Benjamin Phillips, Fidinta Jaamacadda Gobolka Michigan;iyo Mary Mary Hausbeck, Waaxda Dhirta, Ciidda iyo Sayniska Microbiology, MSU-May 1, 2019
Chlorothalonil (Bravo / Echo / Equus) waa fungicides FRAC M5, oo loo yaqaan inay fududahay in la isticmaalo sida badeecad gooni ah ama saaxiib isku darka taangiga, waxayna ka hortagi kartaa cudur-sidaha khudradda badan.Tusaalooyinka qaarkood ee fungicides chlorothalonil ee loo isticmaalo in lagu xakameeyo cudurada waxaa ka mid ah yaanyo ryegrass caleen blight iyo qudhun khudaar, yaanyo xabagta dambe, yaanyo anthracnose qudhun miro bislaaday, cercospora iyo/ama caleen brown iyo celery petiole blight , Alternaria alternata iyo jarjar cercospora caleemaha iyo karootada petiole, guduudan. dhibco ku yaal dhir cad, baro guduudan oo basasha ah, toonta iyo caleenta, iyo Alternaria beddelka qajaarka, bocorka, bocorka iyo qaraha.Marka lagu daro tusaalooyinkan cudurada, chlorothalonil sidoo kale waxay u adeegtaa sidii lammaane isku dhafan taangiga oo muhiim ah waxaana loo isticmaali karaa fungicide ka hortagga caariyaysiga hoose.Sababo la xiriira habab badan oo ficil ah, badeecada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si isdaba joog ah iyo si isdaba joog ah.
Waqtiyada yaraanta, fungicides kale ayaa la isticmaali karaa, iyo fungicides kale ayaa la dooran karaa si loo hubiyo in dalagyada khudradda la ilaaliyo.Waaxda Fidinta Jaamacadda Gobolka Michigan waxay ku talinaysaa inaad fiiro gaar ah u yeelato koodhka FRAC markaad go'aansato inaad isticmaasho fungicide kale oo ballaadhan.
Mancozeb waxaa loo heli karaa sida Manzate ama Dithane.Waa fungiciide FRAC M3 ballaaran oo saameyn la mid ah chlorothalonil.Waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu buuxiyo daldaloolo badan oo sababi kara dhibaatooyin ay sabab u tahay yaraanta chlorothalonil.Nasiib darro, calaamadda mancozeb ayaa ka maqan qaar ka mid ah macluumaadka diiwaangelinta dalagga, oo ay ku jiraan sprouts Brussels, karootada, brokoli, celery iyo leeks.Sidoo kale, inta u dhaxaysa goosashada ka hor ee canbaha ayaa ah mid aad u dheer oo 5 maalmood ah, taas oo adkeyn karta isticmaalka dalagyada dhaqsaha badan u baxa sida qajaarka, squash xagaaga iyo squash xagaaga.Sababtoo ah habab badan oo ficil ah, badeecada waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si isdaba joog ah iyo si isdaba joog ah, laakiin qaababka qaarkood ayaa kaliya loo isticmaali karaa dhir afar jeer ugu badnaan iyo dalagyada canabka ah ee siddeed codsiyada ugu badnaan.
Qalabka loo yaqaan 'Switch' waa nidaam fangaseed jirka la mariyo oo ballaaran oo isku jira fludemonil (FRAC 9) iyo ciprodinil (FRAC 12).Waxay si firfircoon uga hortagtaa nabarrada caleenta Alternaria ee dabacasaha, dhibcaha caleenta Alternaria ee brokoli, sprouts Brussels, kaabajka iyo cauliflower, dalool dalool ee celery, iyo dhibco guduudan oo basasha ah.Waxay leedahay waqti goosashada ka hor oo la barbar dhigo kan chlorothalonil.Kufsiga, karootada, celery iyo basasha, chlorothalonil waxay bedeli kartaa chlorothalonil.Sumaddeedu waxay ku kooban tahay khudaarta caleenta leh iyo khudradda xididka ah.Ka dib markaad isticmaasho Switch-ka laba jeer, fadlan u wareeji sidii fungicide ka dhiganaya koodka FRAC kale, ka dibna mar kale isticmaal
Scala waa fungicide habaysan oo ballaadhan oo laga sameeyay azoxystrobin (FRAC 9).Waxaa ka maqan calaamado loogu talagalay kufsiga, geed canabka ah, iyo dhir.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay bedeli kartaa dhibcaha guduudan ee toon, caleenta iyo basasha.Waxay leedahay bareeg goosashada ka dib oo la mid ah chlorothalonil.
