Roberto Lopez le Kellie Walters, Lefapha la Temo ea Lirapa, Univesithi ea Naha ea Michigan-May 16, 2017
Thempereichara ea moea le alkalinity ea metsi a tsamaisang nakong ea kopo e tla ama katleho ea kopo ea ethephon plant growth regulator (PGR).
Litaolo tsa kholo ea limela (PGR) hangata li sebelisoa e le li-sprays tsa foliar, li-substrate infusions, li-infusions tsa lining kapa bulbs, tubers le rhizomes infusions/infusions.Ho sebelisa mehloli ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa semela lijalong tsa sethopo ho ka thusa balemi ho hlahisa limela tse tšoanang le tse kopaneng tse ka pakoang habonolo, tsa tsamaisoa le ho rekisetsoa bareki.Boholo ba li-PGR tse sebelisoang ke balemi ba sethopo (mohlala, pyrethroid, chlorergot, damazine, fluoxamide, paclobutrazol kapa uniconazole) li thibela ho lelefatsa ha stem ka ho thibela biosynthesis ea gibberellins (GAs) (Khōlo e atolositsoeng) Gibberellin ke hormone ea ho hōla e laolang hape.Mme kutu e telele.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ethephon (2-chloroethyl; phosphonic acid) ke PGR e nang le litšebeliso tse ngata hobane e ntša ethylene (homone ea semela e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho hōla le ho ruruha) ha e sebelisoa.E ka sebelisoa ho thibela ho hola ha stem;eketsa bophara ba stem;fokotsa puso ea apical, e lebisang ho eketseha ha makala le kholo ea lateral;le ho baka ho tšolloa ha lipalesa le li-buds (ho ntša mpa) (setšoantšo sa 1).
Ka mohlala, haeba e sebelisoa nakong ea ho ikatisa, e ka beha "oache ea likokoana-hloko" ea lijalo tse thunyang ka nakoana kapa tse sa lekaneng (tse kang Impatiens New Guinea) ho ea ho zero ka ho etsa hore lipalesa le lipalesa li ntšoe (setšoantšo sa 2).Ntle le moo, balemi ba bang ba e sebelisa ho eketsa lekala le ho fokotsa bolelele ba kutu ea petunia (setšoantšo sa 3).
Setšoantšo sa 2. Ho thunya pele ho nako le ho se lekane le ho ikatisa ha Impatiens New Guinea.Setšoantšo ke Roberto Lopez, Univesithi ea Naha ea Michigan.
Setšoantšo sa 3. Petunia e phekoloang ka ethephon e ne e eketsehile makala, e fokotsehile ka hare ho internode le lipalesa tsa lipalesa tse senyehileng.Setšoantšo ke Roberto Lopez, Univesithi ea Naha ea Michigan.
Ethephon (ka mohlala, Florel, 3.9% ea motsoako o sebetsang; kapa Collate, 21.7% e sebetsang) li-sprays hangata li sebelisoa ho lijalo tsa sethopo beke ho isa ho tse peli ka mor'a hore li jale, 'me li ka sebelisoa hape libeke tse peli hamorao.Lintho tse ngata li ama katleho ea eona, ho kenyelletsa le karo-karolelano, molumo, tšebeliso ea li-surfactants, pH ea tharollo ea spray, mongobo oa substrate le mongobo oa sethopo.
Litaba tse latelang li tla u ruta mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea li-sprays tsa ethephon ka ho beha leihlo le ho lokisa lintlha tse peli tse atisang ho hlokomolohuoa setso le tikoloho tse amang katleho.
Ho tšoana le lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tsa sethopo le lisebelisoa tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa limela, hangata ethephon e sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa mokelikeli (spray).Ha ethephon e fetoleloa ho ethylene, e fetoha ho tloha ho metsi ho ea ho khase.Haeba ethephon e bolile hore e be ethylene ka ntle ho fektheri, boholo ba lik'hemik'hale li tla lahleha moeeng.Ka hona, re batla hore e monoe ke limela pele e robeha hore e be ethylene.Ha boleng ba pH bo ntse bo eketseha, ethephon e senyeha kapele ho ba ethylene.Sena se bolela hore sepheo ke ho boloka pH ea tharollo ea spray pakeng tsa 4 ho ea ho 5 e khothalletsoang ka mor'a ho eketsa ethephon ho metsi a tsamaisang.Hangata sena ha se bothata, hobane ethephon e na le asiti ea tlhaho.Leha ho le joalo, haeba alkalinity ea hau e phahame, pH e ka 'na ea se ke ea oela ka har'a mefuta e khothalletsoang,' me ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u kenye letsoho, joalo ka acid (sulfuric acid kapa adjuvant, pHase5 kapa indicator 5) ho theola pH..
Ethephon e na le asiti ea tlhaho.Ha mahloriso a ntse a eketseha, pH ea tharollo e tla fokotseha.Ha alkalinity ea sesebelisoa sa metsi e fokotseha, pH ea tharollo le eona e tla fokotseha (setšoantšo sa 4).Sepheo sa ho qetela ke ho boloka pH ea tharollo ea spray pakeng tsa 4 le 5. Leha ho le joalo, balemi ba metsi a hloekisitsoeng (alkalinity e tlaase) ba ka 'na ba hloka ho eketsa li-buffers tse ling ho thibela pH ea tharollo ea spray hore e be tlaase haholo (pH e ka tlaase ho 3.0). ).
