Izibulala-zinambuzane ziyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane, okuhlanganisa izinambuzane, amagundane, isikhunta nezitshalo eziyingozi (ukhula).Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibuye zisetshenziswe empilweni yomphakathi ukubulala amagciwane ezifo ezifana nomiyane.Ngenxa yokuthi zingadala ubuthi obungaba khona kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa nabantu, izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuphepha futhi ziphathwe ngendlela efanele1.
Emsebenzini, ukuchayeka ezibulala-zinambuzane ekhaya noma engadini kungase kuphumele ekuchayekeni ezibulala-zinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo ngokudla okungcolile.I-WHO ibuyekeza ubufakazi bese ibeka imingcele yezinsalela eqashelwa umhlaba wonke ukuze ivikele abantu ezingozini zezempilo ezingaba khona ezibangelwa izibulala-zinambuzane.2
I-reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhlangana kwezithako ezisebenzayo kuzibulala-zinambuzane.Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-chromatography ludinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinyibilikisi ezinobuthi, futhi ludla isikhathi futhi ama-opharetha aqeqeshwe kahle, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile.Ukusebenzisa okubonakalayo eduze kwe-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) esikhundleni se-HPLC kungonga isikhathi nemali.
Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphumelela kokusebenzisa i-Vis-NIRS esikhundleni se-HPLC, amasampula ezibulala-zinambuzane angama-24-37 anokugxiliswa kwenhlanganisela okusebenzayo okwaziwayo alungiswa: i-abamectin EC, i-amimectin EC, i-cyfluthrin EC, i-cypermethrin, ne-glyphosate.Hlola ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinguquko.Idatha ye-Spectral namanani ereferensi.
I-NIRS RapidLiquid analyzer isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-spectrum yalo lonke uhla lwamaza amaza (400-2500 nm).Isampula ifakwa ebhodleleni lengilazi elilahlwayo elinobubanzi obungu-4 mm.Isofthiwe ye-Vision Air 2.0 Complete isetshenziselwa ukuqoqwa nokuphathwa kwedatha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendlela yobuningi.Ukuhlehla kwezikwele eziyingxenye encane (PLS) kwenziwa kusampula ngayinye ehlaziyiweyo, futhi ukuqinisekiswa okuphambene kwangaphakathi (shiya okukodwa ngaphandle) kwasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwemodeli yobuningi etholwe phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwendlela.
Umfanekiso 1. I-NIRS XDS RapidLiquid analyzer isetshenziselwa ukuthola idatha ye-spectral kulo lonke uhla lwama-400 nm kuya ku-2500 nm.
Ukuze kulinganiswe inhlanganisela ngayinye yesibulala-zinambuzane, kwasungulwa imodeli esebenzisa izici ezimbili, ngephutha elijwayelekile lokulinganisa (SEC) lika-0.05% kanye nephutha elijwayelekile lokuqinisekisa (SECV) elingu-0.06%.Kunhlanganisela ngayinye esebenzayo, amanani e-R2 phakathi kwevelu yesithenjwa enikeziwe kanye nenani elibaliwe angu-0.9946, 0.9911, 0.9912, 0.0052, kanye no-0.9952, ngokulandelanayo.
Umfanekiso 2. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yamasampula ezibulala-zinambuzane ayi-18 anokugxila kwe-abamectin phakathi kuka-1.8% no-3.8%.
Umfanekiso 3. Igrafu yokuhlobana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-abamectin okubikezelwe i-Vis-NIRS kanye nenani lesithenjwa elihlolwe yi-HPLC.
Umfanekiso 4. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yamasampula ezibulala-zinambuzane angama-35, lapho uhla lokuhlushwa lwe-amomycin luyi-1.5-3.5%.
Umfanekiso 5. Igrafu yokuhlobana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-amimectin okubikezelwe i-Vis-NIRS kanye nenani lesithenjwa elihlolwe yi-HPLC.
Umfanekiso 6. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yamasampula e-pesticides angu-24 ane-cyfluthrin concentrations of 2.3–4.2%.