Tanos waa bakteeriyad habaysan oo ballaadhan, nidaam maxalli ah iyo bactericide xidhiidhka, isku darka famoxalone (FRAC 11) iyo cyclophenoxy oxime (FRAC 27).Aad bay waxtar u leedahay xakamaynta Alternaria alternata waxaana loo isticmaalay haan isku dhafan oo leh fungicides caariyaysi hoose leh.Ma jiraan calaamado loogu talagalay dhir, brokoli, sprouts Brussels, kaabajka, karootada, brokoli ama celery.Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dhammaan canabka, yaanyada, basbaaska, basasha, toonta iyo caleenta.Xaaladaha intooda badan, muddada u dhaxaysa goosashada ka hor waa ka gaaban yahay alaabta Mancozeb, laakiin dalagyada canabka ah, tamaandhada iyo basbaaska, muddada goosashada ayaa weli saddex maalmood ka dheer ta alaabta chlorothalonil.Haddii si isdaba joog ah loo isticmaalo, alaabooyinka ku jira FRAC 11 waxay leeyihiin khatar sare oo ka hortag ah.Markaad isticmaalayso Tanos barnaamijka buufinta, had iyo jeer u beddel koodka FRAC kale.
Pristine waa bakteeriyaal ballaadhan, nidaam maxalli ah iyo bakteeriyo-lakab-lakab ah, kaas oo la sameeyay iyadoo la isku daray bakteeriyada FRAC (FRAC 11) iyo Carboxamide (FRAC 7).Hadda, laguma calaamadin dhir, canola, yaanyada, basbaaska iyo baradhada.Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa booska Bravo ee caleenta Alternaria ee geedka canabka ah iyo karootada, bar caleenta Alternaria ee celery, iyo dhibco guduudan oo toon ah, caleenta iyo basasha.Inta u dhaxaysa goosashada ka hor waxay la mid tahay kan chlorothalonil.Xadka codsiga ugu badan ee dalagga canabka ah waa afar jeer sannadkii, iyo xadka codsiga ugu badan ee basasha, toonta, iyo basasha waa lix jeer sannadkii.Pristine waxa kaliya oo loo ogol yahay in lagu isticmaalo celery laba jeer sannadkii.Habka buufinta, had iyo jeer ka fogow alaabta FRAC 11 mar kasta oo aad isticmaasho Pristine.
Quadris / Heritage, Cabrio / Cinwaanka ama Flint / Gem waa hab-dhismeedka jirka ee ballaaran ee FRAC 11 fungicides.Fungicides-ka ku salaysan strobilurin ayaa loo calaamadeeyay in loo isticmaalo dalagyada khudradda intooda badan, inta badanna inta u dhaxaysa goosashada ka hor waa 0 maalmood.Alaabooyinkani waxay leeyihiin taariikh wanaagsan oo lagu daweeyo cudurro fangas badan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, FRAC 11 cone globulin waxay leedahay awood sare oo ay ku soo saarto jeermiska daawada u adkaysta iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka soo noqnoqda.Si loo ilaaliyo isticmaalka strobilurin iyo dib u dhigista horumarinta caabbinta, calaamadaha hadda jira waxay xaddidaan tirada maamullada isku xigta ee la oggol yahay hal sano.Inta badan dalagyada, Quadris / Heritage kaliya waxay ogolaataa laba codsi oo isku xigta, Cabrio / Headline kaliya waxay ogolaataa hal codsi oo joogto ah, Flint / Gem kaliya waxay ogolaataa afar codsi oo ugu badan.
Shaxda 1. Isbarbardhigga fungicides-ka ballaaran ee khudaarta ugu badan ee laga beero Michigan (fiiri pdf si loo daabaco ama loo akhriyo)
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