Maduze ama-lupins azotshalwa ngokushintshana ezingxenyeni ezithile zase-UK, anikeze abalimi izitshalo ezithela kakhulu, inzuzo engaba phezulu, kanye nezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa inhlabathi.
Imbewu iyiphrotheni esezingeni eliphezulu engangena esikhundleni sikabhontshisi wesoya ovela kwamanye amazwe osetshenziswa ekuphakeleni kwemfuyo futhi ithatha indawo eqinile ye-UK.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba umqondisi we-Soya UK uDavid McNaughton abonisa, lesi akusona isitshalo esisha.“Ilinywe kusukela ngo-1996, cishe amahektha ayi-600-1,200 atshalwa minyaka yonke.
“Ngakho lokhu akulona udaba lomuntu onemikhakha eminingi.Kumanje yisilimo esizinzile futhi singanwetshwa kalula ngoba siyakwazi ukusitshala.”
Pho kungani izitshalo zasentwasahlobo zingakasuki?UMnu. McNaughton uthe kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile ezenza le ndawo ihlale imile.
Esokuqala siwukulawula ukhula.Kuze kube muva nje, njengoba yayingekho indlela yamakhemikhali engokomthetho, kwabonakala kuyikhanda elibuhlungu.
Kodwa eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine eyedlule, isimo siye saba ngcono ngokunwetshwa kokugunyazwa kwemithi emithathu yokubulala ukhula ngaphambi kokuvela kwayo ukuze isetshenziswe okwesibili.
Lezi yi-nirvana (imassamo + pendimethalin), i-S-foot (pendimethalin) ne-garmit (i-clomazone).Kukhona futhi inketho yangemva kokuvela e-Lentagran (pyridine).
“Sinezilimo zangaphambi kokuhluma kanye nokuhluma okunengqondo, ngakho-ke isivuno samanje sifana nophizi.”
Esinye isithiyo ukuntuleka kwemakethe kanye nesidingo esinganele sabahlanganisi okuphakelayo.Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-Frontier kanye ne-ABN benza ucwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini nge-lupine emhlophe (bona iphaneli) njengokuphakela kwemfuyo, isimo singashintsha.
UMnu McNaughton uthe enye yezinto ezibalulekile ekudumeni kwe-lupine izinga layo eliphezulu.I-Lupins kanye nobhontshisi wesoya kokubili kuqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-amino acid anesulfure, abalulekile ekudleni kwezingulube nezinkukhu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezinkomo zobisi ezikhiqiza kakhulu."Badinga uphethiloli we-rocket, kokubili ubhontshisi wesoya namalupins."
Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona imboni yokuxuba, uMnu. McNaughton uzosebenzisana nabathengi ukuze abone indawo etshalwe izitshalo ikhula ibe amashumi ezinkulungwane zamahektha.
Ngakho-ke izobukeka kanjani imboni yase-UK?UMnu. McNaughton ukholelwa ukuthi kuye ngendawo, kuzoba yingxube eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe.
Wachaza ukuthi i-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emhlophe nephuzi empeleni ayizinhlobo ezahlukene, njengoba nje ukolweni, ibhali nama-oats kuyizinhlamvu ezihlukene.
I-lupine emhlophe yenza kahle kakhulu, nge-protein ephakathi kuka-38-40%, okuqukethwe kukawoyela okungu-10%, kanye nesivuno esingu-3-4t/ha.“Ngosuku oluhle, bazofinyelela ku-5t/ha.”
Ngakho-ke, abamhlophe yibo abakhetha kuqala, kodwa e-Lincolnshire nase-Staffordshire, uncoma ukuthi bashintshe babe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngoba basheshe bavuthwe, ikakhulukazi uma umlimi engasenayo i-diquat eyomile.
UMnu. McNaughton uthe ama-lupins amhlophe ayakwazi ukubekezelela futhi angakhula emhlabathini ongaphansi kwe-pH 7.9, kanti oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungakhula ku-pH 7.3.
"Eqinisweni, uma izimpande zihlangabezana nezimo ze-alkaline, lapho unenkinga ye-iron okungapheli, ungazikhulisi emithambekeni eno-chalky."
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“Emhlabathini wobumba, alungile, kodwa obumba oluwugqinsi, olumahhadla, nolufanelekile.Baphinde babhekane nengcindezi. ”
Uveze ukuthi isihlabathi saseNottinghamshire, nesihlabathi saseBlakelands naseDorset zilungele izitshalo.Wengeze wathi: “Umhlaba omningi olimekayo e-East Anglia, East Midlands naseCambridgeshire uzokwenza kahle.”
