Erin Lizotte, Michigan State University Extension, MSU Department of Entomology Dave Smitley le Jill O'Donnell, MSU Extension-April 1, 2015
Likokoana-hloko tsa Spruce ke likokoanyana tsa bohlokoa tsa lifate tsa Keresemese tsa Michigan.Ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho ka thusa balemi ho sireletsa likokoanyana tse jang likokoanyana, ka hona ho thusa ho laola likokoanyana tsena tsa bohlokoa.
Michigan, spruce spider mite (Oligonuchus umunguis) ke likokoanyana tsa bohlokoa tsa lifate tsa coniferous.Kokoana ena e nyenyane e hlasela lifate tsohle tsa Keresemese tse rekisoang 'me hangata e baka tahlehelo e khōlō ea moruo temong ea spruce le Fraser fir.Libakeng tsa masimo a laoloang ka moetlo, palo ea likokoanyana tse jang likokoanyana e nyane ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, kahoo likokoanyana tsa sekho hangata ke tse senyang lijalo.Likokoana-hloko li molemo ho balemi hobane li ja likokoanyana le ho thusa ho laola bongata ba batho.Ntle le bona, palo ea sekho ea spruce e tla phatloha ka tšohanyetso, e baka tšenyo ea lifate.
Ha nako ea selemo e ntse e atamela, balemi ba lokela ho itokisetsa ho eketsa merero ea bona ea ho tsoma mite.E le ho bona likokoanyana tsa sekho sa spruce, balemi ba lokela ho etsa mohlala oa lifate tse ngata tšimong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe 'me ba etse bonnete ba hore ba khetha lifate ho tloha libakeng tse sa tšoaneng le mela e fapaneng ka hare le ka ntle.Mehlala e meholo ea lifate e tla eketsa ho nepahala ha balemi ha ba hlahloba palo ea batho le likotsi tse ka bang teng.Boikoetliso bo lokela ho etsoa nakong eohle ea selemo, eseng feela ka mor'a hore matšoao a hlahe, hobane hangata e se e le morao haholo bakeng sa phekolo e sebetsang.Tsela e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea ho lemoha likokoanyana tse kholo le tse nyenyane ke ho sisinya kapa ho otla makala ka boto ea scout kapa pampiri (setšoantšo sa 1).
Lehe la spruce spider mite ke bolo e nyane e kgubedu e kganyang e nang le moriri bohareng.Mahe a qhotsoang a tla bonahala a hlakile (setšoantšo sa 2).Mokhahlelong oa boikoetliso, sekho se senyane haholo 'me se na le sebopeho sa 'mele o bonolo.Sekho se seholo sa spruce spider mite ke sebopeho se tiileng sa oval se nang le moriri ka holim'a mpa.Letlalo la letlalo lea fapana, empa Tetranychus spruce hangata e tala, botala bo lefifi kapa e batla e le ntšo, 'me ha ho mohla e tšoeu, e pinki kapa e khubelu e khanyang.Likokoana-hloko tse ruisang molemo hangata li tšoeu, tse tšoeu, tse pinki kapa tse khubelu tse khanyang, 'me li ka khetholloa ho likokoanyana tse senyang ka ho shebella mesebetsi ea tsona.Ha e tšoenngoa, likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo tse kholo li atisa ho tsamaea ka potlako ho feta likokoanyana tse senyang likokoanyana, 'me li ka hlokomeloa hore li tsamaea ka potlako ho scout board.Likho tse khubelu tsa spruce li atisa ho khasa butle.
Photo 2. Batho ba baholo ba spruce spider mites le mahe.Mohloli oa setšoantšo: USDA FS-Northeast Regional Archives, Bugwood.org
Matsoao a tšenyo ea spruce spider mite a kenyelletsa chlorosis, lihlaba tsa nale le ho fifala esita le maqeba a sootho a makhasi, a ka qetellang a nametse sefateng kaofela.Ha u bona kotsi ka seipone sa letsoho, matšoao a hlaha e le matheba a manyane a mosehla a pota-potileng sebaka sa ho fepa (setšoantšo sa 3).Ka ho beha leihlo ka hloko, taolo ea ho hanyetsa le tšebeliso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e seng kotsi ho likokoanyana tsa tlhaho, likokoanyana tsa sekho sa spruce li ka thibeloa hore li senyehe.Tsela e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea ho fumana litlhoko tsa tsamaiso ke ho hlahloba hore na lipatlisiso li bontša hore palo ea batho e ntse e eketseha kapa e boemong ba tšenyo.Ke habohlokoa ho hopola hore palo ea spruce spider mite e feto-fetoha ka potlako, kahoo ho sheba feela tšenyo ea sefate ha ho bontše ka nepo hore na phekolo ea hlokahala, hobane batho ba shoeleng ho tloha ka nako eo ba ka 'na ba baka tšenyo, kahoo ho fafatsa ha ho na thuso. .
