Ukukhawulela amakhemikhali amasha, ukwandisa ukumelana nezinambuzane kanye nokubuyisela ingcindezi yezikelemu zommbila ngezinye zezinto ezenza unyaka ka-2020 ube unyaka onzima kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane, futhi lezi zinto kungenzeka ziqhubeke nokuba khona ngo-2021.
Njengoba abalimi nabathengisi bebhekana nalezi zinselele, u-Sam Knott, umphathi wezitshalo wase-Atticus LLC omaphakathi wase-US, uqaphela ukuthi abaphenduli kancane emithini ebulala izinambuzane esebenzayo kanye neyesibili, kuyilapho indlela ehleliwe ithi Okwengeziwe.
U-Knott uthe: “Lapho izici namakhemikhali kungahlanganiswa ukunikeza abalimi izinhlelo eziningi zokuvikela inhlamvu ngo-2021,” wengeza ngokuthi usebone ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane zasemseleni.Vimbela izilokazane zesibili ezifana nama-nematodes kanye nokuhlikihla.
U-Nessler uphinde wathola ukuthi ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, isidingo semithi ejwayelekile (okuhlanganisa i-pyrethroids, i-bifenthrin ne-imidacloprid) siyanda.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi izinga lemfundo yabalimi alikaze libonwe.Abalimi abaningi abathuthukayo baqonda izithako ezisebenzayo ze-AI noma izinhlanganisela kangcono kunangaphambili.Bafuna imikhiqizo yekhwalithi kubahlinzeki abathembekile amanani abo anganeliswa kangcono.Izidingo zabo, futhi yilapho kanye izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile zingahlangabezana ngempela nezidingo zabo kanye nezidingo zabathengisi zokuhlukanisa nokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo esezingeni.”
Lapho abalimi behlola ngokucophelela okokufaka kwabo, u-Nick Fassler, umphathi womnyango wezokumaketha kwezobuchwepheshe we-BASF, wakhuthaza ucwaningo olunzulu ngenani lezinambuzane ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umkhawulo wezomnotho ufinyelelwe yini.Isibonelo, kuma-aphid, kunezintwala ezingama-250 isitshalo ngasinye ngokwesilinganiso, futhi izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-80% zinegciwane.
Uthe: "Uma uqhuba uphenyo olujwayelekile futhi inani labantu lizinza, ligcina, noma lehla, ngeke ukwazi ukusithethelela isicelo."“Kodwa-ke, uma (ufinyelela emngceleni wezomnotho) ucabangela ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka kokukhiqiza.Namuhla, asinakho ukucabanga okuningi “okuphumayo”, kodwa empeleni sihlola izindlela zokuvikela amandla emali engenayo.Lolo hambo olwengeziwe lophenyo lungaletha imivuzo ngempela.”
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo emisha yokubulala izinambuzane eyethulwa ngo-2021, i-BASF's Renestra yi-Fastac, i-premix ye-pyrethroids, futhi isithako sayo esisha esisebenzayo i-Sefina Inscalis iyasebenza ekulweni nezintwala.U-Fassler uthe le nhlanganisela inikeza abalimi isixazululo esingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane eziningi kanye nezintwala zesoya ezimelana namakhemikhali esintu.Lo mkhiqizo uhloselwe abalimi baseMidwest Midwest, lapho kunesidingo sokubhekana nama-aphid we-soybean, amabhungane aseJapane nezinye izinambuzane ezihlafunayo.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukwehla kwezici, ikakhulukazi kubalimi bombila, kuye kwanda, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yombono wokuthi izibungu zommbila zincishisiwe njengosongo.Kepha ingcindezi ekhulayo kuma-roootworms ngo-2020 ingabangela abalimi nabathengisi ukuthi bacabange kabusha izinhlelo zabo zonyaka ozayo.
