Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi yimichiza esetyenziselwa ukubulala izitshabalalisi, kuquka izinambuzane, iimpuku, ukungunda kunye nezityalo eziyingozi (ukhula).Ukongeza, zikwasetyenziswa kwimpilo yoluntu ukubulala abathwali bezifo ezinjengeengcongconi.Ngenxa yokuba zinokubangela ityhefu enokubakho kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, kuquka nabantu, izibulali-zinambuzane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo1.
Emsebenzini, ukuchanabeka kwimichiza yokubulala izitshabalalisi ekhaya okanye egadini kunokubangela ukuba ube sesichengeni kwizibulali-zinambuzane, umzekelo ngokutya okungcolisekileyo.I-WHO iphonononga ubungqina kwaye imisela imida yentsalela evunyiweyo kumazwe ngamazwe ukukhusela abantu kwiingozi zempilo ezinokubakho ezibangelwa zizibulali-zinambuzane.2
Isigaba esibuyiselweyo somgangatho ophezulu wolwelo lwechromatography (HPLC) iqhele ukusetyenziswa ukuqikelela ukuxinana kwezithako ezisebenzayo kwizitshabalalisi.Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwe-chromatography lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-solvents ezinobuthi, kwaye luchitha ixesha kunye nabaqhubi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle, okubangelwa iindleko eziphezulu zokuhlalutya rhoqo.Ukusebenzisa okubonakalayo kufutshane ne-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) endaweni ye-HPLC kunokonga ixesha kunye nemali.
Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenzisa i-Vis-NIRS endaweni ye-HPLC, iisampulu ze-pesticide ezingama-24-37 ezinee-compounds ezaziwayo ezisebenzayo zalungiswa: i-abamectin EC, i-amimectin EC, i-cyfluthrin EC, i-cypermethrin, kunye ne-glyphosate.Vavanya unxulumano phakathi kweenguqu.Idatha yeSpectral kunye nemilinganiselo yereferensi.
I-NIRS RapidLiquid analyzer isetyenziselwa ukufumana i-spectrum yalo lonke uluhlu lwamaza obude (400-2500 nm).Isampuli ifakwe kwibhotile yeglasi elahlayo kunye nobubanzi be-4 mm.I-Vision Air 2.0 Isoftware epheleleyo isetyenziselwa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nolawulo kunye nophuhliso lwendlela yobungakanani.Ubuncinci obuncinci beskwere (PLS) benziwe kwisampuli nganye ehlalutyiweyo, kwaye ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi (shiya enye ngaphandle) kusetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemodeli yobungakanani obufunyenwe ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwendlela.
Umzobo 1. I-NIRS XDS RapidLiquid analyzer isetyenziselwa ukufumana idatha ye-spectral kulo lonke uluhlu lwe-400 nm ukuya kwi-2500 nm.
Ukuze kulinganiswe i-compound nganye kwi-pesticide, imodeli esebenzisa izinto ezimbini zasekwa, kunye nephutha eliqhelekileyo lokulinganisa (SEC) ye-0.05% kunye ne-cross-validation standard error (SECV) ye-0.06%.Kwikhompawundi nganye esebenzayo, amaxabiso e-R2 phakathi kwexabiso lereferensi elinikiweyo kunye nexabiso elibaliweyo yi-0.9946, 0.9911, 0.9912, 0.0052, kunye ne-0.9952, ngokulandelanayo.
Umfanekiso 2. Idatha ekrwada yeesampulu ze-pesticides ezili-18 ezinoxinzelelo lwe-abamectin phakathi kwe-1.8% kunye ne-3.8%.
Umzobo 3. Igrafu yonxulumano phakathi komxholo we-abamectin oqikelelwe yi-Vis-NIRS kunye nexabiso lereferensi elivandlakanywe yi-HPLC.
Umzobo 4. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yeesampuli ze-pesticides ezingama-35, apho uluhlu lwe-concentration ye-amomycin yi-1.5-3.5%.
Umzobo 5. Igrafu yonxulumano phakathi komxholo we-amimectin oqikelelwe yi-Vis-NIRS kunye nexabiso lereferensi elivandlakanywe yi-HPLC.
Umzobo 6. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yeesampuli ze-pesticide ezingama-24 ezine-cyfluthrin concentrations ye-2.3-4.2%.
