Iincukuthu zetumato zinkulu, imibungu eluhlaza okhanyayo exobula amagqabi etumato, i-eggplant, ipepile kunye nezityalo zetapile.Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuzifumana kwiitumato.
Kunzima ukuyibona imibungu, kodwa abalimi bahlala bephawula ukuba onke amagqabi akwisebe elinye lesityalo setumata akakho-ukuqwalasela ngokusondeleyo kunokutyhila intshulube.Indlela elula yokulawula kukutsala imibungu kwisityalo uze uyiphose apho iintaka ziza kuzifumana zizityele khona.
Enye into ongayifuniyo ukukhetha i-tomato hawkmoth kuxa ubona amabala amhlophe ngasemva kwetumata.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-caterpillar i-parasitized kwaye igcwele amaqanda anenzuzo.Amaqanda aya kuqandusela aze adle iimopane, kwaye isizukulwana esitsha sokutya okunenzuzo siya kuveliswa.Abanye abalimi bayathanda ukukhulisa iimopane kuba ziya kuba ngamanundu amahle amakhulu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umbungu ofihliweyo awufumaneki ukuba ususwe ngesandla.Kule meko, ungasebenzisa i-Bt (i-insecticide, insecticide), i-spinosyn (ukugcinwa; i-Colorado potato beetle blender concentrate; I-Captain Jack's dead insect brewing, i-Monterey Garden insecticide) kunye ne-fluorine Cypermethrin (i-bio-premium yemifuno kunye ne-insecticide yegadi).Nika ingqalelo kwixesha lokuvuna, elilinani leentsuku phakathi kokutshiza nokuvunwa kweziqhamo.
Ibhungane eliluhlaza likaJuni sisinambuzane esikhulu, esimenyezelayo esiluhlaza ekulula ukusibona.Ezi qongqothwane azinabungozi, kodwa zihlala zibangela inkxalabo kuba ziyabhuza ngelixa zibhabha kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziphosakele kwiinyosi ezinkulu.Ukuba unama-apricot, i-nectarines, i-peaches, i-plums, i-plums, ii-apula, iipereyi, iidiliya, amakhiwane, ama-blackberries okanye ama-raspberries, ngoko ke abantu abadala kufuneka badle ezi ziqhamo xa zivuthiwe, ngoko kufuneka ukhathazeke malunga namabhungane aluhlaza kaJuni.Imibungu inokuzondla kwiingcambu zengca, kodwa eyona nto ikutyayo yi-humus emhlabeni.
Ukuba awunazo ezi ziqhamo, awudingi ukunyanga i-beetle eluhlaza kaJuni.Kubalimi beziqhamo, ungasebenzisa izitshabalalisi ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthintela ukondla.I-Carbenecarb (uthuli olusixhenxe), i-acetaminophen (iintyatyambo zaselumelwaneni, isibulali-zinambuzane seziqhamo nemifuno) kunye ne-malathion (i-Bonide malathion) zonke ziyasebenza.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke iiresiphi zeemarathon ezibhalwe ngeepesika kunye namaqunube amnyama, kodwa iBonide Marathon iyayenza.Njengeencukuthu zetumato, qaphela kakhulu ixesha lokuvuna phambi kokutshiza.
Amabhungane amaqamza amancinci (amabhungane angwevu-omnyama okanye amdaka aneesilinda ezinde) (0.5-0.75 intshi).Aba qongqothwane bahlutha izityalo ezininzi zokuhombisa kunye nemifuno, ngakumbi amagqabi etumata.Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba i-beetle i-blistering, qiniseka ukuba uyisuse kwisityalo ngeeglavu.Igama labo livela kwiCantharidin equlethwe ngamabhungane, into ecaphukisayo enokubangela amadyunguza esikhumbeni.
Ooqongqothwane banokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa imichiza.Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-cyfluthrin (i-bio advanced spray yemifuno kunye ne-garden insect) kunye ne-permethrin (i-Bonide Bahe i-lawn enesivuno esiphezulu, igadi kunye nokulawula izinambuzane zasefama).Sebenzisa izityalo ezidliwayo kwakhona, ubeke ingqalelo kwixesha lokuvuna.
Ngokuchaseneyo nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, iintshulube azilifunxi igazi lethu okanye zigqobhoze eluswini.Kunoko, ziluma umphezulu wolusu kwaye zikhuphe amathe ezetyisa iiseli zolusu.Ukuba bahlala kuphela emzimbeni ixesha elifutshane, abayi kubangela ukurhawuzelelwa okuninzi.Ukurhawuzelelwa ikakhulu kubangelwa yihistamine ekhutshwa ziiseli zolusu ezinyityilisiweyo.
Ukuba ukuluma kubangelwa yi-gg, ingaba yinto ebonisa kakuhle indawo yayo.Nangona ukulunywa kunokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni, ukulunywa kwe-chi-tight kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiimpahla eziqinileyo ezifana neekawusi kunye namabhanti enkunkuma, amaqatha, amadolo, kunye nomva wamakhwapha.
Kwingca, ukucheba kunye nokugcina impilo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umthamo we-chi.Xa ungaphandle, zama ukuziphepha iindawo ezinengca ende okanye ukhula, kwaye qiniseka ukuba awungqengqi okanye uhlale kwezi ndawo, ngakumbi emthunzini wemithi.Intlanzi ye-gg idume ngempahla yokungena, kodwa iibhutsi eziphezulu kunye neebhulukhwe zinokunceda ukuyeka imisebenzi ethile ehlabayo.Isitshizi sokugxotha izinambuzane esitshizwe kwiimpahla zongeza umqobo wokukhusela owongezelelweyo.Emva kokungena egumbini, nceda uhlambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uhlamba amaxesha amaninzi ngesepha.Iimpahla ezinxitywa ngaphandle kufuneka zihlanjwe ngoko nangoko.
Ukuba iikhemikhali zeacaricides zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, zihlala zisebenza ngokuchasene nezinambuzane ze-chi.E-Kansas, zininzi iimveliso ezibhaliselwe amantshontsho kunye namangolwane kwingca/ingca, kodwa ayizizo zonke iimveliso zezabaninimzi.Jonga ukufumaneka kwemveliso kwiivenkile ezithengisayo zengingqi okanye udibane nenkampani yokhathalelo lwengca.
Ibug yombulali yincukuthu ephawuleka kakuhle kwigadi yethu kulo nyaka.Iibhugi zokubulala ziza kwiimilo ezininzi kunye nobukhulu, nangona kulo nyaka sifumene iingxelo ezininzi zezinambuzane ezinkulu ezingwevu ezinemilenze emide kunye neempondo.Ezi zinambuzane zizilwanyana ezitya inyama ezitya iintshaba zendalo, eziquka iintwala kunye neemopane.Zithiywa ngeendlela ezininzi ezihenda ngazo izinambuzane kunye namaxhoba ukuba adibane ngokusondeleyo, ngamanye amaxesha ade alandele ezinye izinambuzane aze azilume ngeenxalenye zomlomo ezigqojoziweyo.
Nangona sicinga ukuba iincukuthu zababulali ngabahlobo bethu egadini, kungcono babe ngumhlobo omnye.Kuthiwa ziluma, ekuthiwa zibuhlungu kakhulu.
Ariel Whitely-Noll is the gardening agent of Shawnee County Research and Extension. You can contact her at arielw@ksu.edu.
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