Ama-Nematode yizilwane ezitholakala kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi ama-nematodes akhona noma yikuphi lapho kunamanzi emhlabeni.Phakathi kwazo, tshala i-akhawunti ye-nematode ye-nematode ye-parasitic ngo-10%, futhi ibangela ukulimala ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisa ama-parasitism, okungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezibangela ukulahleka okukhulu komnotho kwezolimo namahlathi.Ekuhlolweni kwensimu, izifo ze-nematode yenhlabathi zidideka kalula ngokuntuleka kwento eyejwayelekile, umdlavuza wezimpande, i-clubroot, njll.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanxeba ezimpande okubangelwa ukondla kwe-nematode ahlinzeke ngamathuba okuvela kwezifo ezithwala inhlabathi ezifana ne-bacterial, i-canker, okuholela ekutheni kube nobunzima bokuvimbela nokulawula.

Ngokusho kombiko, emhlabeni jikelele, ukulahleka komnotho waminyaka yonke okubangelwa ukulimala kwe-nematode kuphakeme ngama-157 billion ama-US Dollars, okuqhathaniswa nalokho okulimazayo kwezinambuzane.1/10 yesabelo semakethe yezidakamizwa, kusekhona isikhala esikhulu.Ngezansi kuneminye imikhiqizo ephumelela kakhudlwana yokwelapha ama-nematode ..

1.1 fosthiazate

I-Fosthiazate iyi-organophosphorus nematiside yendlela esebenza kuyo ukuze ivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-acetylcholineestereterote ama-nematode we-root-knot.Inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-nematode we-root-knot.Njengoba kwenziwa i-thiazophophosphine futhi yakhiqizwa ngu-Ishihara, eJapan ngo-1991, ibhaliswe emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni ezinjengeYurophu ne-United States.Kusukela ukungena eChina ngo-2002, i-Fosthiazate isiphenduke umkhiqizo obalulekile wokulawulwa kwezinhlabathi ze-nematode eChina ngenxa yokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.Kulindeleke ukuthi ihlale umkhiqizo oyinhloko wokulawulwa kwenhlabathi nematode elandelayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.Ngokwemininingwane evela kwinethiwekhi yolwazi lweChina Pezosticide Information, kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, kunezinkampani ezifuywayo eziyi-12 ezibhalisele ubuchwepheshe be-fosthiazate, kanye namalungiselelo abhalisiwe abhalisiwe, okubandakanya ukwakhiwa okufana nokuhlushwa okumangalisayo, ama-emulsion, ama-microcapsapsule.Ukumisa i-ejenti, umenzeli oncibilikayo, into ehlanganisiwe ikakhulukazi i-abelapect.

I-Fosthiazate isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nama-amino-oligosaccharins, i-algigini acid, ama-amiino acid, ama-acid ancuc, njll, anemisebenzi ye-mulching, athuthukise izimpande kanye nokwenza ngcono inhlabathi.Kuzoba yisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa komkhakha ngokuzayo.Ucwaningo nguZheng Huo et al.Ukhombisile ukuthi i-Nematide ehlanganiswe ne-thiazophosphine kanye ne-amino-oligosaccharidins inomphumela omuhle wokulawula kuma-nematode e-citrus, futhi angavimba ngempumelelo ama-nematode ngaphakathi nasemhlabathini wokulawula ongaphezulu kwama-80%.Uphakeme kune-thiazophosphine kanye nama-amino-oligosaccharin agents eyodwa, futhi inemiphumela engcono ekukhuleni kwezimpande kanye nokululama kwesihlahla.

1.2 Abamelectin

I-Abamelectin yindawo ye-macrocyclic lactone compound enemisebenzi ye-insecticidal, i-acaricidal kanye nemarisidal imisebenzi, futhi ifinyelela inhloso yokubulala ngezinambuzane ezivuselelayo zokukhipha i-γ-aminobutyric acid.Abamelectin babulala ama-nematode e-Rhrizosphere yesitshalo kanye nenhlabathi ikakhulukazi ngokubulawa kokuxhumana.Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2022, inani lemikhiqizo ye-Abamelectin ebhaliswe ngaphambi kuka-1,900, kanti abangaphezu kwe-100 babhaliselwe ukulawula ama-nematode.Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Abamelectin ne-thiazophosphine kufinyelele ezinhlekeleleni ezihambisanayo futhi sekuyindlela ebalulekile yentuthuko.

Phakathi kwemikhiqizo eminingi ye-abamectin, leyo edinga ukugxila ku-Abamelectin B2.Abamelectin B2 kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezimbili eziphambili ezifana ne-B2A ne-B2B, i-B2A / B2B inemali enobuthi ngokuphelele, i-B2 inambatha i-anobuthi kanye ne-toxicity, ubuthi buyancipha , futhi ukusetshenziswa kuphephile futhi kunobungane ngokwemvelo.

Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi i-B2, njengomkhiqizo omusha we-Abamelectin, i-Nematicide enhle kakhulu, futhi isibukeli sayo sezinambuzane sehlukile ku-B1.Izitshalo ze-nematode zisebenza kakhulu futhi zinamathuba abanzi emakethe.

1.3 Fluopyram

I-Fluopyram iyindawo ehlanganiswe nenqubo entsha eyenziwe nge-Bayer Crop Science, engavimbela inselelo ye-Completary II yekati lokuphefumula e-Nematode Mitochondria, okuholela ekunciphiseni okusheshayo kwamandla kumaseli we-nematode.I-Fluopyram ikhombisa ukuhamba okuhlukile emhlabathini kunezinye izinhlobo, futhi ingasatshalaliswa kancane futhi ngokulinganayo e-Rhizosphere, ukuvikela uhlelo lwezimpande ekuthelelekeni kwe-nematode ngempumelelo kanye isikhathi eside.

1.4 TLUAZAIIMDIZINE

I-TLUazaininiDine i-pyrididazole amide (noma i-sulfonamide) i-non-fumigant nematide ethuthukiswe yi-corteva, izihlahla zezithelo, amazambane, ama-orage, amatshe, izithelo zamatshe, amatshe ezitshalo, njll. Lawula ama-nematode we-tobacco izimpande-ama-nematode, ama-soybean cyst nematode, ama-sitrobheli ama-slippery nematode, ama-pematode wezinkuni, ama-mec nematode omzimba, njll.

Fingqa

I-Nematode Control iyimpi evuthiwe.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukulawulwa kwe-nematode akufanele kuncike ekulweni nomuntu ngamunye.Kuyadingeka ukudala isixazululo esibanzi sokuvimbela nokulawula isixazululo esihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi, ukuzondla kwenzuzo, kanye nokuphathwa kwensimu.Esikhathini esifushane, ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali kuseyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokulawulwa kwe-nematode ngemiphumela esheshayo nephumelelayo;Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulawulwa kwemvelo kuzofinyelela ukuthuthuka okusheshayo.Ukusheshisa ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zokubulala izinambuzane zama-nematicides, kuthuthukisa izinga lokucubungula, nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-auxiliores e-Syneregistic kuzoba ukugxila ekuxazululeni inkinga yokumelana nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezithile.