka kwemfundo yenqubomgomo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye nokubhala imibhalo.
Ukushintsha kunzima, futhi kunzima nakakhulu kwabanye abantu.Ezimweni eziningi, ushintsho luhle.Yamukela izinguquko zabasebenzi enkampanini ngesimo sengqondo sobungcweti nesiqondile, futhi uzoba semgudwini ofanele wokwakha isiko lokwethembana.
U-Leslie (CPH) ungumnikazi we-Halleck Horticultural, LLC, lapho ehlinzeka khona ngokubonisana kwezolimo, amasu ebhizinisi nokumaketha, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo kanye nokwenza uphawu nokudalwa kokuqukethwe kwezinkampani zezimboni eziluhlaza.lesliehalleck.com
U-Regina Coronado, umlimi omkhulu we-Bell Nursery, wehlule isimo esinzima futhi waba umholi wemakethe yezingadi yaseMelika.
Kusukela ekhofini nobhontshisi wesoya kuya kumakhambi nezinongo, kusukela emihlobiso kuya emifino, kuya emihlobiso, uRegina Coronado usekhule cishe zonke.Wasuka emzini wakhe eGuatemala waya eFlorida, eTexas, eGeorgia, eWashington futhi manje eNorth Carolina, wakwenza ezweni lonke.Kusukela ngo-2015, ubelokhu enza umsebenzi wokutshala iBell Nursery lapha.
Njengoba uCoronado engena embonini ye-greenhouse yase-US, kwadingeka anqobe izinselele eziningi futhi abheke amathuba lapho abanye bebona izithiyo kuphela.
“Okokuqala ngingowokufika kuleli.Uma ungowakwelinye izwe, kufanele ukhombise ukuthi unekhono.”U-Coronado uthe uthole i-visa, ngaleso sikhathi okuyikhadi eliluhlaza futhi waba yisakhamuzi saseMelika ngo-2008. "Okwesibili ukuthi lena imboni egcwele abesilisa, ngakho kufanele ube nzima ukuze uphile."
Ngokukhuthazela kwakhe, ukuzinikela kanye nomoya wokuthuthuka ongantengantengi, uCoronado usebunqobile lobu bunzima futhi wadala umsebenzi ophumelelayo embonini ye-greenhouse.
Ehlanganisa uthando lwakhe lwangaphandle nothando lwakhe lwesayensi, u-Coronado uthole iziqu kwezolimo eGuatemala.Lapho eqaphela ukuthi wayeyidlanzana—ngisho nasezweni lakubo, wayesebenza njengochwepheshe waselabhorethri enhlabathini yabatshali bekhofi.
“Kuthe uma umphathi ehamba ngafaka isicelo somsebenzi, ngathi uma ngiya ophikweni lwezabasebenzi bangitshela ukuthi ngihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo kodwa abangivumelanga ukuthi ngibe yinhloko yalabhorethri yenhlabathi ngoba [ ngoba] ngimncane kakhulu, ngingowesifazane,” kusho uCoronado.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, wathola ithuba e-United States.Umuntu othile eGuatemala wathenga inkulisa encane eFlorida, futhi waqasha isazi sezolimo namahlathi ukuba sichithe izinyanga ezintathu lapho ukuze sifunde ibhizinisi le-greenhouse ukuze simsize akhe kabusha indlu ebamba ukushisa eGuatemala.Ngemva kokufika kukaCoronado e-United States, izinyanga ezintathu zaba iminyaka engu-26, futhi isakhula.
Lapho esebenza kuleyo nkulisa, wayevame ukuxhuma i-Speedling.“Ngabona lelo khaya elibamba ukushisa okokuqala, futhi ngacabanga, ‘Hawu, ngifisa sengathi ngingasebenza lapha!’” Kusho uCoronado, owagcina esebenza eSpeedling iminyaka engu-7 njengomlimi omkhulu wemifino eTexas, Bese eGeorgia. .
Lapho, wahlangana noLouis Stacy, umsunguli we-Stacy Greenhouse.Ngolunye usuku, lapho evakashele u-Speedling, washiya ikhadi lakhe lebhizinisi eCoronado futhi wamtshela uma edinga ukumshayela ucingo emsebenzini.Waqala ukumsebenzela eSouth Carolina ngo-2002, lapho afunda khona konke mayelana nezitshalo ezihlala njalo.
“Kimina, ungumeluleki osezingeni eliphezulu,” kusho uCoronado ngoStacey.UStacey ushone ngoJanuwari, eneminyaka engu-81 ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenhlolokhono.“Ngikhumbula konke angifundise kona eminyakeni edlule, njengokuzinikela kwakhe ekwenzeni kahle.Ngempela wafaka igama elithi “ikhwalithi” engqondweni yami ngoba engqondweni yakhe, ukuphela kwendlela esingaqhudelana ngayo nokuncintisana ngezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.”
Lapho u-Stacy ethatha umhlalaphansi, uCoronado wafuna amathuba esifunda saseWashington okusebenza engadini eNyakatho-ntshonalanga, wabe esebuyela empumalanga ukuze ajoyine iBell Nursery.
Njengomlimi oyinhloko weBell Nursery, uCoronado unesibopho sokukhiqiza izitshalo ezikhula njalo.Ihlanganisa indawo engaba amahektha ayi-100 futhi isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezimbili: eyodwa igxile ekutshaleni izimbali ezinemibala efana neminduze, iris, i-dianthus ne-phlox, kanti enye igxile ekutshaleni.Mboza isitshalo kanye ne-jade host.
Wathi: “Ngithanda yonke into engikhule ngayo.”“Kimina ukukhula kuwuthando, futhi nginenhlanhla ukuthi ngikhokhelwe ngokuthanda kwami.”
I-Coronado iqondisa ithimba lokunisela, ithimba elifaka amakhemikhali, kanye nethimba elinakekela izitshalo endaweni ngayinye (eqhelelene ngamamayela angu-40).Usebenza ngokushintshana embonini ngayinye izinsuku ezimbalwa, egxile ekuhloleni nasekulawuleni ikhwalithi.
UCoronado uthe: “Ngizenzela izinto eziningi mina, ngilawula izinga eliphezulu ekubumbeni, ukuthena, ukuhlakula nokuhlukanisa imigqa, ngoba inhloso kaBell ukuthumela izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu esitolo.”“Ngichitha isikhathi esiningi ngihlola amanzi nomhlabathi., Futhi zama ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezintsha namakhemikhali amasha.Ngamanye amazwi, anginaso isikhathi sokudinwa.”
"Kubantu kanye nami, lokhu kungukuqeqeshwa okungapheli," kusho uCoronado.“Ngihlale ngizama ukuhlala nginolwazi lwakamuva, ngoba kimina ukukhula kufana nokuba ngudokotela.Uma usalela emuva, akungilungeli mina noma inkampani ngoba sifuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.”
U-Coronado uzibophezele ekuthuthukiseni yena kanye nabantu abaseduze kwakhe.Lena yindlela yakhe yokubuyisela kulo mkhakha.Njengoba umsebenzi wakhe uthuthuka, imboni yamukelwe ngemfudumalo futhi yasizwa nguye.
“Ngijabule kakhulu ukuthola ithuba lokuza e-United States,” kusho uCoronado, obuyela eGuatemala minyaka yonke.“Lapho ngifika e-United States, ukuphila kwami ​​kwakunzima kakhulu, kodwa bekulokhu kuyisibusiso sami ukuba lapha.Ngikholwa ukuthi uma ithuba likhona, kumele ngilizame.Kwesinye isikhathi ithuba lizofika kanye kuphela, uma ngingalibambi ithuba, Liyolahleka ithuba.”