Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (PGRs), eyaziwa nangokuthi amahomoni ezitshalo, ayizinto zamakhemikhali ezithinta kakhulu ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo.Lezi zinhlanganisela zingase zenzeke ngokwemvelo noma zikhiqizwe ngokwenziwa ukuze zilingise noma zibe nomthelela kumahomoni ezitshalo zemvelo.

 

Imisebenzi Nokubaluleka Kwezilawuli Zokukhula Kwezitshalo

I-PGR ilawula i-spectrum ebanzi yezinqubo zomzimba ezitshalweni, okuhlanganisa:

Ukwahlukaniswa Kweseli kanye Nokwelulwa: Alawula izinga lokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli nokwelulwa, okunomthelela ngokuqondile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kukonke.
Umehluko: I-PGR isiza ekuthuthukisweni kwamaseli abe yizicubu nezitho ezahlukahlukene.
I-Dormancy and Germination: Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuthweni kwembewu nasezinqubweni zokuhluma.
Ukuqhakaza Nezithelo: I-PGR ilawula isikhathi nokwakheka kwezimbali nezithelo.
Ukusabela Ekushukunyisweni Kwemvelo: Kwenza izitshalo ukuthi zikwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko zemvelo ezifana nokukhanya, amandla adonsela phansi, kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi.
Izimpendulo Zengcindezi: I-PGR isiza izitshalo ukuthi zibhekane nezimo zengcindezi njengesomiso, usawoti, nokuhlasela kwe-pathogen.

 

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezilawuli Zokukhula Kwezitshalo:

Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo kanye ne-horticulture.Zithuthukisa noma ziguqule ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno sezitshalo, ikhwalithi, nokumelana nengcindezi.Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa:

Ukukhuthaza Ukukhula Kwezimpande: Ama-Auxin asetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande ekusikeni.
Ukulawula Ukuvuthwa Kwezithelo: I-ethylene isetshenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukuvuthwa kwesithelo.
Ukwandisa Isivuno Sezitshalo: I-Gibberellins ingasetshenziswa ukwandisa usayizi wezithelo nemifino.
Ukulawula Usayizi Wezitshalo: Ama-PGR athile asetshenziselwa ukulawula usayizi wezitshalo zokuhlobisa kanye nezitshalo, okuzenza zilawuleke.

 

Izinhlobo Zezilawuli Zokukhula Kwezitshalo:

Kunezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo:

Ama-Auxins: Khuthaza ukunwebeka kwesiqu, ukukhula kwezimpande, nokuhlukaniswa.Bahileleke ekuphenduleni ukukhanya namandla adonsela phansi.
I-Gibberellins (GA): Khuthaza ukunwebeka kwesiqu, ukuhluma kwembewu, nokuqhakaza.
Ama-Cytokinins: Khuthaza ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokwakheka kwamahlumela, futhi alibazise ukuvela kwamaqabunga.
I-Ethylene: Ithonya ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, ukubola kwembali, nokuwa kwamaqabunga;iphinde iphendule ezimweni zokucindezeleka.
I-Abscisic Acid (ABA): Ivimbela ukukhula futhi ikhuthaze ukulala kwembewu;isiza izitshalo ukuthi ziphendule ezimeni zengcindezi njengesomiso.

 

Izilawuli Zokukhula Kwezitshalo Ezisetshenziswa Kakhulu:

I-Brassinolide
Umsebenzi: I-Brassinolide iwuhlobo lwe-brassinosteroid, ikilasi lamahomoni ezitshalo akhuthaza ukwanda kwamangqamuzana nokwelulwa, athuthukise ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwemvelo, futhi athuthukise ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo kukonke.
Izicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa isivuno nekhwalithi yezitshalo, yandise ukumelana namagciwane, futhi ithuthukise ukukhula kwezitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka.

I-Cloruro de Mepiquat (Mepiquat Chloride)
Umsebenzi: I-Mepiquat chloride iyisilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo esivimbela i-gibberellin biosynthesis, okuholela ekwehleni kwesiqu kanye nokukhula kwesitshalo okuhlangene.
Izicelo: Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukotini ukulawula ubude besitshalo, ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlala (ukuwa), kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwebholi.Kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna kanye nesivuno.

I-Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
Umsebenzi: I-Gibberellic acid iyi-hormone yesitshalo ekhuthaza ukukhula kwesiqu, ukuhluma kwembewu, ukuqhakaza, nokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo.
Izicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukunqamula ukuvuthwa kwembewu, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo ezincane, ikhulise usayizi wezithelo kumagilebhisi namawolintshi, futhi ithuthukise izinga lokukhula kwebhali.

I-Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)
Umsebenzi: I-Indole-3-acetic acid iyi-auxin eyenzeka ngokwemvelo elawula izici ezihlukahlukene zokukhula kwesitshalo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukana kwamaseli, ukunwetshwa, nokuhlukaniswa.
Izicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande ekusikeni, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwezithelo, nokulawula amaphethini okukhula ezitshalweni.Ibuye isetshenziswe emasikweni ezicubu ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuhlukana kwamaseli nokukhula.

I-Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)
Umsebenzi: I-Indole-3-butyric acid ingolunye uhlobo lwe-auxin olusebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuqaliswa kwezimpande nokuthuthuka.
Izicelo: Evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-hormone yokukhula kwezimpande ku-horticulture ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande ekusikeni kwezitshalo.Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusungulwa kwezitshalo ezitshalwe kabusha kanye nokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezimpande ezinhlelweni ze-hydroponic.

Ukuphepha Kwezilawuli Zokukhula Kwezitshalo:

Ukuphepha kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo kuncike ohlotsheni lwazo, ukugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nendlela yokufaka isicelo.Ngokuvamile, uma esetshenziswa ngokweziqondiso nezincomo, ama-PGR aphephile ezitshalweni nakubantu.Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi:

I-Phytotoxicity: Ukusebenzisa imithamo eyeqile kungalimaza izitshalo, kubangele ukukhula okungavamile noma ngisho nokufa.
Umthelela Wendawo: Ukugeleza okuqukethe ama-PGR kungathinta izitshalo ezingahlosiwe kanye nama-microorganisms.
Impilo Yomuntu: Ukuphatha ngendlela efanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela kubalulekile ukugwema ubungozi obungaba khona empilweni yabantu.
Izindikimba ezilawulayo ezifana ne-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e-United States kanye nezinhlangano ezifanayo emhlabeni wonke zengamela ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwama-PGR ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awenzi ubungozi obukhulu lapho esetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

 

Isiphetho:

Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingamathuluzi abalulekile kwezolimo zesimanje kanye ne-horticulture, zisiza ekulawuleni nasekuthuthukiseni ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo.Uma zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezifana nokwanda kwesivuno, ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe, nokumelana nokucindezeleka okungcono.Nokho, ukuphatha ngokucophelela kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela engemihle engaba khona ezitshalweni, endaweni ezungezile, nempilo yabantu.