Setšoantšo sa 3. Nale ea ho fepa sekho sa spruce e senyehile.Mokitlane oa setšoantšo: John A. Weidhass oa Virginia Tech le State University Bugwood.org
Tafole e latelang e na le mekhoa ea phekolo ea hona joale, sehlopha sa tsona sa lik'hemik'hale, boemo ba bophelo ba tsona, ho sebetsa hantle, nako ea taolo le chefo e amanang le likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo.Haeba chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sa sebelisoe, likho tse khubelu ha se hangata e bang bothata, hobane likokoanyana tse jang likokoanyana li tla li boloka li le tlas'a taolo.Leka ho qoba ho fafatsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ho khothaletsa taolo ea tlhaho.
Chlorpyrifos 4E AG, Government 4E, Hatchet, Lorsban Advanced, Lorsban 4E, Lorsban 75WG, Nufos 4E, Quali-Pro Chlorpyrifos 4E, Warhawk, Whirlwind, Yuma 4E chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, Vulcan (rif e chefo)
Avid 0.15EC, Ardent 0.15EC, mokhabiso o bonaletsang, Nufarm Abamectin, Minx Quali-Pro Abamectin 0.15EC, Timectin 0.15ECT&O (abamectin)
Appreciate Pro, Couraze 2F, Couraze 4F, Mallet 75WSP, Nuprid 1.6F, Pasada 1.6F, Prey, Provado 1.6F, Sherpa, Widow, Wrangler (imidacloprid)
1 Mefuta ea motsamao e kenyelletsa li- mite larvae, nymphs le mekhahlelo ea batho ba baholo.2S e batla e bolokehile ho liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, M e chefo e itekanetseng, 'me H e chefo haholo.3Avermectin, thiazole le tetronic acid acaricides li lieha, kahoo balemi ha baa lokela ho makala haeba mite e ntse e phela ka mor'a kopo.Ho ka nka matsatsi a 7 ho isa ho a 10 ho bona lefu le felletseng.4 Oli ea serapeng e ka baka phytotoxicity, haholo ha e sebelisoa lehlabula, 'me e ka fokotsa' mala o moputsoa ho spruce blue.Hangata ho bolokehile ho fafatsa oli e hloekisitsoeng haholo ea lirapa ka motsoako oa 1% ka nako leha e le efe ea selemo, empa ha mahloriso a le 2% kapa ho feta, a ka senya lithunthung tse bakoang ke liphetoho tsa likristale tsa leqhoa tsa spruce le ho baka matšoao a mabe. ..5 Letšoao la Apollo le lokela ho baloa le ho lateloa ka hloko ho netefatsa tšebeliso e nepahetseng le ho liehisa tsoelo-pele ea khanyetso.
Li-pyrethroids, organophosphates le abamectins kaofela li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho kokota le taolo e setseng ea likokoanyana tsa sekho nakong ea bophelo bo mafolofolo, empa litlamorao tsa tsona tse bolaeang likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo li li etsa khetho e mpe ea kalafo.Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha lira tsa tlhaho le likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo, ho phatloha ha batho ba sekho ba sekho, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsena hangata e hloka ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa nakong ena.Neonicotine, e nang le imidacloprid e le motsoako o sebetsang, hape ke khetho e mpe bakeng sa ho laola likokoana-hloko tsa spruce, 'me maemong a mang e ka baka ho qhoma ha likokoanyana tsa sekho.
Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse boletsoeng ka holimo, li-carbamates, quinolones, pyridazinones, quinazoline le ethoxazole ea likokoana-hloko tse laolang likokoanyana kaofela li bontša liphello tse ntle ho Tetranychus spruce le ho leka-lekana ho likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo.chefo.Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsena e tla fokotsa kotsi ea ho qhoma ha mite le ho fana ka libeke tse tharo ho isa ho tse 'nè tsa taolo ea masala bakeng sa mekhahlelo eohle ea bophelo ea likokoana-hloko tsa spruce, empa etozol e na le ts'ebetso e fokolang ho batho ba baholo.