Umfanekiso 7. Igrafu yokuhlobana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-cyfluthrin okubikezelwe i-Vis-NIRS kanye nenani lesithenjwa elihlolwe yi-HPLC.
Umfanekiso 8. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yamasampula e-pesticide angama-27 ane-cypermethrin concentration engu-4.0-5.8%.
Umfanekiso 9. Igrafu yokuhlobana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-cypermethrin okubikezelwe i-Vis-NIRS kanye nenani lesithenjwa elihlolwe yi-HPLC.
Umfanekiso 10. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yamasampula e-pesticide angama-33 ane-glyphosate concentration engu-21.0-40.5%.
Umfanekiso 11. Igrafu yokuhlobana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-glyphosate okubikezelwe i-Vis-NIRS kanye nenani lesithenjwa elihlolwe yi-HPLC.
Lawa manani aphezulu okuhlobana phakathi kwevelu eyireferensi kanye nenani elibalwe kusetshenziswa i-Vis-NIRS abonisa ukuthi iyindlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu neshesha kakhulu yokulawula ikhwalithi yezibulala-zinambuzane uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela evamile esetshenziswa i-HPLC.Ngakho-ke, i-Vis-NIRS ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela ye-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kuhlaziywe isibulala-zinambuzane futhi kungonga isikhathi nemali.
I-Metrohm (2020, Meyi 16).Ukuhlaziywa kokulinganisa kwezithako ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kuzibulala-zinambuzane ngokukhanya okubonakalayo eduze kwe-infrared spectroscopy.AZoM.Kubuyiswe kusukela ku-https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=17683 ngo-December 16, 2020.
I-Metrohm “ilinganise izithako ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kuzibulala-zinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-spectroscopy ebonakalayo neseduze ne-infrared.”AZoM.Disemba 16, 2020. .
I-Metrohm “ilinganise izithako ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kuzibulala-zinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-spectroscopy ebonakalayo neseduze ne-infrared.”AZoM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=17683.(Kufinyelelwe ngoDisemba 16, 2020).
I-Metrohm Corporation ngo-2020. Ukuhlaziywa kokulinganisa kwezithako ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo kwizibulala-zinambuzane kwenziwa nge-spectroscopy ebonakalayo neseduze ne-infrared.I-AZoM, ibukwe ngoDisemba 16, 2020, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?I-ArticleID = 17683.
Kule ngxoxo, uSimon Taylor, uMphathi Wezokumaketha we-Mettler-Toledo GmbH, ukhulume ngendlela yokuthuthukisa ucwaningo lwebhethri, ukukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngokusebenzisa i-titration.
Kule ngxoxo, i-AZoM kanye ne-CEO kanye nonjiniyela omkhulu u-Ed Bullard kanye no-Martin Lewis bakhulume nge-Scintacor, imikhiqizo yenkampani, amakhono, kanye nombono wekusasa.
U-CEO we-Bcomp u-Christian Fischer uxoxe ne-AZoM ngokubamba iqhaza okubalulekile kukaMcLaren ku-Formula One.Inkampani isize ukuthuthukisa izihlalo zemijaho eyinhlanganisela yefiber yemvelo, enanela isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe esimeme kakhulu embonini yezemijaho neyezimoto.
Uchungechunge lwe-Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc.'s FlowCam®8000 lusetshenziselwa ukuthwebula kwedijithali ne-microscope.
I-ZwickRoell ikhiqiza imishini yokuhlola ubulukhuni ehlukahlukene yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.Izinsimbi zabo zisebenziseka kalula, zinamandla futhi zinamandla.
Hlola i-Zetasizer Labs-usayizi wezinhlayiyana wezinga lokungena kanye nesihlaziyi esingaba se-zeta esinezici ezithuthukisiwe.
Sisebenzisa amakhukhi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho.Ngokuqhubeka nokuphequlula le webhusayithi, uyavumelana nokusebenzisa kwethu amakhukhi.Ulwazi olwengeziwe.