“Kubalimi, lokhu kuyigalelo eliphindwe kabili.Bashintsha ukusuka ku-pyramid baye kumodi eyodwa yesenzo, bese lokhu kucindezela okukhulu kukhuphuka (okubangela ukulahlekelwa okuningi).Ngicabanga ukuthi u-2020 uzowa ngoba abantu bayaqwashisa ngokugcinwa kommbila, ukuthenwa, ukulahleka kwesivuno kanye nezinselele zokuvuna kuzokhula kakhulu,” kusho uMeade McDonald, inhloko yokukhangisa ngemikhiqizo yezibulala-zinambuzane zase-Syngenta eNyakatho Melika, etshela umagazini i-CropLife®.
Ezicini ezine zokuhweba ezingasetshenziswa ukulwa nezibungu zommbila ezingaphansi komhlaba namuhla, zozine azikwazi ukumelana nensimu.UJim Lappin, umqondisi wephothifoliyo ye-SIMPAS kanye nomfelandawonye we-AMVAC, uveze ukuthi cishe u-70% wommbila otshaliwe unesici esisodwa esingaphansi komhlaba, okwengeza ingcindezi kuleso sici.
ULappin uthe: “Lokhu akusho ukuthi bazofeyila ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kusho ukuthi abantu sebekunaka kakhulu ukwenza okufanayo njengakuqala.”
I-BASF's Fassler inxusa abalimi ukuthi baqaphe uma becubungula ukwehla kwamanani entengo, ngoba uma kuqala umonakalo wezimpande, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwulungisa esilimoni.
“Ukukhuluma nezazi zezolimo namahlathi kanye nozakwethu bembewu kuzoba indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda izingcindezi zezinambuzane ezikhona nokuthi iziphi izimila ezikhona ekujikelezweni kukabhontshisi wesoya ukuze ufakazele ukuthi kufanele ubeke kuphi izici nokuthi ungahwebela kuphi kwehlile,” kusikisela u-Fassler. .“Ukufihla ummbila akuyona into ethokozisayo, akuyona into esifuna ukuthi umuntu ayizwe.Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kukhetha (ukunciphisa inani), sicela uqiniseke ukuthi usuyakwazi ukuhwebelana.”
UDkt. Nick Seiter, isazi sezinambuzane zasensimini e-University of Illinois, wasikisela: “Emasimini ommbila abangela umonakalo omkhulu ezimvinini zommbila ngo-2020, indlela engcono kakhulu iwukuba uziguqule zibe ubhontshisi wesoya ngo-2021.”Ngeke ikuqede ukuvela enkundleni.Amabhungane okungenzeka amelana - ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukumelana nokujikeleza kuyinkinga-izibungu ezichanyuselwa emasimini kabhontshisi wesoya zizofa entwasahlobo ezayo."Ngokombono wabaphathi bokumelana, into embi kakhulu ukuthi ngemva kokubona umonakalo wengozi ensimini ngonyaka odlule, ukutshala ummbila okuqhubekayo okunezici ezifanayo."
U-Seiter wachaza ukuthi ukulinganisa ukulimala kwe-rootworm ensimini kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ingabe isibalo sabantu abahlala khona singase simelane nenhlanganisela ethile yezimpawu ze-Bt.Ukuze uthole inkomba, ibanga le-0.5 (ingxenye ye-node inqunywe) ibhekwa njengomonakalo ongalindelekile esitshalweni sommbila we-pyramidal Bt, okungase kube ubufakazi bokumelana.Wanezela, khumbula ukucabangela izindawo zokukhosela ezixubile.
Umphathi wesifunda we-FMC Corp. wezobuchwepheshe u-Gail Stratman uthe ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezikelemu zombila ngokumelene nezici ze-Bt kwenza abalimi bahlehle futhi bacabangele izindlela ezihlukene.
