Alithandabuzeki elokuba ishishini le-cannabis liyaphuhla.Abantu baye bakhulisa esi sityalo iminyaka emininzi, kodwa kuphela kwiminyaka yamuva nje imveliso yezorhwebo iye yaba yingqwalasela.Kubonakala ngathi kwiminyaka yethu yamava, abantu baya kukwazi ukukhulisa esi sityalo ngaphandle kweengxaki, kodwa yonke into ukusuka ekutyaleni izityalo ezimbalwa ukuya kwimveliso yorhwebo iya kutshintsha yonke into.Ingxaki enye efunyanwa ngabalimi abaninzi kukuba i-cannabis ineengxaki ezininzi zezinambuzane.IPhylloxera, leaf aphids, thrips kunye nefungi ngamanye amanani akhulayo.Eyona ngxaki yoyikekayo zizinambuzane.Imisebenzi yokutyala idla ngokubangela ukuba ezi zinambuzane ziphulukane nezityalo, kwaye ukuziqonda ngundoqo wokulawula ingxaki.
Ukuthi unamangolwane ligama elibanzi.Zininzi iindidi zengolwane kwimveliso yorhwebo, kwaye i-hemp ichaphazeleka kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.Kubalulekile ukuba uchonge ngokuchanekileyo amabala akho ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ezichanekileyo.Awunakuqikelela;kufuneka uqiniseke nge-100%.Ukuba awuqinisekanga, umcebisi wakho wezinambuzane unokukunceda ukuba uchonge.
Ukuthintela nokulawula, abalimi abaninzi bakhetha ukusebenzisa iiarhente zolawulo lwebhayoloji.Ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga neentsalela zezitshabalalisi kwizityalo ezityiwayo, imimiselo yesizwe kunye nemiba yolawulo lokuxhathisa kumachiza, iindlela zolawulo lwebhayoloji zifanelekile kakhulu.Undoqo kukuqalisa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kwangethuba.
Iintwala eziqhelekileyo kwizityalo ze-cannabis zingohlulwa zibe ziintsapho ezintathu: i-Tetranychidae (Tetranychidae), i-spider mites, i-Tar mites (Tarsonemidae), i-thread mites kunye ne-Eriophyidae (Eriophyidae).Uluhlu lunokwanda ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko kukho iirekhodi ezintsha zokusingatha.
Xa umntu ethetha ngeentwala zesigcawu, uqhele ukubhekisa kwizigcawu ezimbini ezinamachokoza (Tetranychus urticae).Khumbula, amangolwane lusapho olubanzi lweengolwane.Zininzi iindidi ze spider mite, kodwa inye kuphela yi spider mite enamachokoza amabini.Le yinto eqhelekileyo kwintsangu.I-Tetranychus urticae ikwafumaneka nakwezinye izityalo ezininzi zokuhombisa kunye nemifuno, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukulawula isitshabalalisi kuba sihlala kuyo yonke indawo.
Iimazi ezindala zimalunga ne-0.4 mm ubude kwaye iinkunzi zincinci kancinci.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziyakwazi ukuchongwa nge-webbing ejikelezayo kumphezulu we-blade.Kulo mnatha, iimazi ziza kubeka amaqanda (ukuya kumakhulu ambalwa), kwaye la maqanda ajikeleze ngokupheleleyo.
Ezi ngolwane zikhula kakuhle kwiimeko ezishushu nezomileyo ezixhaphakileyo kwizindlu zokugcina izityalo.Kubonakala ngathi abemi baqhushumba ngobusuku, kodwa ngokufuthi bebesakha apho bengabonwa.Xa zihlala emagqabini, izigcawu ezibini ezibomvu ezinamachokoza zitya ngokufaka imilomo yazo kwiiseli zezityalo zize zitye oko zikuquletheyo.Ukuba zilawulwa kwangethuba, isityalo sinokuphinda siphile ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa amagqabi.Ukuba izityalo aziphathwanga, amagqabi aya kuba tyheli kwaye abonakale amabala anecrotic.Amangolwane nawo angafudukela kwiintyatyambo kwaye abe yingxaki xa izityalo zomile xa zivunwa.