Umzobo 7. Igrafu yonxulumano phakathi komxholo we-cyfluthrin oqikelelwe yi-Vis-NIRS kunye nexabiso lereferensi elivandlakanywe yi-HPLC.
Umzobo 8. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza yeesampuli ze-pesticide ezingama-27 kunye noxinzelelo lwe-cypermethrin ye-4.0-5.8%.
Umzobo 9. Igrafu yokunxibelelana phakathi komxholo we-cypermethrin oqikelelwe yi-Vis-NIRS kunye nexabiso lereferensi elivandlakanywe yi-HPLC.
Umzobo 10. I-spectra yedatha eluhlaza ye-33 yeesampuli ze-pesticide kunye ne-glyphosate concentration ye-21.0-40.5%.
Umzobo 11. Igrafu yonxulumano phakathi komxholo weglyphosate oqikelelweyo yi-Vis-NIRS kunye nexabiso lereferensi elivandlakanywe yi-HPLC.
La maxabiso aphezulu okunxibelelana phakathi kwexabiso lereferensi kunye nexabiso elibalwe kusetyenziswa i-Vis-NIRS ibonisa ukuba yindlela ethembekileyo nekhawulezayo yolawulo lomgangatho wezitshabalalisi xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-HPLC esetyenziswa ngokwesiko.Ke ngoko, i-Vis-NIRS inokusetyenziswa njengenye indlela yokusebenza okuphezulu kwechromatography yolwelo kuhlalutyo lwesiqhelo lwe-pesticide kwaye inokugcina ixesha kunye nemali.
Metrohm (2020, Meyi 16).Uhlalutyo lobungakanani bezithako ezintlanu ezisebenzayo kwizitshabalalisi ngokukhanya okubonakalayo kufutshane ne-infrared spectroscopy.AZoM.Ifunyenwe kwakhona ku-https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=17683 nge-16 kaDisemba, 2020.
I-Metrohm “ibale izithako ezintlanu ezisebenzayo kwizibulali-zinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-infrared spectroscopy ebonakalayo nakufutshane.”AZoM.NgoDisemba 16, 2020. .
I-Metrohm “ibale izithako ezintlanu ezisebenzayo kwizibulali-zinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-infrared spectroscopy ebonakalayo nakufutshane.”AZoM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=17683.(Ifikeleleke nge-16 kaDisemba 2020).
I-Metrohm Corporation ngo-2020. Uhlalutyo lobungakanani bezithako ezintlanu ezisebenzayo kwi-pesticides lwenziwa nge-spectroscopy ebonakalayo kunye nekufuphi ne-infrared.I-AZoM, ijongwe nge-16 kaDisemba, 2020, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?I-ArticleID = 17683.
Kulo dliwano-ndlebe, uSimon Taylor, uMphathi weNtengiso we-Mettler-Toledo GmbH, wathetha ngendlela yokuphucula uphando lwebhetri, ukuveliswa kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho ngokusebenzisa i-titration.
Kolu dliwano-ndlebe, i-CEO ye-AZoM kunye ne-Scintacor kunye nenjineli eyintloko u-Ed Bullard kunye no-Martin Lewis bathetha nge-Scintacor, iimveliso zenkampani, amandla, kunye nombono wekamva.
I-CEO ye-Bcomp uChristian Fischer uthethe ne-AZoM malunga nentatho-nxaxheba ebalulekileyo kaMcLaren kwiFomula yokuQala.Inkampani incedise ekuphuhliseni izihlalo zomdyarho zendalo ezidityanisiweyo, ziphinda umkhombandlela wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji oluzinzileyo kumdyarho kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto.
Uthotho lwe-Yokogawa Fluid Imaging Technologies, Inc.'s FlowCam®8000 lusetyenziswa kumfanekiso wedijithali kunye nemicroscope.
I-ZwickRoell yenza oomatshini bokuvavanya ubulukhuni abahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.Izixhobo zabo zisebenziseka lula, zinamandla kwaye zinamandla.
Phonononga iiLabhu zeZetasizer-ubungakanani benqanaba lokungena kunye ne-zeta enokuthi ibe ngumhlalutyi oneempawu ezongeziweyo.
Sisebenzisa iikuki ukuphucula amava akho.Ngokuqhubeka nokukhangela le webhusayithi, uyavumelana nokusetyenziswa kwethu kweekuki.Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe.