Ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi obukhulu ezisetshenziswa emakati nasezinjeni ukubulala amazeze zifaka ushevu emifuleni yaseNgilandi.Ososayensi bathi lokhu kutholakala “kuhlobene kakhulu” nezinambuzane zasemanzini nezinhlanzi nezinyoni ezithembele kuzo, futhi balindele ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ezungezile.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kumasampula angama-99% asuka emifuleni engama-20, okuqukethwe kwe-fipronil kwakuphezulu, futhi okuqukethwe okumaphakathi komkhiqizo wokubola kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi kwakuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-38 kunomkhawulo wokuphepha.I-fenoxtone etholakala emfuleni kanye nenye i-nerve agent ebizwa ngokuthi imidacloprid ivinjelwe emapulazini iminyaka eminingi.
Cishe kunezinja eziyizigidi eziyi-10 namakati ayizigidi eziyi-11 e-UK, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-80% wabantu bazothola ukwelashwa kwezeze (noma ngabe kuyadingeka noma cha).Abacwaningi bathi ukusetshenziswa kwempumputhe kwe-flea therapy akunconywa, futhi imithetho emisha iyadingeka.Njengamanje, ukwelashwa kwamazeze kuvunyiwe ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokulimala kwemvelo.
URosemary Perkins waseNyuvesi yaseSussex, owayephethe ucwaningo, uthe: “I-Fipronil ingenye yemikhiqizo yezeze esetshenziswa kakhulu.Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi lingehliswa libe yizinambuzane eziningi kune-fipronil ngokwayo.Izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi ezengeziwe.”"Imiphumela yethu ikhathaza kakhulu."
UDave Goulson, oyilungu leqembu labacwaningi naye e-University of Sussex, wathi: “Angikholwa ngokugcwele ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane zivame kangaka.Imifula yethu ivamise ukungcoliswa yila makhemikhali amabili isikhathi eside..
Wathi: “Inkinga iwukuthi la makhemikhali asebenza kahle kakhulu,” ngisho nasezintweni ezincane.“Sithemba ukuthi zizoba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yezinambuzane emfuleni.”Uthe isibulala-zinambuzane esisebenzisa imidacloprid ukwelapha amazeze ezinjeni ezisezingeni eliphakathi sanele ukubulala izinyosi eziyizigidi ezingu-60.
Umbiko wokuqala wamazinga aphezulu we-neonicotinoids (njenge-imidacloprid) emifuleni wenziwa yiqembu lokulondoloza i-Buglife ngo-2017, nakuba ucwaningo lungazange lufake i-fipronil.Izinambuzane zasemanzini zingenwa kalula ama-neonicotinoids.Ukuhlola okwenziwa eNetherlands kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwemizila yamanzi isikhathi eside kuye kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani lezinambuzane nezinyoni.Ngenxa yokunye ukungcola okuvela emapulazini kanye nendle, izinambuzane zasemanzini nazo ziyancipha, futhi kuphela i-14% yemifula yaseBrithani enempilo enhle yemvelo.
Ucwaningo olusha, olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Comprehensive Environmental Science, luhlanganisa cishe ukuhlaziya okuyi-4,000 kwamasampula aqoqwe yi-Environmental Agency emifuleni engama-20 yaseBrithani phakathi kuka-2016-18.Lezi zisukela ekuhlolweni komfula eHamphire kuya eMfuleni i-Edene eCumbria.
I-Fipronil itholwe kumasampula angama-99%, futhi umkhiqizo wokubola oyingozi kakhulu i-Fipronil sulfone yatholwa kumasampula angama-97%.Isilinganiso sokuhlushwa siyizikhathi ezi-5 futhi izikhathi ezingama-38 ziphakeme kunomkhawulo wobuthi obungapheli, ngokulandelana.Ayikho imingcele esemthethweni kulawa makhemikhali e-UK, ngakho ososayensi basebenzisa umbiko wokuhlola we-2017 okhiqizwe Ibhodi Lokulawula Ikhwalithi Yamanzi YaseCalifornia.I-Imidacloprid itholwe kumasampula angama-66%, kanti umkhawulo wobuthi weqiwe emifuleni eyi-7 kwengama-20.
I-Fipronil yayivinjelwe ukusetshenziswa emapulazini ngo-2017, kodwa yayingavamile ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kwalokho.I-Imidacloprid yavalwa ngo-2018 futhi ibingavamile ukusetshenziswa eminyakeni yamuva nje.Abacwaningi bathola amazinga aphezulu kakhulu ezibulala-zinambuzane ezansi nomfula, okubonisa ukuthi izindawo zasemadolobheni ziwumthombo oyinhloko, hhayi amapulazi.
Njengoba sonke sazi, ukugeza izilwane ezifuywayo kungafaka i-fipronil epayipini lendle bese ingena emfuleni, futhi izinja ezibhukuda emfuleni zinikeza enye indlela yokungcola.UGulson uthe: “Kumelwe ukuba lokhu kuwukwelashwa kwezizeze okubangele ukungcola.”"Empeleni, awukho omunye umthombo ongawucabanga."
E-UK, kunemikhiqizo yezilwane enelayisensi engu-66 equkethe i-fipronil kanye nemithi yezilwane engu-21 equkethe imidacloprid, eminingi yayo ethengiswa ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-flea kuyadingeka, izilwane ezifuywayo eziningi ziphathwa njalo ngenyanga.
Ososayensi bathi lokhu kumele kubhekwe kabusha, ikakhulukazi ebusika lapho amazeze engajwayelekile.Bathe kufanele kubhekwe nemithetho emisha, efana nokudinga imiyalelo kanye nokuhlola ubungozi bemvelo ngaphambi kokugunyazwa ukuthi isetshenziswe.
"Uma uqala ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezibulala-zinambuzane ngezinga elikhulu, kuvame ukuba nemiphumela engahlosiwe," kusho uGulson.Ngokusobala, kukhona okungahambanga kahle.Ayikho inqubo yokulawula yale ngozi ethile, futhi kufanele yenziwe ngokusobala.”
UMat Shardlow weBuglife uthe: “Sekudlule iminyaka emithathu saqala ukugcizelela ukulimala kokwelashwa kwamazeze ezilwaneni zasendle, futhi akukho zinyathelo zokulawula ezithathiwe.Ukungcoliswa okubi nokudlulele kwe-fipronil kuyo yonke imithombo yamanzi kuyashaqisa, futhi uhulumeni udinga ukukuvala ngokushesha.Sebenzisa i-fipronil ne-imidacloprid njengokwelashwa kwamazeze.”Uthe amathani amaningana alezi zibulala-zinambuzane asetshenziswa ezifuyweni minyaka yonke.