Setšoantšo sa 4. Phello ea metsi a alkalinity le ethephon concentration ho pH ea tharollo ea spray.Mohala o motšo o bonts'a sejana sa metsi se khothalelitsoeng pH 4.5.
Phuputsong ea morao-rao e tsoang Univesithing ea Michigan State, re sebelisitse li-alkalinity tse tharo tse tsamaisang metsi (50, 150 le 300 ppm CaCO3) le ethephon e mene (Collat ​​e, Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA; 0, 250, 500 le 750) ba sebelisitse mahloriso a ethephon (ppm) ho ivy geranium, petunia le verbena.Re fumane hore ha alkalinity ea sephethephethe sa metsi e fokotseha 'me mahloriso a ethephon a eketseha, kholo ea ductility e fokotseha (setšoantšo sa 5).
Setšoantšo sa 5. Phello ea metsi a alkalinity le mahloriso a ethephon holim'a lekala le lipalesa tsa ivy geranium.Senepe ke Kelly Walters.
Ka hona, MSU Extension e khothalletsa hore u hlahlobe alkalinity ea metsi a carrier pele u sebelisa ethephon.Sena se ka etsoa ka ho romela sampole ea metsi laboratoring eo u e ratang, kapa u ka leka metsi ka meter ea alkalinity e tšoaroang ka letsoho (setšoantšo sa 6) ebe u etsa litokiso tse hlokahalang joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ka holimo.Ka mor'a moo, eketsa ethephon 'me u hlahlobe pH ea tharollo ea spray ka pH meter e tšoaroang ka letsoho ho etsa bonnete ba hore e pakeng tsa 4 le 5.
Setšoantšo sa 6. Metara ea alkalinity e nkehang ka letsoho, e ka sebelisoang matlong a limela ho fumana hore na metsi a na le alkalinity e kae.Senepe ke Kelly Walters.
Re boetse re entse qeto ea hore mocheso nakong ea tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale o tla boela o ame ho sebetsa ha ethephon.Ha mocheso oa moea o ntse o eketseha, sekhahla sa ho lokolloa ha ethylene ho tloha ethephon sea eketseha, ka khopolo e fokotsa katleho ea eona.Ho tsoa lipatlisisong tsa rona, re fumane hore ethephon e na le ts'ebetso e lekaneng ha mocheso oa kopo o pakeng tsa 57 le 73 degrees Fahrenheit.Leha ho le joalo, ha mocheso o nyolohela ho likhato tse 79 tsa Fahrenheit, ethephon e ne e batla e se na phello ho kholo ea elongation, esita le khōlo ea lekala kapa ho ntša mpa ea lipalesa (setšoantšo sa 7).
Setšoantšo sa 7. Phello ea mocheso oa kopo ka katleho ea 750 ppm ethephon spray ka petunia.Senepe ke Kelly Walters.
Haeba u na le alkalinity e phahameng ea metsi, ka kopo sebelisa sehlaseli kapa se thusang ho fokotsa alkalinity ea metsi pele u kopanya motsoako oa sefafatsi 'me qetellong u fihlele boleng ba pH ba tharollo ea spray.Nahana ka ho fafatsa li-sprays tsa ethephon matsatsing a maru, hoseng kapa mantsiboea ha mocheso oa sethopo o le ka tlase ho 79 F.
Kea leboha.Lintlha tsena li thehiloe mosebetsing o tšehetsoeng ke Fine Americas, Inc., Western Michigan Greenhouse Association, Detroit Metropolitan Flower Growers Association, le Ball Horticultural Co.
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Michigan State University ke ketso e tiileng, mohiri oa menyetla e lekanang, e ikemiselitseng ho khothaletsa motho e mong le e mong ho fihlela bokhoni ba bona bo felletseng ka basebetsi ba fapaneng le moetlo o kenyeletsang ho fihlela bokhabane.Merero ea katoloso ea Univesithi ea Michigan State le lisebelisoa li bulehetse motho e mong le e mong, ho sa tsotelehe morabe, 'mala, semelo sa naha, tekano, bong, bolumeli, lilemo, bophahamo, boima, kholofalo, litumelo tsa lipolotiki, maikutlo a thobalano, boemo ba lenyalo, boemo ba lelapa kapa ho tlohela mosebetsi. Boemo ba sesole.Ka tšebelisano-’moho le Lefapha la Temo la United States, e ile ea ntšoa ka phahamiso ea MSU ho tloha ka la 8 Motšeanong ho ea ho Phuptjane 30, 1914. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Mookameli oa Katoloso ea MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Lintlha tsena ke tsa merero ea thuto feela.Ho boleloa ha lihlahisoa tsa khoebo kapa mabitso a khoebo ha ho bolele hore li amohetsoe ke Katoloso ea MSU kapa lihlahisoa tse ntle tse sa boleloang.Lebitso la 4-H le logo li sirelelitsoe ka ho khetheha ke Congress mme li sirelelitsoe ka khoutu ea 18 USC 707.