Umonakalo owenziwe ngamangolwane (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) unokubangela ukukhula kunye nokuguquka.Amaqanda ane-ovoid kwaye agqunywe ngamabala amhlophe, eyona ndlela ingcono yokuwabona.
Intwala exhaphakileyo lolunye uhlobo lwengolwane olunoluhlu olubanzi lwezityalo ezisindleke kwaye isasazwe kwihlabathi jikelele.Iintwala zazo zincinci kunezigcawu ezinamacala amabini (ukuzibona, kufuneka usondeze kangangezihlandlo ezingama-20).Iimazi ezindala ziyi-0.2 mm ubude, ngelixa iinkunzi zincinci kancinci.Eyona ndlela ilula yokuzibona kukumaqanda azo.Amaqanda amile okweqanda kunye namaqoqo amhlophe kuwo.Baphantse babonakala benamabala amhlophe kubo.
Phambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo, kunzima ukubona ubukho bamangolwane.Le yindlela abalimi abafumanisa ngayo ukuba ngabanini.Amangolwane anentambiso enetyhefu, ebangela ukuba amagqabi amatsha agqwetheke ajiye.Nasemva konyango, la magqabi akanako ukuchacha kulo monakalo.Ukubonakala kwamagqabi amatsha (ngaphandle kwama-mites) kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
Le ntshulube yenze umngeni kubalimi ngo-2017. Ngenxa yeendlela ezingekho phantsi kwemveliso kunye neemeko zococeko, yanwenwa okomlilo wedobo.Le ngolwane yahlukile kwiingolwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo kuba ngumamkeli okhethekileyo we-cannabis.Abantu bebesoloko bebhidekile, becinga ukuba olu luhlobo olufanayo nolo lwentakumba ebomvu emdaka kwizityalo zetumato, kodwa lolunye uhlobo lwengolwane ( Aculops lycopersici ).
Amangolwane mancinci kakhulu kwaye afuna ukukhuliswa ukuze abone.Incinci ngobukhulu, inokuxhonywa ngokulula kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa ezingachatshazelwa ngokupheleleyo yimpahla yabalimi kunye nezixhobo.Abalimi abaninzi abayazi le ngozi de bayibone, xa amangolwane ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu.Xa amangolwane esitya izityalo, anokwenza ibronzing, amagqabi agobileyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko amadyunguza.Xa uhlaselo olukhulu lwenzekile, kunzima ukusisusa esi sitshabalalisi.
Ephedra s mites, Aculops cannabicola.Umonakalo owenziwe yi-Aculops cannabicola uquka imiphetho egobileyo kunye namagqabi e-russet.Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amagqabi aya kuba tyheli aze awe.
Into abafana ngayo ezi zinambuzane kukuba unokuwanciphisa kakhulu amathuba osulelo lwengolwane ngokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ococeko.Kuthatha kuphela amanyathelo ambalwa alula, anexabiso eliphantsi ukunqanda uqhambuko.Phatha indawo yokukhula njengoko ubuya kwenza kwigumbi lotyando esibhedlele.• Thintela abatyeleli kunye nabasebenzi: Ukuba umntu (kuquka nawe) uthatha inxaxheba kwesinye isiganeko sokutyala, ungamvumeli ukuba angene kwindawo yakho yemveliso ngaphandle kwempahla ecocekileyo yokusebenza okanye ukutshintsha iimpahla.Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba yindawo yakhe yokuqala yokumisa namhlanje, kungcono ukungavumeli nabani na ukuba angene. Xa ubrasha isityalo esihlaselweyo, unokuchola amagciwane ezimpahleni zakho.Ukuba usebenzisa olu hlobo lwempahla ukuthambisa kwezinye izityalo, lunokusasaza izinambuzane nezifo.•Izixhobo: Xa uhamba phakathi kwezityalo neendawo zezityalo, coca izixhobo rhoqo ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.• Ii-clones okanye ukusikwa: Eli linani lotyando othe lona ngokungazi wasulela.Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zifikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezizisiweyo zezityalo.Xa usika, kufuneka kubekho inkqubo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo, indlela yokusingatha ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuqala okucocekileyo.Khumbula, awuyi kukwazi ukubona ingxaki ngeliso lenyama kweli nqanaba.Ukuntywiliselwa kwi-oyile yesitiya okanye isepha yesitshabalalisi kungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokonakala kwamangolwane.Xa ezi zigawu zixingile, musa ukuzibeka kwindawo yemveliso ephambili kunye nezinye izityalo.Gcina ukubekwa wedwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zitshabalalisi ziphosakeleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuntywiliselwa.• Izityalo zezilwanyana zasekhaya: Musa ukuzama ukusebenzisa amaziko okukhulisa ubusika kwizityalo zangaphakathi okanye ezinye izityalo zasekhaya kubasebenzi.Uninzi lwezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ziya kusitsiba izityalo zakho ngovuyo.• Qala ngoko nangoko, ungalindi: nje ukuba i-drill cuts ibambekile, yiqalise ngoko nangoko kwinkqubo yeengolwane (Uluhlu loku-1).Nangona abalimi bezityalo zokuhombisa, ixabiso lesityalo ngasinye liphantsi kune-cannabis, baye baqala ukugcina izityalo zabo zicocekile kwasekuqaleni.Musa ukulinda de ube neengxaki.
