Kunyatsoongorora misungo uye kushandisa marapiro panguva yakakodzera ndezvimwe zvezvinobatsira kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kukuru kwechipembenene chemuorivhi, nyanzvi dzinodaro.
Iyo Tuscan Yedunhu Phytosanitary Service yakaburitsa tekinoroji nhungamiro yekutarisa nekudzora huwandu hwenhunzi dzemuorivhi nevarimi uye matekinoroji anoshanda pamapurazi eorganic uye akabatanidzwa.
Ichionekwa seimwe yezvipembenene zvinokuvadza zvemuorivhi nekuda kwekukuvadza kwavanoita kuhuwandu uye kunaka kwemuchero, ichi chipembenene chinoputika chinowanikwa muMediterranean basin, South Africa, Central neSouth America, China, Australia uye US.
Mirayiridzo, inopiwa nenyanzvi dzakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu muTuscany inogona kugadziriswa nevarimi maererano nekukura kwekutenderera kwenhunzi, iyo inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nevhu uye mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yekukura kwemuorivhi.
"Munyika dzeEurope, dambudziko rinobva mukurambidzwa kweDimethoate rinoda nzira itsva mukutonga kwenhunzi yemuorivhi," akadaro Massimo Ricciolini weTuscan Regional Phytosanitary Service."Asi, tichifunga nezvekuda kwakawanda kwekuenderera mberi, isu tinotenda kuti kwete kuvimbika kwepamuviri chete asiwo kuchengetedzwa kwehupfu uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunofanirwa kunge kuri pahwaro hwechero nzira inoshanda yekurwisa chipembenene ichi."
Kubviswa kwemusika kweiyo systemic organophosphate insecticide Dimethoate, iyo yakashandiswa kurwisa maruva enhunzi, kwaita kuti nyanzvi dzitarise danho revakuru rezvipembenene sechinangwa chikuru chekurwa.
"Kudzivirira kunofanira kunge kuri kutarisisa kwenzira inoshanda uye inoenderera," akadaro Ricciolini."Hapana imwe nzira mukurima organic panguva ino, saka takamirira mhinduro dzetsvakiridzo pamishonga mitsva yekurapa (kureva mazai nemakonye), zvakakosha kushandisa nzira dzekuuraya kana kudzinga vanhu vakuru."
"Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mudunhu redu nhunzi inopedza chizvarwa chayo chekutanga chegore muchirimo," akawedzera.”Chipembenene chinoshandisa maorivhi anoramba ari pazvirimwa, nekuda kwekusakohwa kana minda yemiorivhi yakasiiwa, sechikamu chekubereka uye chikafu.Nokudaro, pakati pokupera kwaJune nakuvamba kwaJuly, kazhinji kazhinji, kubhururuka kwechipiri kwegore, uko kwakakura kupfuura kwokutanga, kunoitika.”
Madzimai anoisa mazai avo mumiorivhi yegore razvino, iyo inotogamuchira uye kazhinji pakutanga kwekugadzira dombo.
"Kubva mazai aya, chizvarwa chechipiri chegore, icho chekutanga chezhizha, chinobuda," akadaro Ricciolini."Michero yakasvibira, inokura inobva yakuvadzwa nebasa remakonye ayo, achipfuura nematanho matatu, anokura nemutengo we pulp, achichera mugero mumesocarp iyo yekutanga yakanyanyisa uye yakaita seshinda, yakadzika uye ine chikamu chikuru, uye, pakupedzisira, chakanangana nechikamu cheelliptical.
"Maererano nemwaka, makonye akakura anodonha pasi kuti abereke kana, kana danho remapupa rapera, vanhu vakuru vanovhara [kubuda kubva mugumbo]," akawedzera.
Mumwedzi inodziya, nguva dzekupisa kwakanyanya (kupfuura 30 kusvika 33 ° C - 86 kusvika 91.4 ° F) uye mwero wakaderera wehunyoro hwehukama (pasi pe60 muzana) zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwezvikamu zvakakura zvemazai uye uwandu hwemakonye, ​​zvichizotevera. zvinogona kuderedza kukuvadza.
Huwandu hwenhunzi hunowanzo wedzera zvakanyanya munaGunyana naGumiguru, zvichikonzera njodzi yekukuvara zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pakukohwa, nekuda kwekudonha kwemichero uye maitiro eoxidative anokanganisa maorivhi ane maburi.Kuti udzivise oviposition uye kukura kwelarval, varimi vanofanira kuita kukohwa kwekutanga , iyo inoshanda kunyanya mumakore ekukwirira kwepamusoro.
"MuTuscany, nezvose zvakasara, njodzi yekurwiswa inowanzova yakakura pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye inowanzodzikira yakananga kunzvimbo dziri mukati menyika, makomo marefu, uye maApennines," akadaro Ricciolini."Mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura, ruzivo rwakawedzerwa pamusoro pebiology yenhunzi dzemiorivhi uye kumisikidzwa kwedatabase yakakura yeagrometeorological uye yehuwandu hwevanhu zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kutsanangura mamiriro ekunze-based infestation yengozi yengozi."
