Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungena kwizityalo ezichumileyo, izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo (PGRs) zikwasisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunceda ekukhuleni kweengcambu kunye nokulawula ukuhlakula kwizityalo eziziinkozo.
Kwaye le ntwasahlobo, apho izityalo ezininzi zinzima emva kobusika obumanzi, ngumzekelo omhle wexesha apho abalimi baya kuzuza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule kwezi mveliso.
"Izityalo zengqolowa zigcwele yonke indawo kulo nyaka," utshilo uDick Neale, umphathi wezobugcisa eHutchinsons.
"Nasiphi na izityalo ezombiweyo ngoSeptemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthobha zinokuphathwa njengesiqhelo ngokwenkqubo yePGR, kugxilwe ekunciphiseni indawo yokuhlala."
Kuhlala kucingelwa ukuba ii-PGRs zenza ezinye ii-tillers, kodwa akunjalo.IiTillers zinxulunyaniswa nemveliso yamagqabi kwaye oku kunxulunyaniswa nexesha lobushushu, ngokukaMnumzana Neale.
Ukuba izityalo azigrunjwa kude kube nguNovemba, zivela ngokufanelekileyo ngoDisemba, zinexesha elincinane le-thermal lokuvelisa amagqabi kunye ne-tillers.
Nangona kungekho mlinganiselo wokulawula ukukhula oya kwandisa inani lezithako zokuhlakula kwisityalo, zisenokusetyenziswa kunye nenitrogen yokuqala njengendlela yokugcina izihlakuli ezininzi nangona zivunwa.
Kwakhona, ukuba izityalo zinamathupha etiller alungele ukugqabhuka, iiPGRs zingasetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo kodwa kuphela ukuba i-tiller bud ikhona ngokwenene.
Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza oku kukulinganisa iithafa ngokucinezela ukongamela kweapical kunye nokudala ukukhula kweengcambu okuthe kratya, okunokuthi kusetyenziswe iiPGRs xa zisetyenziswe kwangoko (phambi kwenqanaba lokukhula lama-31).
Nangona kunjalo, ii-PGR ezininzi azinakusetyenziswa phambi kwenqanaba lokukhula lama-30, ucebisa uMnu Neale, ngoko ke jonga iimvume kwileyibhile.
Kwirhasi yenza okufanayo nangengqolowa kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-30, kodwa qaphela ukukhula kokukhula kwezinye iimveliso.Emva koko kwi-31, amanani aphezulu e-prohexadione okanye i-trinexapac-ethyl, kodwa akukho 3C okanye i-Cycocel.
Isizathu soku kukuba ibhali ihlala ibuyela umva kwi-Cycocel kwaye inokubangela indawo yokuhlala eninzi isebenzisa i-chlormequat.
UMnu Neale wayeza kuhlala egqiba ibhali yasebusika kwinqanaba lokukhula 39 kunye ne-2-chloroethylphosphonic acid-based product.
“Okwangoku, irhasi ikwi-50% kuphela yobude bayo bokugqibela, ke ukuba kukho ukukhula okukhulu ngexesha lasemva kwexesha, unokubhaqwa.”
I-trinexapac-ethyl ethe ngqo kufuneka igalelwe ukungabikho ngaphezulu kwe-100ml/ha ukuze kuphunyezwe ukulawulwa kakuhle kwabemi bamathafa, kodwa oku akuyi kulawula ukwandiswa kwesikhondo sesityalo.
Kwangaxeshanye, izityalo zidinga ithamo eliqinileyo lenitrogen ukwenza izihlakulwa zikhule, zityhale kwaye zilungelelane ngaphandle.
Umnumzana Neale ucebisa ukuba buqu akazukusebenzisa i-chlormequat kwi-PGR yokuqala yokusetyenziswa kwetiller.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwisigaba sesibini sokusetyenziswa kwePGRs, abalimi kufuneka bajonge ngakumbi kulawulo lokukhula kokukhula kwesiqu.
“Abalimi kuya kufuneka balumke kulo nyaka, njengoko ivuka ingqolowa eyombiweyo emva kwexesha, iza kuyihambela,” ulumkisa ngelitshoyo uMnumzana Neale.
Kulindeleke kakhulu ukuba igqabi lesithathu lifike kwinqanaba lokukhula 31 kwaye hayi 32, ngoko ke abalimi kuya kufuneka bachonge ngononophelo igqabi eliphuma kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-31.
Ukusebenzisa umxube kwinqanaba lokukhula lama-31 kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zomelela kakuhle kwesikhondo ngaphandle kokuzifinyeza.
“Ndingasebenzisa iprohexadione, i-trinexapac-ethyl, okanye umxube onokufikelela kwi-1 litre/ha ye-chlormequat,” uyachaza.
Ukusebenzisa ezi zicelo kuya kuthetha ukuba awukenzi kakhulu kwaye iiPGR ziya kulawula umatshini njengoko bekucetyiwe kunokuba uwenze mfutshane.
"Yigcine imveliso esekwe kwi-2-chloroethylphosphonic acid kwipokotho yangasemva, njengoko singenako ukuqiniseka ukuba ukukhula kwentwasahlobo kuya kwenza ntoni ngokulandelayo," utshilo uMnu Neale.
Ukuba kusekho ukufuma emhlabeni kwaye nemozulu ishushu, neentsuku zokukhula ezinde, izityalo ezisemva kwexesha zinokusuka.
Ukhetho lwexesha lasemva kwexesha lokusebenzisa ukujongana nomngcipheko owongeziweyo wokufakwa kweengcambu ukuba kukho ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwesityalo kumhlaba omanzi.
Nangona kunjalo, nokuba yintoni na imozulu yasentwasahlobo iphosa, izityalo ezombiweyo emva kwexesha ziya kuba neengcambu ezincinci, ulumkisa uMnumzana Neale.
Owona mngcipheko mkhulu kulo nyaka iyakuba kukungcungcuthekiswa kweengcambu kwaye ingekuko ukuhlaliswa kwesiqu, njengoko imihlaba sele ikwimeko embi yesakhiwo kwaye inokusuka nje ivuleke kwiingcambu ezixhasayo.
Kulapho ukubonelela ngesiqu ngamandla kuya kuba yimfuneko, yiyo loo nto ukusetyenziswa nje ngobunono kwee-PGRs kuko konke okucetyiswa nguMnu Neale ngeli xesha lonyaka.
Ulumkisa ngelithi: “Musa ukulinda uze ubone emva koko ube ngumthwalo."Abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo bayiloo nto kanye - ukucuthwa kweendiza akuyonjongo ephambili."
Abalimi kufuneka bavavanye kwaye bacinge malunga nokuba nesondlo esaneleyo phantsi kwesityalo ukuze bakwazi ukusigcina nokulawula ngaxeshanye.
Izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo (PGRs) zijolise kwinkqubo yehomoni yesityalo kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwesityalo.
Kukho inani lamaqela ahlukeneyo emichiza achaphazela izityalo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye abalimi basoloko kufuneka bajonge ileyibhile phambi kokusebenzisa imveliso nganye.