Amanye amazwe abonelela ngoluhlu oluvunyiweyo lwezitshabalalisi ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwimveliso ye-cannabis.Uninzi lwezi mveliso zithathwa njengezona mveliso zinobungozi obuphantsi.Oku kuthetha ukuba azikho phantsi kweFederal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.Ezi mveliso azikhange zibe novavanyo olungqongqo lweemveliso ezibhalisiweyo ze-EPA.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, xa ityiwa ngamangolwane, ioyile yokulima ingabonelela ngeziphumo ezibalaseleyo zolawulo, kodwa ukugqunywa kwesitshizi kubalulekile.Ukuba amangolwane ayaphoswa, amanani azo aya kwanda ngokukhawuleza.Ngokufanayo, xa ioli eninzi yomile, izithako eziluncedo zinokukhutshwa.
Unyango olusebenzayo kwangethuba lubalulekile, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa ii-arhente zolawulo lwebhayoloji.Njengoko isityalo se-hemp sikhula, iitrichomes ziyakwenzeka.Xa oku kwenzekile, isityalo siya kuncamathela kakhulu ukuze amarhamncwa akwazi ukuhambahamba kwisityalo.Xa umdla unokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, nceda uphathe ngaphambi koko.
Kwiminyaka eyi-25 edlulileyo, u-Suzanne Wainwright-Evans (okhuselwe nge-imeyile) unikeze iingcebiso zobungcali bokulima / i-entomological kwishishini.Ungumnini we-Buglady Consulting kwaye ugxile kulawulo lwebhayoloji, i-IPM, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane zebhayoloji, izinto eziphilayo kunye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezizinzileyo.Ugxininiso lwakhe lwesityalo lubandakanya izityalo zokuhombisa, ihempe, ihempe kunye nemifuno/imifuno.Jonga onke amabali ombhali apha.
[...] kwiwebhusayithi yegreenhouse;Ilayishwe ngu: Suzanne Wainwright-Evans (Suzanne Wainwright-Evans): Ukuthi iintwala ligama elibanzi.[…] Kukho iintlobo ezininzi
Uchanekile ukuba ioli yegadi iyasebenza.Nokuba awuboni iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-phytotoxicity, ioyile yeparafini kunye nezinye ioyile esekwe kwipetroleum zikholisa ukucothisa iphotosynthesis kangangeentsuku ezininzi.Izitshizi ze-oyile eziyimfuneko zibulala iintwala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa zikholisa ukuhluba umthwebeba emagqabini, nto leyo ephinda ibambezele ukukhula kwezityalo.Isingqi se-circadian sidibanisa i-oyile yemifuno kunye ne-oyile ye-peppermint ukufaka i-wax yendalo ye-polyvinyl yotywala emagqabini ukuze ithathe indawo ye-wax enokuthi ikhukuliswe.Enye yale wax yi-biostimulant, i-triethanol.Ukuba unomdla, ndingakuthumela iimvavanyo ezithile.Esona siphumo sikhuthaza ukukhula sinokufezekiswa xa sisetyenziswa qho ngeveki kuqalwa kwiingcambu zee-clones okanye kwizithole ezihlumayo.