“Angikwazi ukuthembela nje ezicini ze-Bt ukuze ngihlangabezane nezidingo zami;Kuzofanele ngicabange ngawo wonke amandla ezinambuzane okufanele ngiwalawule,” kusho u-Stratman, isibonelo, kuhlanganiswe nohlelo lwesifutho ukuze kuwiswe amabhungane asebekhulile kanye Nokulawula inani labantu abazalayo.Uthe: “Le ndlela manje sekuxoxwa ngayo kabanzi.”"Kusuka ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseKansas naseNebraska kuya e-Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota nangale kwalokho, besibuka inkinga yezikelemu zommbila."
I-Ethos XB (AI: Bifenthrin + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747) evela ku-FMC kanye ne-Capture LFR (AI: Bifenthrin) yimikhiqizo emibili yezibulala-zinambuzane zayo zemisele.U-Stratman ukhulume ngesibulala-zinambuzane se-Steward EC njengomkhiqizo osafufusa ngoba sisebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni namabhungane asekhulile kanye nezinambuzane eziningi ze-lepidopteran, kuyilapho sinomthelela omncane ezinambuzaneni ezinenzuzo.
Izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha ezethulwe yi-FMC zihlanganisa i-Vantacor, ukwakheka okugxile kakhulu kwe-Rynaxypyr.Enye i-Elevest, nayo isekelwa yi-Rynaxypyr, kodwa ngenani eligcwele le-bifenthrin elingezwe kufomula.I-Elevest ithuthukisa umsebenzi wokukhetha ngokumelene nezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran futhi ithuthukisa ububanzi bemisebenzi yezinambuzane ezingaphezu kuka-40, okuhlanganisa izimbungulu nezinambuzane zezitshalo ezihlupha izitshalo zaseningizimu.
Inzuzo yabalimi inquma ukwakheka kwezitshalo ngonyaka ezifundeni eziningi.UStrahman uthe ngenxa yokuthi amanani ommbila asanda kunyuka, kungenzeka ukuthi abalimi babone ukwanda kwezinambuzane ezithanda ummbila, kuyilapho ukutshala kommbila kuyaqhubeka nokukhula.“Lokhu kungaba ulwazi olubalulekile kini ukuthi niqhubekele phambili ngo-2021. Khumbula owakubona eminyakeni emibili edlule, naka ukuthi izitayela zilithinta kanjani ipulazi futhi wenze izinqumo zokuphatha ezihambisanayo.”
Ku-WinField United isazi sezolimo namahlathi u-Andrew Schmidt, izikelemu kanye nezinambuzane zikasilika ezifana namabhungane akhe nezibungu zommbila ziyingozi enkulu esifundeni sakhe saseMissouri nasempumalanga yeKansas.I-Missouri inamasimu ommbila ambalwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinkinga ze-rootworm azisabalele.Eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu edlule, abaphakeli be-pod (ikakhulukazi izimbungulu) bebenenkinga ikakhulukazi kubhontshisi wesoya, ngakho ithimba lakhe belilokhu ligcizelela ukuhlola ngesikhathi sezigaba ezibalulekile zokukhula kanye nokugcwaliswa kwe-pod.
I-Tundra Supreme ivela ku-WinField United futhi ingenye yemikhiqizo eyinhloko enconywe ngu-Schmidt.Lo mkhiqizo unemodi yesenzo esikabili (AI: bifenthrin + poisoning rif), futhi ungavimbela futhi ulawule insalela amabhungane aseJapane, izimbungulu, amabhungane amaqabunga kabhontshisi, Izicabucabu ezibomvu kanye nezinambuzane eziningi zombila kanye nesoya.
U-Schmidt uphinde wagcizelela izithasiselo ze-MasterLock zenkampani njengozakwethu wemikhiqizo exubene nemiphongolo ukuze kufinyelelwe ukumbozwa kahle kwesifutho nokubekwa.
