Erin Lizotte, Michigan State University Extension, MSU Dhipatimendi reEntomology Dave Smitley naJill O'Donnell, MSU Extension-Kubvumbi 1, 2015
Spruce spider mite zvakakosha zvipembenene zveMichigan Kisimusi miti.Kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kubatsira varimi kuchengetedza nyuchi dzinodya dzinobatsira, nokudaro zvichibatsira kudzora tumbuyu rinokosha.
MuMichigan, spruce spider mite (Oligonuchus umunguis) ipembenene yakakosha yemiti yeconiferous.Kapembenene aka kanopinda miti yese yeKisimusi inotengeswa uye inowanzokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari mukurimwa kwespruce neFraser fir.Muminda inochengetedzwa pachivanhu, huwandu hwezvipembenene hudiki nekuda kwekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, saka dandemutande rinowanzova tupukanana.Mhuka dzinodyiwa dzinobatsira varimi nekuti dzinodya tumbuyu uye dzinobatsira kudzora huwandu hwevanhu.Pasina ivo, iyo spruce spider mite huwandu huchaputika kamwe kamwe, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kumiti.
Sezvo chirimo chasvika, varimi vanofanira kunge vakagadzirira kuwedzera zvirongwa zvavo zvekuvhima mite.Kuti vaone spider mite, varimi vanofanira kuenzanisa miti yakawanda mumunda wega wega uye iva nechokwadi chekusarudza miti kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye mitsara mukati nekunze.Zvikamu zvakakura zvemuti zvichawedzera huchokwadi hwevarimi pavanenge vachiongorora huwandu hwevanhu uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika.Kuongorora kunofanirwa kuitwa mumwaka wese, kwete chete mushure mekunge zviratidzo zvaonekwa, nekuti kazhinji kunonoka kurapwa kunoshanda.Nzira iri nyore yekuona mite yevakuru uye vechidiki ndeyekuzunungusa kana kurova matavi pa scout board kana pepa (mufananidzo 1).
The spruce spider mite egg ibhora diki rakatsvuka rine bvudzi pakati.Mazai akachochonywa achaonekwa akajeka (mufananidzo 2).Muchikamu chekurovedza muviri, spider mite idiki uye ine muviri wakapfava.Iyo yakakura spruce spider mite yakasimba oval shape ine mvere pamusoro pedumbu.Matoni eganda anosiyana, asi Tetranychus spruce inowanzo girini, rima rakasvibira kana rinenge dema, uye harina chena, pink kana tsvuku tsvuku.Mite inobatsira inodya kazhinji ichena, chena yemukaka, pink kana kuti yakatsvuka, uye inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune zvipembenene nekucherechedza mabasa avo.Kana yakanganiswa, mite yakakura inodya inowanzofamba nekukurumidza kudarika mite, uye inogona kuonekwa kuti inofamba nokukurumidza pa scout board.Tsvuku dzvuku dzespruce dzinowanzokambaira zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mufananidzo 2. Vakuru spruce spider mite uye mazai.Mufananidzo kunobva: USDA FS-Northeast Regional Archives, Bugwood.org
Zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa kwespruce spider mite zvinosanganisira chlorosis, tsono dzetsono uye kubuda kwemavara uye kunyange mashizha ebrown mashizha, anogona kupedzisira apararira kumuti wese.Paunenge uchitarisa kukuvara kuburikidza negirazi reruoko, zviratidzo zvinoratidzika sediki yero yakatenderedza nzvimbo yakatenderedza nzvimbo yekudyisa (mufananidzo 3).Kuburikidza nekutarisisa kutarisisa, kudzora kurwisa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene isinganyanye kukuvadza kune dzinongodya nyama mite, spruce spider mite inogona kudzivirirwa kubva kuparadzwa.Nzira iri nyore yekuona zvinodiwa nemanejimendi ndeyekuongorora kana kuferefetwa kunoratidza kuti huwandu hwevanhu huri kukura kana kuti huri pamwero wekuparadza.Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti spruce spider mite population inoshanduka nokukurumidza, saka kungotarisa kukanganisa kwemuti hakurevi nemazvo kana kurapwa kuchidiwa, nokuti vanhu vakafa kubva ipapo vanogona kunge vakakonzera kukanganisa, saka kupfapfaidza hakuna maturo. .
Mufananidzo 3. The spruce spider mite feeding tsono yakakuvadzwa.Mufananidzo wechikwereti: John A. Weidhass weVirginia Tech uye State University Bugwood.org
Tafura inotevera ine nzira dzekurapa dzazvino, chikamu chadzo chemakemikari, nhanho yehupenyu inotarirwa, kushanda zvakanaka, nguva yekudzora uye huturu hwehupfu kune anobatsira mite.Kana mishonga yezvipembenene ikasashandiswa, dandemutande dzvuku hariwanzova dambudziko, nekuti mhute dzinodya dzinoita kuti dzirambe dziri pasi pesimba.Edza kudzivisa kumwaya mishonga yezvipembenene kuti ukurudzire kudzora kwechisikigo.
