Faa'iidooyinka Glufosinate-p waxaa door biday shirkado aad iyo aad u wanaagsan.Sida loo yaqaan dhammaan, glyphosate, paraquat, iyo glyphosate waa troika herbicides.

1986-kii, Shirkadda Hurst (Kadib Shirkadda Bayer ee Jarmalka) waxay ku guulaysatay inay si toos ah u soo saarto glyphosate iyada oo loo marayo isku-dhafka kiimikada.Ka dib, glyphosate waxay noqotay sheyga ugu weyn ee dhir-dhimista ee Shirkadda Bayer.Glyphosate ma aha oo kaliya inay si dhakhso ah u disho haramaha, laakiin sidoo kale haramaha ma fududa in ay cagaar noqdaan, oo aan waxyeello u geysan xididdada gacmeed ee dalagyada kale, sidaas darteed waxay si dhakhso ah u haysataa meel ka mid ah duurka dhirta.Glyphosate waa lammaane ka mid ah nooca L-ga iyo nooca D-Glyphosate (ie isku dhafka nooca L-nooca iyo nooca D ee xisaabinta 50% siday u kala horreeyaan).Kaliya nooca L-Glyphosate ayaa leh saameyn herbicidal ah, halka nooca D-Glyphosate uusan lahayn wax dhaqdhaqaaq ah oo aan wax saameyn ah ku yeelan dhirta.Hadhaaga D-glufosinate ee dusha sare ee dhirta ayaa saameyn xun ku leh dadka, xoolaha iyo deegaanka.Nooca L-glyphosate waxaa hadda loo yaqaan Glufosinate-p.

Glufosinate-p waxay u beddeshaa qaabaynta D-da ee aan ansax ahayn ee glyphosate-ka qaabaynta wax ku oolka leh ee L.Qiyaasta aragtida ee mu kasta waxa lagu dhimi karaa 50%, taas oo si weyn hoos u dhigaysa qiimaha dawooyinka asalka ah ee soo saaraha, kharashka habaynta, kharashka gaadiidka, kharashka wakiilka, iyo kharashka daawada beeralayda.Intaa waxaa dheer, Glufosinate-p, halkii glyphosate, waxay sidoo kale hoos u dhigi kartaa gelinta 50% walaxda aan waxtarka lahayn ee deegaanka, taas oo aad u saaxiibtinimo deegaanka oo aad u badan oo la socota hagida siyaasadda qaranka ee yaraynta isticmaalka bacriminta iyo kordhinta waxtarka.Glufosinate-p ma aha oo kaliya ka badbaado, oo ku fiican milanka biyaha, xasilloonida qaab dhismeedka, laakiin sidoo kale laba jeer hawlaha herbicidal ee glyphosate iyo afar jeer ka glyphosate.

Diiwaangelinta iyo habka

Bishii Oktoobar iyo Noofambar 2014, Meiji Fruit Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. waxay noqotay shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee iska diiwaangelisa dawooyinka farsamada Glufosinate-p iyo diyaarinta Shiinaha.Bishii Abriil 17, 2015, Zhejiang Yongnong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. waxaa loo ogolaaday inay iska diiwaangeliyaan dawada labaad ee Glufosinate-p ee Shiinaha.Sannadka 2020, Lear Chemical Co., Ltd. waxay noqon doontaa shirkaddii saddexaad ee iska diwaangelisa dawooyinka farsamada Glufosinate-p gudaha Shiinaha, oo ay hesho shahaadada diiwaangelinta SL ee 10% Glufosinate-p ammonium salt, taas oo bilaabi doonta codsiga Glufosinate-p in suuqa gudaha.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha waaweyn ee gudaha waxaa ka mid ah Yongnong Bio, Lear, Qizhou Green, Shandong Yisheng, Shandong Lvba, iwm, iyo Hebei Weiyuan iyo Jiamusi Heilong ayaa sidoo kale sameynaya tijaabooyin tijaabo ah.

Ka dib sanado badan oo cilmi baaris ah, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee ammonium phosphate wanaagsan ayaa horumarisay ilaa jiilka saddexaad.Khadka soosaarka fosfooraska ee L-ammonium ee dhowaan la dhisay ee la soo bandhigay bilowga maqaalku wuxuu qaadanayaa tignoolajiyada jiilka saddexaad.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, geeddi-socodka guud ee Glufosinate-p waxaa inta badan loo qaybiyaa isku-dhafka kiimikaad iyo isbeddelka qaab-dhismeedka bioptic, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin u gaar ah marka loo eego isbeddelada suuqa.Shiinaha ayaa safka hore kaga jiray adduunka dhanka cilmi-baarista, horumarinta, wax-soo-saarka iyo adeegsiga Glufosinate-p, gaar ahaan habka wax-soo-saarka ee Glufosinate-p oo ku tiirsan tignoolajiyada bayoloji synthetic.Iyada oo qaan-gaarnimada tignoolajiyada R&D madax-bannaan iyo wax-soo-saarka baaxadda leh ee shirkadaha ku habboon, Glufosinate-p xaqiiqdii waxay noqon doontaa xoog horumarineed oo cusub suuqa mustaqbalka ee dhirta.

