Ukuze kukhule ukhula, abalimi basebenzisa amathuluzi nezindlela ezahlukahlukene.Ngokuqonda amandla kanye nobuthakathaka bethuluzi ngalinye, abalimi bangenza izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu zemisebenzi yabo ukuze bagweme ukhula olubi.
Elinye ithuluzi abalimi abangalisebenzisa ukulawula ukhula ukusebenzisa ama-herbicides.Ucwaningo olusha lusisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono umuthi othize wokubulala ukhula: i-r-toluene.
I-Ruridane ingenye yemithi yokubulala ukhula esetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States.Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukhula ezitshalweni ezifana nommbila, amabele, umoba kanye ne-turf.Ikhemikhali ibulala ukhula ngokuvimbela i-photosynthesis ezitshalweni.
Njengemithi yokubulala ukhula esetshenziswa e-dejin, inzuzo ukuthi inganciphisa isidingo sokutshala.Ngaphezu kokuthinta impilo yomhlabathi, ukulima kungandisa nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi eyigugu.Ukunciphisa ukulima kuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi kugcina isakhiwo senhlabathi esinempilo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikela inhlabathi yethu.
Ngemva kokuba ikhemikhali isetshenziswe ensimini, i-atrazine ibola emhlabathini ibe enye inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-desethylatrazine (DEA).Lokhu kuyinto enhle ngoba i-DEA ayinabo ubuthi obuncane ezintweni eziphila emanzini kune-atrazine.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-at to Tianjin kuye kwehla.Kodwa-ke, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-atrazine kwehlile, ukugxila kwe-DEA ye-axiliary compound kuye kwanda.
U-Ryberg, osebenza e-US Geological Survey, ufuna ukunquma ezinye izici ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ezithinta inkambiso yokugxila kokubulala ukhula emifudlaneni.
Ukuguqulwa okuvame kakhulu kwe-atrazine ku-DEA kungokwenziwa amagciwane enhlabathini-njengesikhunta namagciwane.Ngakho-ke, lapho i-atrazine ixhumana kakhulu nama-microorganisms enhlabathini, izinga lokubola liyashesha.
"Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini, sibikezele izici ezithinta ukugxilwa kokunciphisa emifudlaneni," kusho uRyberg.“Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindawo ezinamanzi, isimo sezulu, isimo sezulu kanye nezindawo zokutshala ummbila ezindleleni zokuphatha.”
“Ocwaningweni lwethu, sisebenzise imininingwane ekhona ebihlanganisa izifunda eziningi zezwe kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2012,” kuchaza uRyberg.Bese, sebenzisa imodeli ukuze uhlaziye idatha futhi uhlole izibikezelo zethimba zezimbangela zamathrendi ku-r kanye ne-DEA.
Ngawo-1990, imithethonqubo emisha yaxazulula inkinga yokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphezulu.Le mithetho yehlise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwesabelomali ezitshalweni, yaze yavala nokusetshenziswa kwesabelomali eduze kwemithombo.Inhloso ukunciphisa ukugcwala okuphelele kokuncipha kwamanzi.
URyberg uthe: "Ukugxilisa ingqondo nokusebenzisana kukhombisa ukuthi imithetho yesikhathi esedlule yokususa umoya, ikakhulukazi eMidwest, iphumelele.""I-degassing eyengeziwe ihlehlisiwe ku-DEA ngaphambi kokuthi ingene emfudlaneni."
Nakuba izindawo ezitshalwe ummbila zanda phakathi kuka-2002 no-2012, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-atrazine kwehlile ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-United States.
Ucwaningo lukaRyberg luphinde lwathola ukuthi ezindaweni ezomile lapho kungenamanzi ama-tile, ukuguqulwa kwe-atrazine kuyashesha.Amapayipi okukhipha amathayela angafakwa ngaphansi komhlaba emapulazini ukusiza amanzi ageleze futhi avimbele izikhukhula.Imisele yamathayili ifana nemisele yemvula emapulazini.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-drain ama-tile angasiza amanzi asensimini ukuthi ageleze ngokushesha ngamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi anesikhathi esincane sokuxhumana nomhlabathi.Ngakho-ke, ama-microorganisms enhlabathini adinga isikhathi esincane ukuze akhiphe amanzi ku-DEA awayise emifudlaneni eseduze ngaphambi kokuba amanzi abole i-atrazine ibe yi-DEA.
Lokhu okutholakele kusho ukuthi izinga lokuya e-Tianjin lingabhekana nezinselelo eziningi ngokuzayo.Njengoba abalimi belindele ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zensimu emanzi, ukuze kukhule izitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zenhlabathi, kungase kudingeke imishini eyengeziwe yokukhipha amathayili.
Uma ibheka ikusasa, iRyberg inethemba lokuqapha izibulala-zinambuzane ngalesi sisekelo.URyberg wachaza: “Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuwohloka nokuthutha kwezibulala-zinambuzane.”
Abalimi bazoqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo, okuhlanganisa nemiphakathi yokhula.Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuzoshintsha, futhi ukuqapha izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha noma ingxube yezibulala-zinambuzane endaweni kuyinselele eqhubekayo.
Izinto ezihlinzekwa yi-American Academy of Agronomy.Qaphela: Ungahlela isitayela nobude bokuqukethwe.
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