I-University of Pennsylvania Park-Ithimba labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe lathi izinsikazi zase-Asia ezinezimpondo ezinde zibeka imikhondo ye-pheromone eqondene nobulili phezu kwesihlahla ukuze zihehe abesilisa endaweni yabo.Lokhu kutholakala kungase kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwethuluzi lokulawula lesi zinambuzane esihlaselayo, esithinta cishe izinhlobo zezihlahla ezingu-25 e-United States.
UKelly Hoover, uprofesa wesayensi yezinambuzane ePenn State University, wathi: “Ngenxa yamabhungane ase-Asia anezimpondo ezinde, kuye kwagawulwa izinkulungwane zezihlahla zokhuni oluqinile eNew York, e-Ohio, naseMassachusetts, iningi lazo eliwumqaphi.”“Sikutholile lokhu.I-Pheromone ekhiqizwa abesifazane balolu hlobo ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane.”
Abacwaningi bahlukanisa futhi bahlonza amakhemikhali amane avela emithonjeni yamabhungane ase-Asia anezimpondo ezinde kanye nokukhwelana (i-Anoplophora glabripennis), akukho neyodwa yawo eyatholwa emithonjeni yabesilisa.Bathole ukuthi umzila we-pheromone uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu-2-methyldocosane kanye (Z) -9-triecosene-nezingxenye ezimbili ezincane-(Z) -9-pentatriene kanye (Z) -7-pentatriene.Ithimba locwaningo liphinde lathola ukuthi isampula yonyawo ngalunye iqukethe zone zalezi zingxenye zamakhemikhali, nakuba izilinganiso namanani azohluka kuye ngokuthi owesifazane uyintombi nto noma uganile kanye neminyaka yowesifazane.
Sithole ukuthi abesifazane bakudala babengeke baqale ukukhiqiza inani elanele lengxube ye-pheromone elungile—okungukuthi, isilinganiso esifanele samakhemikhali amane komunye nomunye—kuze kube yilapho sebenezinsuku ezingaba ngu-20 ubudala, okuhambisana nesikhathi lapho sebevundile,” uHoover. wathi “Ngemva kokuba insikazi iphume esihlahleni sePhyllostachys, kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili ukudla emagatsheni namaqabunga ngaphambi kokuzalela amaqanda.
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi lapho ezinsikazi zikhiqiza isilinganiso esifanele nenani le-pheromone futhi ziwabeka endaweni ezihamba phezu kwawo, okubonisa ukuthi zivundile, kuzofika abesilisa.
UHoover wathi: “Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi nakuba i-pheromone idonsa amadoda, iyazixosha izintombi.”"Lokhu kungaba yindlela yokusiza abesifazane ukuthi bagweme ukuqhudelana nabalingani."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili bazoqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-pheromone yomsila ngemva kokuhlangana, abakholelwa ukuthi kunenzuzo kokubili amadoda nabesifazane.Ngokusho kososayensi, ngokuqhubeka nokukhiqiza ama-pheromone ngemva kokukhwelana, ezinsikazi zingakwazi ukunxenxa yona eyeduna ukuba iphinde ihlangane, noma yenze amanye amaduna ukuba ahlangane nawo.
UMelody Keener, isazi sezinambuzane esicwaningayo eNorthern Research Station yeForest Service yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States, wathi: “Abesifazane bazozuza ngokukhwelana kaningi, futhi bangase bazuze ngokuhlangana nowesilisa isikhathi eside ngoba lezi zindlela zokuziphatha. ukwanda.Amathuba okuthi amaqanda ayo avundile.”
Ngokuphambene, owesilisa uyazuza ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kusetshenziswa isidoda sakhe kuphela ukuvundisa iqanda lowesifazane, ukuze ufuzo lwakhe kuphela ludlulele esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
UHoover uthe: “Manje, sinolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nochungechunge lwezindlela zokuziphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezimpawu zamakhemikhali nezibonwayo nezimpawu ezisiza abangane bomshado ukuba bathole futhi basize abesilisa ukuba baphinde bathole abesifazane esihlahleni ukuze bazivikele kwabanye.Ukuhlukunyezwa ngabesilisa.”
U-Zhang Aijun, usokhemisi ocwaninga eMnyangweni WezoLimo Wezocwaningo Lwezolimo e-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, I-Invasive Insect Biological Control and Behavior Laboratory, uthe zozine izingxenye ze-pheromone zokuvuka sezihlanganisiwe futhi zahlolwa elabhorethri bioassays .I-synthetic trace pheromone ingase ibe usizo ekusebenzelaneni namabhungane ahlaselayo ensimini.U-Zhang wahlukanisa, wahlonza futhi wahlanganisa i-pheromone.
UHoover wathi: “Uhlobo lwe-pheromone yokwenziwa lungase lusetshenziswe luhlanganiswe nesikhunta esibangela izinambuzane, futhi u-Ann Hajek uyalufunda eNyuvesi yaseCornell.”“Lesi sikhunta singafuthwa.Ezihlahleni, lapho amabhungane ehamba phezu kwazo, azomunca futhi atheleleke futhi abulale isikhunta.Ngokusebenzisa ama-pheromone asetshenziswa amabhungane esifazane ukuze ahehe abesilisa, singakwazi ukunxenxa amabhungane angamaduna ukuba awabulale.Ama-fungicides abulalayo esikhundleni sabesifazane abacebile.
Ithimba lihlela ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngokuzama ukuthola ukuthi i-estrogen ikhiqizwa kuphi emzimbeni womuntu, ukuthi owesilisa angakwazi kanjani ukubona i-pheromone, ukuthi i-pheromone isengatholwa isikhathi esingakanani esihlahleni, nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukulamula okunye ukuziphatha ezinye izindlela.I-pheromone.Lawa makhemikhali.
Umnyango Wezolimo wase-United States, Isevisi Yokucwaninga Kwezolimo, Inkonzo Yamahlathi;I-Alphawood Foundation;I-Horticultural Research Institute isekele lolu cwaningo.
Abanye ababhali baleli phepha bahlanganisa uMaya Nehme waseLebanon University;Peter Meng, umfundi oneziqu ze-entomology e-Pennsylvania State University;kanye noWang Shifa waseNanjing Forestry University.
Ibhungane le-Asian longhorn lidabuka e-Asia futhi libhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu komthunzi wenani eliphezulu kanye nezinhlobo zezihlahla zokhuni.Ebangeni elethulwe e-United States, ikhetha ama-maple.
Izibhungane zesifazane zase-Asia zingazuza ngokukhwelana kaningi noma ukukhwelana neduna isikhathi eside, ngoba lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zandisa amathuba okuba amaqanda azo avunde.