Nematodes waa xayawaanka ugu badan ee unugyada unugyada badan ee dhulka, nematodes-ku waxay jiraan meel kasta oo biyo ah oo dhulka ah.Waxaa ka mid ah nematodes-ka dulinka dhirta 10%, waxayna dhibaato u geystaan ​​korriinka dhirta iyadoo loo maraayo dulin, taasoo ka mid ah arrimaha muhiimka ah ee khasaaraha dhaqaale ee weyn u geysta beeraha iyo kaymaha.Baaritaanka goobta, cudurada nematode-ka carrada ayaa si fudud loogu wareersan yahay yaraanta curiyaha, kansarka xididka, clubroot, iwm.Intaa waxaa dheer, nabarrada xididka ee ay sababto quudinta nematode waxay fursad u siisaa dhacdooyinka cudurrada ka dhasha carrada sida bakteeriyadu, bararka, qudhunka xididka, qoyaanka-baxa, iyo canker, taasoo keentay infekshannada isku-dhafka ah iyo sii kordhinta dhibaatada ka hortagga iyo xakamaynta.

Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin, adduunka oo dhan, khasaaraha dhaqaale ee sanadlaha ah ee ay sababto nematode-ku waa ilaa 157 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah, taas oo u dhiganta dhaawaca cayayaanka.1/10 ee saamiga suuqa daroogada, weli waxaa jira meel bannaan oo weyn.Hoos waxaa ku yaal qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka waxtarka leh ee daaweynta nematodes.

1.1 Fosthiazate

Fosthiazate waa organophosphorus nematicide kaas oo habka ugu muhiimsan ee ficilku yahay in la joojiyo isku-darka acetylcholinesterase ee nematodes xidid-knot.Waxay leedahay sifooyin nidaamsan waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xakameeyo noocyada kala duwan ee nematodes-jidka.Tan iyo markii Thiazophosphine ay samaysay oo ay soo saartay Ishihara, Japan 1991, waxa laga diiwaan geliyay dalal iyo gobollo badan sida Yurub iyo Maraykanka.Tan iyo markii la soo galay Shiinaha 2002, fosthiazate waxay noqotay wax soo saar muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay xakamaynta nematodes ciidda Shiinaha sababtoo ah saameynteeda wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka qiimaha sare leh.Waxa la filayaa in ay ahaan doonto badeecada ugu muhiimsan ee xakamaynta nematode ciidda dhawrka sano ee soo socda.Marka loo eego xogta Shabakadda Macluumaadka Cayayaanka ee Shiinaha, laga bilaabo Janaayo 2022, waxaa jira 12 shirkadood oo maxalli ah oo diiwaan gashan farsamada fosthiazate, iyo 158 diyaargarow diiwaangashan, oo ku lug leh qaababka sida emulsifiable concentrate, water-emulsion, microemulsion, granule, iyo microcapsule.Wakiilka laalayo, walax milmaya, shayga isku dhafan inta badan waa abamectin.

Fosthiazate waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro amino-oligosaccharins, alginic acid, amino acids, humic acids, iwm, kuwaas oo leh hawlaha mulching, kor u qaadida xididada iyo hagaajinta ciidda.Waxay noqon doontaa jihada muhiimka ah ee horumarinta warshadaha mustaqbalka.Daraasado uu sameeyay Zheng Huo et al.waxay muujiyeen in nematicide-ka lagu daro thiazophosphine iyo amino-oligosaccharidins ay saameyn wanaagsan ku leedahay nematodes citrus, waxayna si wax ku ool ah u joojin kartaa nematodes gudaha iyo ciidda rhizosphere ee liinta, oo leh saameyn xakameyn ah oo ka badan 80%.Way ka fiican tahay thiazophosphine iyo amino-oligosaccharin hal wakiil ah, waxayna saameyn wanaagsan ku leedahay koritaanka xididka iyo soo kabashada xoogga geedaha.

