Ucwaningo olusha lwezibalo zasensimini zezimbungulu ezimbalwa ezivamile (i-Cimex lectularius) luthole ukuthi abantu abathile abazweli kangako ezibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa.
Ochwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane bahlakaniphe ukulwa nobhadane oluqhubekayo lwezinambuzane zombhede ngoba sebethathe isethi ebanzi yezinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuncika kwabo ekulawuleni amakhemikhali, ngoba ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi izimbungulu zimelana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa.Izimpawu zakuqala.
Ocwaningweni olushicilelwe kuleli sonto ku-Journal of Economic Entomology, abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yasePurdue bathole ukuthi kwezingu-10 zezimbungulu eziqoqwe ensimini, abantu abangu-3 babezwela kakhulu i-chlorpheniramine.Kwehlile, futhi ukuzwela kwezibalo ezinhlanu ku-bifenthrin nakho kwehlile.
I-bug evamile yombhede (i-Cimex lectularius) ibonise ukumelana okukhulu ne-deltamethrin nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid, okukholakala ukuthi ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuvuka kwayo njengesilokazana sasemadolobheni.Eqinisweni, ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-2015 "Izinambuzane Ezingenayo Imingcele" olwenziwa yi-National Association for Pest Management kanye neYunivesithi yaseKentucky, i-68% yabachwepheshe bokulawulwa kwezinambuzane bakholelwa ukuthi izimbungulu ziyizinambuzane ezinzima kakhulu ukuzilawula.Kodwa-ke, azikho izifundo ezenziwe ukuze kuphenywe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukumelana ne-bifenthrin (futhi i-pyrethroids) noma i-clofenazep (i-pyrrole insecticide), okwenza abacwaningi basePurdue University baphenye.
“Esikhathini esidlule, izimbungulu ziye zabonisa kaningi amandla azo okumelana nemikhiqizo encike kakhulu ekulawuleni kwazo.Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kubonisa nokuthi izimbungulu zinemikhuba efanayo ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana ne-clofenazep ne-bifenthrin. "Purdue Said uDkt. Ameya D. Gondhalekar, uprofesa ongumsizi wocwaningo e-University's Urban and Industrial Pest Management Center."Uma kucatshangelwa lokhu okutholakele, futhi ngokombono wokulawulwa kokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane, kokubili i-bifenthrin ne-chlorpheniramine kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeda izimbungulu ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwazo isikhathi eside."
Bahlole izimbungulu ezingu-10 eziqoqwe futhi zanikelwa ochwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane nabacwaningi basenyuvesi e-Indiana, New Jersey, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia naseWashington DC, futhi bakala izimbungulu ezabulawa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-7 zokuchayeka ezimbungulu.iphesenti.Izibulala-zinambuzane.Ngokuvamile, ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo okwenziwe, uma kuqhathaniswa nezibalo zaselabhorethri ezingaba sengozini, inani lezimbungulu ezinezinga lokusinda elingaphezu kwama-25% zibhekwa njengezingazweli kangako ezibulala-zinambuzane.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abacwaningi bathola ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-clofenazide kanye ne-bifenthrin phakathi kwabantu bezinambuzane zombhede, okwakungalindelekile ngoba lezi zinambuzane ezimbili zenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.UGondhalekar uthe ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi kungani izimbungulu ezingathinteki kangako zingamelana nokuchayeka kulezi zibulala-zinambuzane, ikakhulukazi i-clofenazide.Kunoma yikuphi, ukuhambisana nezinqubo ezididiyelwe zokulawula izinambuzane kuzobambezela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokumelana.
"Inani elikhulu lezifundo libonise ukuthi uma ama-insecticide ehlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokulawula ezifana nokuhlanza, ukuthungatha noma ukushisa, izembozo ze-mattress, izicupho kanye nothuli lwe-desiccant, ukulawulwa okuphumelelayo kwezinambuzane zombhede kungafinyelelwa, futhi ngokombono, Lokhu kufanele kunciphise ukukhula ukumelana nezidakamizwa kubantu abasengozini,” kusho uGundalka.
"Ukuthola izimbungulu ngokuzwela okuncishisiwe emikhiqizweni equkethe i-clofenazide ne-bifenthrin kubantu basensimini (Hemiptera: Cicada)"
Faka ikheli lakho le-imeyili ukuze ubhalisele “I-Entomology Namuhla”.Uzothola izaziso mayelana nokuthunyelwe okusha nge-imeyili.
