Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine muchetura inoshandiswa mumakatsi nembwa kuuraya nhata iri kuisa chepfu munzizi dzeEngland.Masayendisiti anoti kuwanikwa kwacho "kwakanyanya kuenderana" nezvipembenene zvemumvura nehove neshiri dzinotsamira pazviri, uye vanotarisira kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune zvakatipoteredza.
Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti mu99% yemasampuli kubva kunzizi makumi maviri, zvirimo mufipronil zvaive zvakakwirira, uye avhareji yemukati yechinhu chine muchetura chekuora chigadzirwa chaive makumi matatu nesere pachiyero chekuchengetedza.Iyo fenoxtone inowanikwa murwizi uye imwe nerve agent inonzi imidacloprid yakarambidzwa pamapurazi kwemakore mazhinji.
Kune imbwa dzinosvika mamirioni gumi nekatsi miriyoni gumi nerimwe muUK, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti 80% yevanhu vachawana kurapwa kwenhata (zvichida kana kwete).Vatsvakurudzi vakati kushandiswa kwemapofu kwechirwere chetachiona hakukurudzirwi, uye mitemo mitsva inodiwa.Parizvino, kurapwa kwenhata kunotenderwa pasina kuongororwa kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza.
Rosemary Perkins weUniversity of Sussex, uyo aitungamirira tsvakurudzo iyi, akati: “Fipronil ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvinogadzirwa nenhata.Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti inogona kuderedzwa kusvika kune zvipembenene kupfuura fipronil pachayo.Mimwe mishonga ine chepfu.”"Migumisiro yedu iri kunetsa zvikuru."
Dave Goulson, mutezo weboka rokunzvera zvakare paYunivhesiti yeSussex, akati: “Handigoni kudavira zvizere kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakajairika.Nzizi dzedu dzinowanzosvibiswa nemakemikari maviri aya kwenguva yakareba..
Akati: “Chinetso ndechokuti makemikoro aya anoshanda zvikuru,” kunyange muzvikamu zviduku."Tinovimba vachave nekukanganisa kwakanyanya muhupenyu hwezvipembenene murwizi."Akataura kuti mushonga wezvipembenene unoshandisa imidacloprid kurapa nhata mumbwa dziri pakati nepakati unokwana kuuraya nyuchi dzinosvika mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu.
Chirevo chekutanga chepamusoro-soro ye neonicotinoids (yakadai se imidacloprid) munzizi yakagadzirwa neboka rekuchengetedza Buglife muna 2017, kunyange zvazvo chidzidzo chacho chisina kusanganisira fipronil.Zvipembenene zvemumvura zvinobatwa neonicotinoids.Zvidzidzo muNetherlands zvakaratidza kuti kusvibiswa kwemvura kwenguva refu kwakakonzera kuderera kwakanyanya kwenhamba yezvipembenene neshiri.Nekuda kwekumwe kusvibiswa kubva kumapurazi netsvina, zvipembenene zvemumvura zviri kudzikira, uye 14% chete yenzizi dzeBritish dzine hutano hwakanaka hwezvakatipoteredza.
Tsvagiridzo nyowani, yakaburitswa mujenari Comprehensive Environmental Science, inosanganisira ingangoita zviuru zvina ongororo yemasampuli akaunganidzwa neEnvironment Agency munzizi makumi maviri dzeBritish pakati pe2016-18.Aya anobva kuRwizi Muedzo muHamphire kuenda kuRwizi Edheni muCumbria.
Fipronil yakaonekwa mu99% yemasampuli, uye iyo ine muchetura wekuora chigadzirwa Fipronil sulfone yakawanikwa mu97% yemasampuli.Avhareji yekusungwa ndeye 5 nguva uye 38 nguva yakakwira kupfuura yayo isingaperi toxicity muganho, zvichiteerana.Iko hakuna zvirambidzo zviri pamutemo pamakemikari aya muUK, saka masayendisiti akashandisa iyo 2017 ongororo mushumo wakagadzirwa kuCalifornia Water Quality Control Board.Imidacloprid yakawanikwa mu66% yemasampuli, uye muganho wechepfu wakapfuura mu7 kubva munzizi makumi maviri.
Fipronil yakarambidzwa kushandiswa mumapurazi muna 2017, asi yakanga isingawanzoshandiswa zvisati zvaitika.Imidacloprid yakarambidzwa muna 2018 uye yanga isingawanzo kushandiswa mumakore achangopfuura.Vatsvakurudzi vakawana huwandu hwepamusoro hwemishonga yezvipembenene pasi pemvura yekuchenesa mvura, zvichiratidza kuti nzvimbo dzomumaguta ndidzo huru, kwete minda.
Sezvatinoziva tose, kugeza mhuka dzinovaraidza dzinogona kupinza fipronil mugomba retsvina yozopinda murwizi, uye imbwa dzinotuhwina murwizi dzinopa imwe nzira yekusvibisa.Gulson akati: "Uku kunofanira kunge kuri kurapwa kwenhata kwakakonzera kusvibiswa.""Chaizvoizvo, hakuna kumwe kwaungafungidzira."
MuUK, mune makumi matanhatu nematanhatu ane marezenisi emishonga yemhuka ine fipronil uye makumi maviri nerimwe emishonga yemhuka ine imidacloprid, yakawanda yacho inotengeswa pasina kunyorerwa.Pasinei nokuti kurapwa kwenhata kunodiwa here, mhuka dzakawanda dzinovaraidza dzinorapwa mwedzi woga woga.
Vesainzi vanoti izvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakare, zvikuru munguva yechando apo nhata dzinenge dzisina kujairika.Vati mitemo mitsva inofanirwa kutariswawo sekuda magwaro uye kuongorora njodzi dzenharaunda isati yapihwa mvumo yekushandisa.
"Paunotanga kushandisa chero rudzi rwemishonga yezvipembenene pamwero mukuru, pane kazhinji kacho migumisiro isingatarisirwi," akadaro Gulson.Zviri pachena kuti chimwe chinhu chakakanganisika.Iko hakuna hurongwa hwekutonga kune iyi njodzi chaiyo, uye inofanirwa kuitwa zvakajeka.”
Matt Shardlow weBuglife akati: "Makore matatu apfuura kubva patakatanga kusimbisa kukuvadza kwekurapwa kwenhata kumhuka dzesango, uye hapana matanho ekutonga akatorwa.Kusvibiswa kwakakomba uye kwakanyanyisa kwefipronil kumitumbi yese yemvura kunotyisa, uye hurumende inoda kuirambidza nekukurumidza.Shandisa fipronil uye imidacloprid semishonga yenhata.Akataura kuti matani akati wandei ezvipembenene izvi anoshandiswa muzvipfuyo gore rega rega.