"Zvakaratidza kuti, munharaunda yedu, tembiricha yakaderera munguva yechando inoita sechinhu chinodzikamisa chipembenene ichi uye kuti huwandu hwekupona kwehuwandu hwayo munguva yechando hunokanganisa huwandu hwechizvarwa chechirimo," akawedzera.
Kurudziro ndeyekutarisa mafambiro ehuwandu hwevanhu vakuru, kutanga kubva pakubhururuka kwepagore kwekutanga, uye maitiro ekutapukirwa kwemuorivhi, kutanga kubva pakubhururuka kwechipiri kwegore.
Kutariswa kwendege kunofanirwa kuitwa, pasvondo rega rega, paine chromotropic kana pheromone traps (muteyo mumwe kusvika kutatu weyakajairwa hectare/2.5-acre plot ine 280 miorivhi);kuongororwa kwekutapukirwa kunofanirwa kuitwa, pavhiki, kutorwa kwemazana emiorivhi pamunda wemuorivhi (tichifunga nezveavhareji hekita imwe/2.5 acre nemiorivhi mazana maviri nemakumi masere).
Kana iyo infestation ichipfuura chikumbaridzo chezvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana (zvichipiwa nemazai mhenyu, mhute yezera rekutanga neyechipiri) kana 10 muzana (yakapiwa nemazai mapenyu uye mhute yezera rekutanga), zvinokwanisika kuenderera mberi nekushandiswa kwemishonga inobvumirwa.
Mukati megadziriro iyi, zvichibva paruzivo rwenzvimbo uye kukuvadza kwekurwiswa maererano nekuwanda uye kusimba, nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kukosha kwekuita chinodzivirira uye / kana kuuraya chiito kune vekutanga zhizha vakuru.
"Tinofanira kufunga kuti mimwe michina uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshanda zvakanyanya muminda mihombe yemichero," akadaro Ricciolini."Vamwe vanowanzoita zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvidiki."
Miti mikuru yemiorivhi (inodarika mahekita mashanu/12.4 acres) inoda michina kana zvigadzirwa zvechirauro zvine 'kukwezva nekuuraya' chiito chinovavarira kukwezva varume nevakadzi vakuru kune chikafu kana pheromone sosi uye vobva vauraya nekudya (yehupfu. chirauro) kana nekubata (nenzvimbo inoshanda yechigadzirwa).
Pheromone uye misungo yezvipembenene inowanikwa pamusika, pamwe chete nemisungo yakagadzirwa nemaoko ine mapuroteni mabheti anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye anoshanda;uyezve, mushonga wezvipembenene chaiwo, Spinosad, unobvumirwa munyika dzinoverengeka.
Muzvikamu zvidiki zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvine repellent kurwisa varume nevakadzi uye ne-anti-oviposition mhedzisiro kurwisa vakadzi, semhangura, kaolin, mamwe mamineral akadai sezeolith uye bentonite, uye komboni yakavakirwa pafungus, Beauveria bassiana.Tsvagiridzo irikuenderera mberi pamarapi maviri ekupedzisira.
Varimi vari mukurima kwakabatanidzwa vanogona kushandisa, painobvumirwa, zvipembenene zvinobva kuPhosmet (organophosphate), Acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) uye Deltamethrin (muItaly, iyi pyrethroid ester inogona kushandiswa chete mumisungo).
"Muzviitiko zvese, chinangwa ndechekudzivirira oviposition," Ricciolini akadaro."Munharaunda yedu, izvi zvinoreva kuita zvinopesana nevakuru vekubhururuka kwezhizha kwekutanga, kunoitika mukupera kwaChikumi kusvika kutanga kwaChikunguru.Isu tinofanirwa kuona sematanho akakosha ekutanga kubatwa kwevanhu vakuru mumisungo, maburi ekutanga eoviposition uye gomba kuomesa muchero. "
"Kubva parwendo rwechipiri rwezhizha zvichienda mberi, kupindira kwekudzivirira kunogona kusarudzwa nekufungisisa nguva yekuita kwechigadzirwa chakashandiswa, kupedzwa kweiyo yapfuura preimaginal (kureva danho rekusimudzira rinotangira munhu mukuru) nhanho yechipembenene, yekutanga kubata. yevakuru vechizvarwa chakapfuura, uye maburi ekutanga echizvarwa chitsva, "Ricciolini akadaro.
Mitengo yemafuta omuorivhi muPuglia inoramba ichitsvedza pasinei nekugadzirwa kwakaderera muna 2020. Coldiretti anotenda kuti hurumende inofanira kuita zvakawanda.
Ongororo inoratidza kuti kutengesa kunze kwenyika uye kudyiwa kwemafuta emuorivhi emuorivhi ekuwedzera ane zviratidzo zvenzvimbo kwakawedzera zvishoma mumakore mashanu.
Vazvipiri muToscolano Maderno vari kuratidza kukosha kwehupfumi uye hwemagariro emiti yemiorivhi yakasiiwa.
Nepo kugadzirwa kwemafuta emuorivhi kwakawanda kuchiri kubva kuvarimi vechinyakare muMedithera, mapurazi matsva ari kutarisisa minda yemichero ine hunyanzvi uye nekukura kwakasimba mukugadzirwa.