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zabalimi.Okokuqala ukuthi izindleko zabo zokutshala ziphansi, futhi zidinga ukufakwa okuncane.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo ezifana ne-oilseed rape, azithintwa izinambuzane nezifo.
Isifo esisodwa, i-anthracnose, singadala umonakalo omkhulu uma singelashwa.Kodwa kulula ukuhlonzwa ngamakhemikhali futhi kusetshenzwe ngama-alkaline fungicides.
UMnu McNaughton uveze ukuthi i-lupine ingcono kunobhontshisi ekulungiseni i-nitrogen, 230-240kg/ha kanye no-180kg/ha ngokulandelana.“Uzobona ukolweni unesivuno esikhulu selupine.”
Njengembewu yefilakisi, i-lupins ilungele ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi nokukhulula imisoco emhlabathini ngoba izimpande zikabhontshisi zikhipha ama-asidi emvelo.
Mayelana nokudla, kusobala ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kunobhontshisi, futhi abadayisi bokudla okuhlanganisiwe bathi bakholelwa ukuthi i-1 kg ye-lupine ayilingani ne-1 kg kabhontshisi wesoya.
Ngakho-ke, uMnu. McNaughton uthe uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona endaweni ethile phakathi kukabhontshisi nobhontshisi wesoya, zibiza cishe u-£275/ton, ucabanga ukuthi ubhontshisi wesoya ungu-£350/ton, kanti ubhontshisi ungu-£200/ton.
Ngokwaleli nani, inzuzo izokhuphuka ngempela, futhi uma okukhiphayo kungu-3.7t/ha, inani eliphelele lingu-£1,017/ha.Ngakho-ke, ngezindleko zamakhilogremu angu-250 ngehektha ngalinye, lesi sitshalo sibukeka sikhangayo.
Ngamafuphi, i-lupine inamandla okuba isitshalo esibalulekile, ithuthukise ukujikeleza okulinywayo kanye nempilo yenhlabathi, futhi ubukhulu be-UK bufana nophizi ohlangene.
Kodwa isimo sesishintshile.Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nobhontshisi wesoya ongenisiwe, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kukhokhelwa emithonjeni yamaprotheni esimeme e-UK.
Yingakho i-ABN (bona iphaneli) ibheka izitshalo futhi, futhi lokhu kungase kube yilokho kanye okudingekayo ukuze izitshalo zisuke.
I-AB Agri ineminyango ye-agronomy kanye ne-feed compounding ku-Border Agriculture kanye ne-ABN, futhi njengamanje icwaninga ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganisa i-lupine etshalwa e-UK kwisabelo semfuyo.
Ithimba lifuna imithombo emisha ye-protein eqhubekayo engasetshenziswa ekudleni kwezingulube nezinkukhu.
Inhloso yocwaningo lokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izitshalo zobuchwepheshe be-Frontier ukutadisha indlela yokutshala i-lupin, bese ukwazi ukukhuphula ukuze abahlanganiseli babe nokuzethemba ekunikezeni amaprotheni okungenzeka.
Ucwaningo lwaqala ngo-2018, futhi ngonyaka odlule, ikakhulukazi e-Kent, kwakukhona amahektha angu-240-280 e-lupine emhlophe phansi.Ukumba kuzoqhutshwa ezindaweni ezifanayo entwasahlobo ezayo.
Ngokusho kukaRobert Nightingale, uchwepheshe wezitshalo kanye nokusimama eFrontier, isivuno esimhlophe ngonyaka odlule sidlule amathani ama-4 ehektheleni.
Ziningi izifundo ezifundiwe, okuhlanganisa nesidingo sokukhetha indawo efanele.I-Lupins ivamise ukuthi ifaneleke kakhulu enhlabathini ephakathi nendawo ekhanyayo ngoba ayikuthandi ukucinana.
“Ziyazwela ku-pH, uma utholakala, zizodonsa kanzima.Ongoti bethu bezolimo bazobheka ukufaneleka komlimi ngamunye ngokusekelwe endaweni kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokwethula lolu cwaningo.”
Izitshalo ziyasidinga isiphuzo lapho sezikhulile.Kodwa ngemva kokuna kwemvula, ziyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso kunophizi nobhontshisi futhi zinezimpande ezikhudlwana.
Ngokulawula ukhula, iFrontier ibheka ezinye izinketho zokubulala ukhula ukuze andise ukugunyazwa kwayo ukuze isetshenziswe okwesibili.
Akwanele ukugcwalisa igebe, kodwa kuye ngokuthi inhlabathi enjani, ingase ibe isilimo esiwusizo.”
Ukholelwa ukuthi indawo yokugcina ingaba amahektha angaba ngu-50,000, okungenzeka kube isitshalo esiseduze nendawo yamaphizi ahlangene.
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