Benjamin Phillips, Michigan State University Extension;kanye no-Mary Mary Hausbeck, uMnyango Wezezitshalo, Umhlabathi kanye Nesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo, i-MSU-Meyi 1, 2019
I-Chlorothalonil (i-Bravo / Echo / Equus) iyisibulala-sikhunta i-FRAC M5, eyaziwa ngokusebenziseka kalula njengomkhiqizo ozimele wodwa noma njengomngane wokuxuba ithangi, futhi ingavimbela amagciwane amaningi emifino.Ezinye izibonelo zemithi yokukhunta i-chlorothalonil esetshenziselwa ukulawula izifo ihlanganisa ukubola kweqabunga le-tomato ryegrass kanye nokubola kwezithelo, ukubola okuphuzile kukatamatisi, ukubola kwezithelo ezivuthiwe zikatamatisi i-anthracnose, i-cercospora kanye/noma iqabunga elinsundu kanye ne-celery petiole blight , i-Alternaria alternata kanye nokusika amaqabunga e-cercospora ne-petiole izaqathe, amabala ku-asparagusi emhlophe, amabala ansomi ku-anyanisi, u-garlic namaliki, kanye ne-Alternaria alternata kukhukhamba, amathanga, amathanga namakhabe.Ngaphezu kwalezi zibonelo zezifo, i-chlorothalonil iphinde isebenze njengozakwethu obalulekile wengxube yethangi futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesibulala-sikhunta ngokumelene ne-downy mildew.Ngenxa yezindlela zayo eziningi zokwenza, umkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe nangokulandelana.
Ngezikhathi zokushoda, amanye ama-fungicides angasetshenziswa, futhi amanye ama-fungicides angakhethwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitshalo zemifino zivikelekile.I-Michigan State University Extension Department incoma ukuthi unake ikhodi ye-FRAC uma unquma ukusebenzisa esinye isibulala-sikhunta esibanzi.
IMancozeb itholakala njengeManzate noma iDithane.Iwumuthi wokukhunta obanzi we-FRAC M3 onemiphumela efanayo ne-chlorothalonil.Ingasetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa izikhala eziningi ezingase zidale izinkinga ngenxa yokushoda kwe-chlorothalonil.Ngeshwa, ilebula ye-mancozeb ayinalo ulwazi lokubhaliswa kwezitshalo, okuhlanganisa amahlumela aseBrussels, izaqathi, i-broccoli, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi namaliki.Ngokufanayo, isikhawu sangaphambi kokuvuna komango yizinsuku ezi-5 uma kuqhathaniswa, okungenza kube nzima ukusetshenziselwa izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha nezivunwa kaningi njengekhukhamba, isikwashi sasehlobo kanye nesakwashi sasehlobo.Ngenxa yezindlela zawo eziningi zokwenza, umkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe nangokulandelana, kodwa okunye ukwakheka kungasetshenziswa kuphela ku-asparagus izikhathi ezine kakhulu kanye nezilimo zomvini ezisetshenziswa eziyisishiyagalombili kakhulu.
I-switchch iyisibulala-sikhunta esine-spectrum esibanzi esiyinhlanganisela ye-fludemonil (FRAC 9) ne-ciprodinil (FRAC 12).Isebenza ngokumelene ne-Alternaria leaf blight kwizaqathi, i-Alternaria leaf spots ku-broccoli, amahlumela aseBrussels, iklabishi kanye ne-cauliflower, i-crater rot ku-celery, namabala ansomi ku-anyanisi.Inesikhawu sesikhathi sangaphambi kokuvuna esiqhathaniswa nese-chlorothalonil.Ekudlwengulweni, izaqathe, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi no-anyanisi, i-chlorothalonil ingangena esikhundleni se-chlorothalonil.Ilebula layo lilinganiselwe emifino enamaqabunga nemifino yezimpande.Ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-Switch kabili, sicela uyijikelezise njengesibulala-sikhunta esimela enye ikhodi ye-FRAC, bese uyisebenzisa futhi.
I-Scala isibulala-sikhunta esine-spectrum esibanzi esenziwe nge-azoxystrobin (FRAC 9).Ayinawo amalebula okudlwengula, imivini, ne-asparagus.Kodwa-ke, ingathatha indawo yamabala ansomi kugalikhi, amaliki kanye no-anyanisi.Inesikhawu sangemva kokuvuna esifana ne-chlorothalonil.