Chlorpyrifos 4E AG, Government 4E, Hatchet, Lorsban Advanced, Lorsban 4E, Lorsban 75WG, Nufos 4E, Quali-Pro Chlorpyrifos 4E, Warhawk, Whirlwind, Yuma 4E mushonga wezvipembenene, Vulcan (chepfu rif)
Avid 0.15EC, Ardent 0.15EC, kushongedza kwakajeka, Nufarm Abamectin, Minx Quali-Pro Abamectin 0.15EC, Timectin 0.15ECT&O (abamectin)
Koshesa Pro, Couraze 2F, Couraze 4F, Mallet 75WSP, Nuprid 1.6F, Pasada 1.6F, Prey, Provado 1.6F, Sherpa, Chirikadzi, Wrangler (imidacloprid)
1 Mafomu ekufamba anosanganisira mite gonye, ​​nymphs nematanho evakuru.2S haina njodzi kune zvikara, M ine muchetura zvine mwero, uye H ine muchetura zvakanyanya.3Avermectin, thiazole uye tetronic acid acaricides inononoka, saka varimi havafanirwe kushamisika kana mite ichiri mhenyu mushure mekushandiswa.Zvinogona kutora mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi kuti uone kufa kwakazara.4Garden mafuta inogona kukonzera phytotoxicity, kunyanya kana yakashandiswa muzhizha, uye inogona kuderedza ruvara rwebhuruu muspruce blue.Kazhinji zvakachengeteka kupfapfaidza yakanyanya kucheneswa horticultural oiri ine muunganidzwa we1% chero nguva yegore, asi kana iyo yekumisikidza iri 2% kana kupfuura, inogona kukuvadza maruva anokonzerwa nekushandurwa kwespruce ice crystals uye kukonzera yakaipa zviratidzo. ..5 Chiratidzo cheApollo chinofanirwa kuverengwa nekunyatsoteedzerwa kuve nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwakakodzera uye kunonotsa kukura kwekuramba.
Pyrethroids, organophosphates uye abamectin zvese zvine basa rakanaka rekugogodza uye kusara kwekutonga kwespruce spider mite muchikamu chehupenyu hunoshanda, asi mhedzisiro yavo inouraya pazvikara zvinovaita kuti vasarudze kurapwa.Nekuda kwekudzikisira kwevavengi vezvakasikwa uye vanhu vanodya mite, iyo spruce spider mites vanhu vanoputika, kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi kazhinji kunoda kuramba kuchigadziriswa mwaka uno.Neonicotine, iyo ine imidacloprid sechinhu chinoshanda, zvakare isarudzo isina kunaka yekudzora spider mite, uye mune dzimwe nguva inogona kukonzeresa kubuda kwe spider mite.
Zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, carbamates, quinolones, pyridazinones, quinazolines uye insect growth regulator ethoxazole zvose zvinoratidza migumisiro yakanaka paTetranychus spruce uye ine mwero kune mhuka dzinodya.toxicity.Kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi kunoderedza njodzi yekubuda kwe mite uye kupa mavhiki matatu kusvika mana ekudzora kwasara kune ese ehupenyu nhanho dzespruce spider mite, asi etozol ine mashoma kuita muvakuru.
Tetronic acid, thiazole, sulfite uye horticultural oiri inoratidzawo mhedzisiro yakanaka pakureba kwasara kwedandemutande.Horticultural mafuta ane njodzi dze phytotoxicity uye chlorosis, saka varimi vanofanirwa kungwarira pakushandisa zvigadzirwa zvitsva kana pamhando dzisina kurapwa.Tetronic acid, thiazole, sulfite uye horticultural oiri zvakare ine zvakakosha zvekuwedzera mabhenefiti, kureva kuti, haina kuchengeteka kune mhuka dzinodya uye ine mukana wakaderera wekukonzera kuputika kwe mite.
Varimi vangawana kuti kurapwa kunopfuura kumwe kunodiwa, kunyanya kana dzvinyiriro yevanhu yakakwira, kana kuti pakushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene isingashande pamatanho ose eupenyu.Ndapota verenga chinyorwa chacho zvakanyatsonaka, sezvo zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kungoshandiswa mumhando imwe chete pamwaka.Mukutanga kwechirimo, tarisa tsono nematavi kune mazai eTetranychus spruce.Kana mazai ari akawanda, isa mafuta ehorticultural pachikamu che2% kuti uvauraye vasati vachechenya.Mafuta epamusoro-soro egadheni ane huwandu hwe2% yakachengeteka kumiti yakawanda yeKisimusi, kunze kweblue spruce, iyo inorasikirwa nehumwe hutsva hwebhuruu mushure mekuputika nemafuta.
Kuti kunonoke kugadzirwa kwemishonga inorwisa acaricides, Michigan State University Promotion Department inokurudzira varimi kuti vatevedzere kurudziro yemavara, kudzikisira huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakaiswa mune imwe mwaka, uye kusarudza acaricides kubva kune inodarika imwe yezvipembenene.Semuenzaniso, apo huwandu hwevanhu hunotanga kukwira, varimi vanogona kuisa fetiraiza mafuta akarara muchirimo vozoisa tetronic acid.Chikumbiro chinotevera chinofanira kubva kune chimwe chikamu kunze kwe tetrahydroacid.
Mitemo yemishonga yezvipembenene inogara ichichinja, uye ruzivo rwunopihwa muchinyorwa chino haruzotsiva mirairo yezita.Kuti uzvidzivirire, vamwe uye nharaunda, ndapota iva nechokwadi chekuverenga nekutevera iyo label.
Ichi chinyorwa chakavakirwa pabasa rinotsigirwa neNational Institute of Food and Agriculture yeUnited States Department of Agriculture pasi pechibvumirano nhamba 2013-41534-21068.Chero maonero, zvakawanikwa, mhedziso, kana kurudziro yaburitswa mubhuku rino ndeemunyori uye hazvireve maonero eUnited States Department of Agriculture.
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