1.2 Abamectin

Abamectin waa laktone macrocyclic leh oo leh cayayaan, acaricidal iyo nematicidal, wuxuuna ku gaaraa ujeedada dilka isagoo kicinaya cayayaanka si loo sii daayo γ-aminobutyric acid.Abamectin wuxuu dilaa nematodes ee rhizosphere dalagga iyo ciidda inta badan iyadoo loo marayo dil xiriir ah.Laga bilaabo Janaayo 2022, tirada alaabada abamectin ee gudaha ka diiwaan gashan waa ilaa 1,900, in ka badan 100 ayaa u diiwaan gashan xakamaynta nematodes.Waxaa ka mid ah, isku-darka abamectin iyo thiazophosphine waxay gaadheen faa'iidooyin dhammaystiran waxayna noqdeen jihayn horumarineed oo muhiim ah.

Ka mid ah alaabooyinka badan ee abamectin, midda u baahan in diiradda la saaro waa abamectin B2.Abamectin B2 waxa ku jira laba qaybood oo waaweyn sida B2a iyo B2b, B2a/B2b way ka wayn tahay 25 , isticmaalkuna waa ka badbaado badan yahay oo deegaan ahaan u wanaagsan.

Tijaabooyinku waxay caddeeyeen in B2, oo ah badeeco cusub oo abamectin ah, ay tahay nematicide aad u fiican, iyo nooca cayayaanka cayayaanka ahi ay ka duwan yihiin kan B1.nematodes-ka dhirta ayaa aad u firfircoon waxayna leeyihiin rajooyin suuqeed oo ballaaran.

1.3 Fluopyram

Fluopyram waa xarun leh hab cusub oo ficil ah oo ay soo saartay Bayer Crop Science, kaas oo si xushmad leh u xakameyn kara isku-dhafka II ee silsiladda neefsiga ee nematode mitochondria, taasoo keentay hoos u dhaca tamarta ee unugyada nematode.Fluopyram waxay soo bandhigtaa dhaqdhaqaaqa kala duwan ee ciidda marka loo eego noocyada kale, waxaana loo qaybin karaa si tartiib ah oo siman rhizosphere, ka ilaalinta nidaamka xididka caabuqa nematode si waxtar leh iyo waqti dheer.

1.4 Tluazaindolizine

Tluazaindolizine waa pyridimidazole amide (ama sulfonamide) nematicide aan fumigant ahayn oo ay samaysay Corteva, oo loo isticmaalo khudaarta, geedaha miraha, baradhada, yaanyada, canabka, liinta, ubbada, cawska, miraha dhagaxa, tubaakada, iyo dalagyada beerta, iwm. Xakamaynta nematodes-jiidka tubaakada, nematodes stem baradhada, nematodes cyst soybean, nematodes simbiriirixan strawberry, nematodes alwaax geed, nematodes hadhuudh iyo jir gaaban (xidid qudhuntay) nematodes, iwm.

Soo koob

Xakamaynta nematode waa dagaal daba dheeraaday.Isla mar ahaantaana, xakamaynta nematode waa inaysan ku tiirsanayn dagaalka shakhsi ahaaneed.Waa lagama maarmaan in la abuuro ka-hortag iyo xallin dhamaystiran oo isku dhafan ilaalinta dhirta, hagaajinta ciidda, nafaqada dhirta, iyo maareynta beerta.Muddada gaaban, xakamaynta kiimikada ayaa weli ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee xakamaynta nematode oo leh natiijooyin degdeg ah oo waxtar leh;mustaqbalka fog, xakamaynta bayooloji waxay gaari doontaa horumar degdeg ah.Dardar gelinta cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta noocyada cusub ee sunta cayayaanka ee nematicides, hagaajinta heerka diyaarinta ee diyaarinta, kordhinta dadaallada suuq-geynta, iyo qabashada shaqo wanaagsan ee horumarinta iyo codsiga kaaliyayaasha synergistic noqon doonaa diiradda xalinta dhibaatada iska caabin ah noocyada nematicide qaar ka mid ah.