Asiti ea Tetronic, thiazole, sulfite le oli ea horticultural le tsona li bontša litlamorao tse ntle ho bolelele bo setseng ba sekho.Oli ea limela e na le likotsi tsa phytotoxicity le chlorosis, kahoo balemi ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi ha ba sebelisa lihlahisoa tse ncha kapa mefuta e sa phekoloang.Asiti ea Tetronic, thiazole, sulfite le oli ea horticultural le tsona li na le melemo ea tlatsetso ea bohlokoa, ke hore, e batla e bolokehile ho likokoanyana tse jang liphoofolo 'me e na le monyetla o tlase oa ho baka ho phatloha ha mite.
Balemi ba ka ’na ba fumana hore ho hlokahala phekolo e fetang e le ’ngoe, haholo-holo ha khatello ea baahi e phahame, kapa ha ho sebelisoa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e sa sebetseng maemong ’ohle a bophelo.Ka kopo bala lengolo ka hloko, kaha lihlahisoa tse ling li ka sebelisoa feela ka mofuta o le mong ka sehla.Mathoasong a selemo, hlahloba linale le makala bakeng sa mahe a Tetranychus spruce.Haeba mahe a le mangata, tlotsa oli ea limela ka bongata ba 2% ho a bolaea pele a qhotsoa.Oli ea boleng bo holimo ea lirapa e nang le motsoako oa 2% e bolokehile bakeng sa lifate tse ngata tsa Keresemese, ntle le spruce e putsoa, ​​e lahleheloang ke boputsoa ba eona ka mor'a ho fafatsoa ka oli.
E le ho liehisa nts'etsopele ea li-anti-acaricides, Lefapha la Phatlalatso ea Univesithi ea Michigan State le khothalletsa balemi ho latela litlhahiso tsa label, ho fokotsa palo ea lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tse sebelisoang ka nako e itseng, le ho khetha li-acaricides ho tsoa ho likokoanyana tse fetang bonngoe.Ka mohlala, ha palo ea baahi e qala ho eketseha, balemi ba ka 'na ba tšela oli e sa sebetseng nakong ea selemo ebe ba sebelisa asiti ea tetronic.Kopo e latelang e lokela ho tsoa sehlopheng se seng ntle le tetrahydroacid.
Melao ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e lula e fetoha, 'me lintlha tse fanoeng sehloohong sena li ke ke tsa nkela litaelo tsa lileibole sebaka.E le hore u itšireletse, u sireletse ba bang le tikoloho, ka kopo etsa bonnete ba hore u bala le ho latela letšoao.
Boitsebiso bona bo thehiloe mosebetsing o tšehetsoeng ke Setsi sa Sechaba sa Lijo le Temo sa Lefapha la Temo la United States tlas'a nomoro ea tumellano 2013-41534-21068.Maikutlo afe kapa afe, liphetho, liqeto, kapa likhothaletso tse hlahisitsoeng khatisong ena ke tsa mongoli 'me ha li hlile ha li bontše maikutlo a Lefapha la Temo la United States.
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Sekolo sa Patlisiso se na le li-webinars tse 22 tse tsoang ho litsebi tsa ts'ireletso ea lijalo tse tsoang liunivesithing tse 11 tse Midwest, tse fanoeng ke CPN.
Michigan State University ke ketso e tiileng, mohiri oa menyetla e lekanang, e ikemiselitseng ho khothaletsa motho e mong le e mong ho fihlela bokhoni ba bona bo felletseng ka basebetsi ba fapaneng le moetlo o kenyeletsang ho fihlela bokhabane.
Merero ea katoloso ea Univesithi ea Michigan State le lisebelisoa li bulehetse motho e mong le e mong, ho sa tsotelehe morabe, 'mala, semelo sa naha, tekano, bong, bolumeli, lilemo, bophahamo, boima, kholofalo, litumelo tsa lipolotiki, maikutlo a thobalano, boemo ba lenyalo, boemo ba lelapa kapa ho tlohela mosebetsi. Boemo ba sesole.Ka tšebelisano-'moho le Lefapha la Temo la United States, e ile ea fanoa ka papatso ea MSU ho tloha ka May 8 ho ea ho June 30, 1914. Quentin Tyler, Mookameli oa Nakoana, Lefapha la Ntšetso-pele la MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Lintlha tsena ke tsa merero ea thuto feela.Ho boleloa ha lihlahisoa tsa khoebo kapa mabitso a khoebo ha ho bolele hore li amohetsoe ke Katoloso ea MSU kapa lihlahisoa tse ntle tse sa boleloang.