Uphononongo lubonise ukuba izibulali-zinambuzane ezinetyhefu kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kwiikati nasezinjeni ukubulala iintakumba ziyityhefu kwimilambo yaseNgilani.Izazinzulu zithi ukufumanisa “kunxulumene kakhulu” nezinambuzane zasemanzini kunye neentlanzi neentaka ezixhomekeke kuzo, kwaye zilindele ukwenza umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba kwi-99% yeesampulu ezivela kwimilambo engama-20, umxholo we-fipronil wawuphezulu, kwaye umxholo ophakathi wemveliso yokubola yesitshabalalisi esinetyhefu wawuphindwe ngama-38 umda wokhuseleko.I-fenoxtone efunyenwe emlanjeni kunye nenye i-agent ye-nerve ebizwa ngokuthi imidacloprid ivaliwe kwiifama iminyaka emininzi.
Kukho malunga ne-10 lezigidi zezinja kunye ne-11 lezigidi zeekati e-UK, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba i-80% yabantu baya kufumana unyango lwentakumba (nokuba luyafuneka okanye akunjalo).Abaphandi bathi ukusetyenziswa kwempumputhe yonyango lwe-flea akukhuthazwa, kwaye imimiselo emitsha iyafuneka.Okwangoku, unyango lwentakumba luvunyiwe ngaphandle kovavanyo lomonakalo wokusingqongileyo.
URosemary Perkins weYunivesithi yaseSussex, owayephethe olu phando, wathi: “IFipronil yenye yezona mveliso zixhaphakileyo zentakumba.Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba inokuthotywa kwizinambuzane ezininzi kunefipronil ngokwayo.Iikhompawundi eziyityhefu ngakumbi.”"Iziphumo zethu zixhalabisa kakhulu."
UDave Goulson, ilungu leqela labaphandi nakwiYunivesithi yaseSussex, wathi: “Andikholelwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba izibulali-zinambuzane zixhaphake kangaka.Imilambo yethu isoloko ingcoliswa zezi khemikhali zimbini ixesha elide..
Wathi: “Ingxaki kukuba le michiza iyasebenza kakhulu,” kwanakwimilinganiselo emincinane."Sinethemba lokuba baya kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kubomi bezinambuzane emlanjeni."Wathi i-pesticide esebenzisa i-imidacloprid ukunyanga intakumba kwizinja eziphakathi kwanele ukubulala iinyosi ezingama-60 ezigidi.
Ingxelo yokuqala yamanqanaba aphezulu e-neonicotinoids (njenge-imidacloprid) kwimilambo yenziwa liqela lolondolozo lwe-Buglife kwi-2017, nangona uphando aluzange lufake i-fipronil.Izinambuzane zasemanzini zichaphazeleka kwi-neonicotinoids.Uhlolisiso olwenziwa eNetherlands lubonise ukuba ungcoliseko lwexesha elide lwendlela yamanzi luye lwakhokelela ekwehleni ngokukhawuleza kwenani lezinambuzane neentaka.Ngenxa yolunye ungcoliseko oluvela kwiifama kunye nogutyulo, izinambuzane zasemanzini nazo ziyancipha, kwaye kuphela i-14% yemilambo yaseBritani enempilo entle yendalo.
Uphando olutsha, olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi i-Comprehensive Environmental Science, lubandakanya uhlalutyo lwe-4,000 lweesampuli eziqokelelwe yi-Arhente ye-Environment kwi-20 yaseBrithani imilambo phakathi kwe-2016-18.Ezi zivela kuVavanyo loMlambo eHamphire ukuya kuMlambo i-Eden eCumbria.
I-Fipronil ichongiwe kwi-99% yeesampulu, kwaye imveliso enetyhefu kakhulu yokubola iFipronil sulfone yafunyanwa kwi-97% yeesampulu.Umyinge wogxininiso ngamaxesha angama-5 kunye namaxesha angama-38 aphezulu kunomda wetyhefu engapheliyo, ngokulandelanayo.Akukho zithintelo ezisemthethweni kule michiza e-UK, ngoko izazinzulu zasebenzisa ingxelo yokuhlola i-2017 eveliswe kwiBhodi yoLawulo loMgangatho waManzi eCalifornia.I-Imidacloprid ifunyenwe kwi-66% yeesampuli, kwaye umda we-toxicity ugqithiswe kwi-7 kwi-20 imilambo.
I-Fipronil yayivaliwe ukusetyenziswa kwiifama ngo-2017, kodwa yayingafane isetyenziswe ngaphambi koko.I-Imidacloprid yavalwa ngo-2018 kwaye ibingafane isetyenziswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Abaphandi bafumene awona manqanaba aphezulu ezibulali-zinambuzane ezantsi kweendawo zokucocwa kwamanzi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iindawo zasezidolophini zingowona mthombo uphambili, hayi umhlaba wokulima.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, ukuhlamba izilwanyana zasekhaya kunokugungxula i-fipronil kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka ize iye emlanjeni, kwaye izinja ezidada emlanjeni zibonelela ngenye indlela yongcoliseko.UGulson wathi: “Oku kumele ukuba lunyango lweentakumba olubangele ungcoliso.”"Ngokwenene, awukho omnye umthombo onokuthi ucingelwe."
E-UK, kukho iimveliso zezilwanyana ezinelayisenisi ze-66 eziqukethe i-fipronil kunye ne-21 yezilwanyana zezilwanyana eziqukethe imidacloprid, ezininzi zazo ezithengiswa ngaphandle komyalelo.Nokuba unyango lwentakumba luyafuneka, izilwanyana ezininzi zasekhaya zinyangwa nyanga zonke.
Izazinzulu zithi oku kufuneka kuphinde kuqwalaselwe, ingakumbi ebusika xa iintakumba zingaqhelekanga.Bathi imimiselo emitsha nayo kufuneka iqwalaselwe, efana nokufuna imimiselo kunye nokuvavanya iingozi zendalo ngaphambi kokuba zivunywe ukuba zisetyenziswe.
"Xa uqala ukusebenzisa nayiphi na i-pesticides kwizinga elikhulu, kukho imiphumo engalindelekanga," kusho uGulson.Ngokucacileyo, kukho into engahambanga kakuhle.Akukho nkqubo yokulawula lo mngcipheko othile, kwaye kufuneka yenziwe ngokucacileyo.”
UMat Shardlow weBuglife uthe: “Iminyaka emithathu sele idlulile oko saqala ukugxininisa ubungozi bonyango lweentakumba kwizilwanyana zasendle, kwaye akukho manyathelo olawulo athathiweyo.Ungcoliseko olunzulu nolugqithisileyo lwefipronil kuyo yonke imimandla yamanzi iyothusa, kwaye urhulumente kufuneka ayivale ngokukhawuleza.Sebenzisa i-fipronil kunye ne-imidacloprid njengonyango lweentakumba.Uthe iitoni ezininzi zezi zibulali-zinambuzane zisetyenziswa kwizilwanyana zasekhaya minyaka le.