I-Tanos iyi-spectrum ebanzi, i-systemic yendawo kanye nesibulala-magciwane esithintanayo, inhlanganisela ye-famoxalone (FRAC 11) ne-cyclophenoxy oxime (FRAC 27).Iwusizo kakhulu ekulawuleni i-Alternaria alternata futhi isetshenziswe njengengxube yethangi nezibulala-sikhunta ezithize ze-downy mildew.Awekho amalebula e-asparagus, i-broccoli, amahlumela aseBrussels, iklabishi, izaqathe, i-broccoli noma isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.Ingasetshenziselwa yonke imivini, utamatisi, upelepele, u-anyanisi, u-garlic namaliki.Ezimweni eziningi, isikhathi sangaphambi kokuvuna sifushane kuneso semikhiqizo ye-Mancozeb, kodwa ezitshalweni zomvini, utamatisi nopelepele, isikhathi sokuvuna sisasele izinsuku ezintathu kunemikhiqizo ye-chlorothalonil.Uma isetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, imikhiqizo eku-FRAC 11 inengozi enkulu yama-anti-pathogens.Uma usebenzisa i-Tanos ohlelweni lokufafaza, hlala uyizungezisa kwenye ikhodi ye-FRAC.
I-Pristine iyisibulala-magciwane esine-spectrum esibanzi, se-systemic sendawo kanye nesingqimba esiphambanayo, esakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa ama-bactericide FRAC (FRAC 11) kanye ne-Carboxamide (FRAC 7).Njengamanje, ayibhaliwe ukuthi i-asparagus, i-canola, utamatisi, upelepele namazambane.Ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-Bravo ku-Alternaria leaf blight emvinini kanye nezaqathi, i-Alternaria leaf spot ku-celery, namabala ansomi kugalikhi, amaliki kanye no-anyanisi.Isikhathi ngaphambi kokuvuna siyefana nese-chlorothalonil.Umkhawulo omkhulu wokufaka isicelo sezitshalo zomvini izikhathi ezine ngonyaka, kanti umkhawulo wokufaka u-anyanisi, u-garlic, nama-leeks uphakeme izikhathi eziyisithupha ngonyaka.I-Pristine ivunyelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa ku-celery kabili ngonyaka.Enqubweni yokufafaza, hlala kude nemikhiqizo ye-FRAC 11 njalo uma usebenzisa i-Pristine.
I-Quadris / Heritage, Cabrio / Headline noma i-Flint / Gem iwuhlelo olubanzi lwe-topical system FRAC 11 fungicides.Lawa ma-fungicides asekelwe ku-strobilurin alebulwe ukuthi asetshenziswe ezitshalweni eziningi zemifino, futhi esikhathini esiningi isikhathi sangaphambi kokuvuna siyizinsuku ezi-0.Le mikhiqizo inomlando omuhle wokwelapha izifo eziningi zesikhunta.Kodwa-ke, i-FRAC 11 cone globulin inamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza amagciwane amelana nomuthi ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe.Ukuze kuvikelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-strobilurin futhi kubambezele ukukhula kokumelana, amalebula amanje akhawulela inani lokuphatha okulandelanayo elivunyelwe kunoma yimuphi unyaka owodwa.Ezitshalweni eziningi, i-Quadris / Heritage ivumela kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili ezilandelanayo, i-Cabrio / Headline ivumela kuphela uhlelo olulodwa oluqhubekayo, kanti i-Flint / Gem ivumela kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezine eziphezulu.
Ithebula 1. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemithi ebulala isikhunta ebanzi yemifino evame ukutshalwa e-Michigan (buka i-pdf ukuze uyiphrinte noma uyifunde)
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I-Michigan State University ingumqashi oqinisekisayo, onamathuba alinganayo, ozibophezele ekuzuzeni impumelelo ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi abahlukahlukene kanye nesiko elibandakanya wonke umuntu, futhi ikhuthaza wonke umuntu ukuba afeze amandla akhe aphelele.Izinhlelo zokwandisa kanye nezinto zokwakha ze-Michigan State University zivulekele wonke umuntu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uluphi uhlanga, umbala, imvelaphi yezwe, ubulili, ubunikazi bobulili, inkolo, ubudala, ubude, isisindo, ukukhubazeka, izinkolelo zezepolitiki, ukukhetha ocansini, isimo somshado, isimo somndeni, noma umhlalaphansi. Isimo sezempi.Ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States, yakhishwa ngokukhuthazwa kwe-MSU kusukela ngoMeyi 8 kuya kuJuni 30, 1914. UJeffrey W. Dwyer, Umqondisi Wokwandiswa kwe-MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zemfundo kuphela.Ukukhulunywa kwemikhiqizo yezentengiso noma amagama ohwebo akusho ukuthi kugunyazwe Isandiso se-MSU noma imikhiqizo ethandwayo engashiwongo.Igama nelogo ye-4-H ivikelwe ngokukhethekile yiCongress futhi ivikelwe ngekhodi 18 USC 707.