“Izinambuzane eziningi esizifuthayo ziwu-R3 kuya ku-R4 kabhontshisi ocinene.I-MasterLock enama-surfactants kanye nezinsiza zokubeka ingasisiza ukuthi silethe izibulala-zinambuzane ku-canopy.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isibulala-zinambuzane esisisebenzisayo, sonke sincoma ukuthi sisisebenzise kulolu hlelo lokusebenza ukusiza ukulawula isinambuzane futhi sithole imbuyiselo engcono ekutshalweni kwezimali.”
Ucwaningo olunzulu lwabathengisi bezolimo olwenziwe yi-AMVAC ngoSepthemba lubonise ukuthi ukucindezela kommbila wezimpande zommbila kuzo zonke izitshalo zommbila eMidwest naseNyakatho-ntshonalanga Midwest kuzokhula ngo-2020, okubonisa ukuthi umhlabathi omningi wommbila uzosetshenziswa ngo-2021. Ukuxoshwa kwezinambuzane.
Umthengisi wezolimo wenze inhlolovo ezingxoxweni ze-inthanethi nezingcingo futhi waqhathanisa ingcindezi ye-rootworm ngo-2020 nengcindezi ngo-2012. Kusukela lapho, kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2015, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zomhlabathi kuye kwanda ngesizini emithathu.
Ukuphunyuka kokhula ngesizini ka-2020 kuzokwanda, kuhlinzeke ngemithombo yokudla eyengeziwe kanye nezindawo zokuzalela iziza.
ULappin waphawula: “Ukulawula ukhula kulo nyaka kuzoba nomthelela ekucindezelekeni kwezinambuzane ngonyaka ozayo.”Kuhlanganiswe namanani aphezulu ommbila nezinye izici, kulindeleke ukuthi ubusika obubandayo bukhulise izinga lokusinda kwamaqanda futhi kwandise ukumelana nezici ze-Bt, okugqamisa Amathuba alandelayo okusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwezibulala-zinambuzane zommbila kule sizini.
“Umkhawulo wokwelapha izikelemu zommbila isilinganiso sebhungane elilodwa lensikazi isitshalo ngasinye.Uma sicabanga ukuthi kunezitshalo ezingu-32,000 ihektare ngalinye, noma ngabe u-5% kuphela walezi zinambuzane zizalela amaqanda futhi lawa maqanda angaphila, usakhuluma ngezinkulungwane ze-acre Strain.”Kusho uLappin.
Izibulala-zinambuzane zenhlabathi yombila ze-AMVAC zihlanganisa i-Aztec, uhlobo lwayo lwezimpande oluhamba phambili lwe-corn rootworm kanye ne-Index, ezinye izindlela eziwuketshezi zomkhiqizo we-roootworm pellet, kanye ne-Force 10G, Counter 20G kanye ne-SmartChoice HC - konke okungahlanganiswa ne-SmartBox+ Use futhi kusetshenziswe nama-SmartCartridges.Uhlelo lwe-SIMPAS oluvaliwe lwesicelo luzothuthukiswa ngokugcwele emakethe yombila ngo-2021.
Umphathi wemakethe yommbila we-AMVAC, ubhontshisi wesoya noshukela uNathaniel Quinn (Nathaniel Quinn) uthe: “Abalimi abaningi bathola ukuthi bafuna ukukhulisa izinga lokulawula lokho abakubheka njengesivuno esingcono kakhulu sezitshalo.”Ikhono lokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngezindlela ezahlukene lingaba yinzuzo, futhi i-AMVAC inikeza lezi zinketho.Lapho kucutshungulwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, i-SIMPAS yenza abalimi bakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngenhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yezici, izibulala-zinambuzane, neminye imikhiqizo Yokufinyelela amandla esivuno inikeza izinga lokulawula elidingekayo.”Ubuye wengeza wathi: “Muningi umsebenzi okusamele wenziwe, kodwa ubuchwepheshe esibuthuthukisayo buyayiqhuba le nqubekelaphambili.”
U-Jackie Pucci ungumvikeli omkhulu we-CropLife, PrecisionAg Professional kanye nomagazini be-AgriBusiness Global.Buka zonke izindaba zababhali lapha.