Siyabonga nge-athikili yakho, kodwa lezi yizindaba ezindala zemboni yokulawula izinambuzane, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi iqhubekile nokuthuthuka kusukela kule mikhiqizo emibili.
“Ngokwalokho okucatshangwayo”…………….. Ngicabanga ngempela ukuthi inani lohlelo lokusebenza alikho phezulu kulezi zimo ezilandelayo: izinambuzane ezinjalo noma iziphi izinambuzane zihlala zimelana nezibulala-zinambuzane futhi zibangela ukusetshenziswa okunobuthi obuningi.Ngombono, ukwelashwa kokushisa okuphezulu kuwukuphela kwendlela yangempela yokulahla izindlu noma izakhiwo zokuhlala, ama-motel, amahhotela, njll. Ngenze ucwaningo olunzulu ngalokhu, futhi izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi azisoze zaba yisixazululo saphakade.Kungani “ulawula” lezi zidalwa ezisabekayo, kuyilapho usebenzisa ama-neurotoxins namanye amakhemikhali e-pathogenic angase ahlobane nesifo sika-Parkinson, isifo se-Alzheimer, isithuthwane, isifuba somoya, i-cardiopulmonary hyperactivity, isicanucanu, ukungakhululeki emathunjini.Ukushisa kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuwabulala kanye nawo wonke amaqanda awo amancane nezibungu!!!
Ukwenza kahle ukushisa kusebenza kuzo zonke izigaba, kodwa ukushisa akunayo imiphumela eyinsalela.Amathuba okutheleleka kabusha angabuyela esimweni sawo sokuqala.Nakuba ukumelana kwayo kwangempela kuyinkinga eqhubekayo ngezibulala-zinambuzane nezilokazane-lesi akusona isizathu esenza ukuthi lesi sifo siphinde sibeke e-United States.Lena yi-EPA kanye “noMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwekhwalithi Yokudla” ukuze kuqedwe izibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenzayo nezishibhile.Eminyakeni edlule, abukho ubufakazi bokumelana ne-carbamates noma i-organic phosphates.Ngokuqondene nazo zonke lezi zifo okuthiwa yizifo ezibangelwa izibulala-zinambuzane, ziyaqagela.Ngaphambi kwalezi zitatimende, kukhona njalo amagama nemishwana enobuqili, njengokuthi "ukusola, ukuhlangana, kungase kubangele, ucwaningo lubonisa, lungabangela, imiphumela yesikhathi eside ayaziwa, ukuveza ukukhathazeka, ukuveza uhlobo oluthile lokukhathazeka, ochwepheshe bakhathazeke".
Iqiniso lendaba lalingo-1945, lapho umfana ebuya eMpini Yezwe II, futhi izimbungulu zazigcwele yonke indawo.Kodwa zasetshenziswa kanye ne-DDT, futhi ngo-1946, umphakathi wokuqala emlandweni wesintu waziqeda.Impendulo ngo-1946 yayisebenza kahle, ishibhile, itholakala kalula, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa amakhemikhali-izibulala-zinambuzane-uma kwakungeyona impendulo, ngeke kube khona impendulo manje.
Futhi enye into.Uma noma ubani efuna ukuqonda okugcwele okwengeziwe ngenhlupho yezimbungulu e-United States, sicela ubhekisele ochungechungeni lwe-“Izimbungulu Zami Zombhede”.
Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu senkinga yesiphazamisi ukulungisa okushisayo!Lobu ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu bokuqeda izimbungulu osukwini olungu-1!Lolu hlelo olwenziwe ngokwezifiso lwesimanje lokukhiqiza luhlanganisa izifudumezi ze-RX12, izihambisi komoya, izilawuli zokushisa ezingenantambo namamonitha aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqeda izimbungulu.Uma isistimu isifakiwe, sizogcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liku-130 kuya ku-148°F (Fahrenheit) futhi sibulale izimbungulu, ama-nymphs nezibungu phakathi nemizuzu.Izimbungulu ziyi-ectoparasites enohlaka lwamathambo olungaphandle olusheshe luphele futhi luqhume emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ingabe ikhona into yamakhemikhali noma uhlelo lokusebenza oluqukethe womathathu amafomula esayensi noma izixazululo zokumisa izimbungulu ukuthi zingashisi
Faka ikheli lakho le-imeyili ukuze ubhalisele “I-Entomology Namuhla”.Uzothola izaziso mayelana nokuthunyelwe okusha nge-imeyili.
Faka ikheli lakho le-imeyili ukuze waziswe uma i-athikili entsha ishicilelwa ku-Entomology namuhla.