Xarunta guud

(1) Isku-darka Glufosinate-p iyo Dicamba waxay leedahay saameyn isku-dhafan oo wanaagsan iyo saameyn isku-dhafan, taas oo si wax ku ool ah loogu isticmaali karo xakamaynta dhirta dulqaadka leh, cawska duugga ah, iwm, si wax ku ool ah u wanaajiso xakamaynta Glufosinate-p iyo Dicamba oo si weyn u kordhiya muddada.

(2) Glufosinate-p oo lagu qasay glyphosate waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xakameeyo cawska daba-dheeraada, cawska fidsan iyo haramaha.Iyada oo la isku daro maaddooyinka firfircoon ee badan, waxtarka xakamaynta haramaha daba-dheeraada waa la hagaajin karaa, saameynta degdega ah ee daawada waa la hagaajin karaa, xajmiga dilka haramaha waa la ballaarin karaa, qiyaasta daawada waa la dhimi karaa.

(3) Glufosinate-p oo lagu qasay hal ama in ka badan oo ah herbicides sulfonylurea ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xakameeyo cawska cawska, haramaha ballaaran iyo haramaha.Isku darka maaddooyinka firfircoon ee badan waxay ballaarin karaan xajmiga dilka haramaha, yaraynta ama baabi'inta waxyeelada heerkulka sare, waxayna yareyn kartaa dareenka cimilada roobka iyo roobka.

Rajada beerta transgenic

Dagaalka juqraafiyeedka iyo sicir-bararka ka jira dalal badan ayaa soo dedejiyay cunno yarida adduunka iyo dhibaatada tamarta, taas oo kordhin doonta aagga beeritaanka dalagyada hidde ahaan la beddelay sida soybean iyo galleyda adduunka oo dhan;Inkasta oo aysan jirin hadhuudh weyn oo ku lug leh dalagyada transgenic ee Shiinaha hadda, siyaasado khuseeya ayaa la soo bandhigay midba midka kale.Ganacsiga dalagyada transgenic ayaa la filayaa in si tartiib tartiib ah loo wanaajiyo iyadoo la raacayo heerka oggolaanshaha noocyada transgenic ee la soo saaray Juun 2022.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, codsiga glyphosate wuxuu inta badan ku badan yahay kufsiga, soybean, miraha iyo khudaarta iyo beeraha kale.Tan iyo 1995, shirkadaha waaweyn ee caalamiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan Agfo (noocyada dalagga GM waa kufsi iyo galley), Aventis (noocyada dalagga GM waa galley), Bayer (noocyada dalagga GM waa suuf, soybean iyo kufsi), DuPont Pioneer (dalagga GM) noocyo waa kufsi) iyo Syngenta (noocyada dalagga GM waa soybean), waxay sameeyeen dalagyo u adkaysta glyphosate.Iyada oo la soo bandhigay caalami ahaan hiddo-wadaha iska caabbinta glyphosate ee in ka badan 20 dalagga sida bariiska, sarreenka, galleyda, dabocase sonkorta, tubaakada, soybean, suufka, baradhada, yaanyada, kufsiga iyo sonkorta , glyphosate waxay noqotay tan labaad ee ugu dulqaadka badan ee dhirta dhirta ee dalagyada transgenic ee adduunka.Iyo Glufosinate-p, oo ka ammaan badan glyphosate caadiga ah oo leh dhaqdhaqaaq sare, waxay sidoo kale keeni doontaa xilligeeda sii kordhaya ee hawo-mareenka dabaysha.Waxay noqon doontaa badeeco kacaan ah oo leh mug weyn, waxayna u badan tahay inay noqoto badeecad kale oo ifafaale ah oo ku taal suuqa dhirta ka dib glyphosate.

Glufosinate-p waa badeecadii ugu horeysay ee sunta cayayaanka culus ee Shiinaha oo leh xuquuqo madax-bannaan oo hanti aqooneed iyada oo loo marayo cilmi-baaris madax-bannaan iyo horumarin, oo ka dhigan horumarka tignoolajiyada Shiinaha ee warshadaha.Glufosinate-p waxa laga yaabaa inay wax weyn ku soo kordhiso warshadaha sunta cayayaanka marka la eego dhaqaalaha, waxtarka, ilaalinta deegaanka, iwm. Waxaa la aaminsan yahay in Glufosinate-p ay noqon doonto badeeco kale oo buluug ah oo ka mid ah dawooyinka herbicides ee aan sugi karno sanadaha soo socda.