Mary Hausbeck, Dhipatimendi reZvidyarwa uye Ivhu uye Microbial Sayenzi, Michigan State University-Chikunguru 23, 2014
Nyika yeMichigan yakasimbisa downy mildew pahanyanisi.MuMichigan, chirwere ichi chinoitika makore matatu kusvika mana.Ichi chirwere chinotyisa zvikuru nokuti chikasarapwa, chinogona kuwanda nokukurumidza chopararira munzvimbo yose inokura.
Downy mildew inokonzerwa nekuparara kwechirwere chePeronospora, icho chinogona kubvisa zvirimwa nguva isati yakwana.Inotanga kutapukira mashizha ekutanga uye inoonekwa mangwanani-ngwanani e-off-season.Inogona kukura segreyish-peple fuzzy kukura ine makwapa asina kusimba akatetepa.Mashizha ane utachiona anochinja kusvibira kwechiedza ozoita yero, uye anogona kupetwa nekupetwa.Chironda chinogona kunge chiri chepepuru-yepepuru.Mashizha akakanganisika anochinja kupenya kwegirini kutanga, ozoita yero, uye anogona kupeta nekudonha.Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa kana dova richionekwa mangwanani.
Kufa nguva isati yakwana kwemashizha ehanyanisi kunoderedza saizi yegirobhu.Utachiona hunogona kuitika zvakarongeka, uye magirobhu akachengetwa anova akapfava, akaunyana, ane mvura uye amber.Asymptomatic bulbs anomera nguva isati yakwana uye oita mashizha akasvibira.Iyo girobhu inogona kutapukirwa neyechipiri mabhakitiriya pathogens, zvichikonzera kuora.
Downy mildew pathogens dzinotanga kubata munzvimbo inotonhorera, iri pasi pe72 degrees Fahrenheit, uye munzvimbo dzine mwando.Panogona kunge paine maitiro ehutachiona akawanda mumwaka.Spores inogadzirwa usiku uye inogona kuvhuvhuta nyore kureba mumhepo ine hunyoro.Kana tembiricha iri 50 kusvika 54 F, inogona kumera pahanyanisi muchidimbu mune imwe nehafu kusvika maawa manomwe.Tembiricha yakanyanya masikati uye hunyoro hupfupi kana hwepakati husiku hunodzivirira kuumbwa kwespore.
Overwintering spores, inonzi oospores, inogona kuumba mumatishu ezvirimwa ari kufa uye inogona kuwanikwa muhanyanisi yekuzvipira, mapiru ekuchera hanyanisi, uye magirobhu akachengetwa ane utachiona.Maspores ane madziro akakora uye akavakirwa-mukati echikafu, saka anogona kutsungirira kusingafadzi tembiricha yechando uye anogara muvhu kusvika kumakore mashanu.
Purpura inokonzerwa nefungus Alternaria alternata, chirwere cheshizha rehanyanisi muMichigan.Inotanga kuzviratidza sediki diki-yakanyoroveswa nemvura uye inokurumidza kukura kuva pakati chena.Patinenge tichikura, chironda chinoshanduka kuva chepepuru, chakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo dzeyero.Izvo zvipembenene zvichabatana, kusimbisa mashizha, uye kuita kuti muromo udzike.Dzimwe nguva girobhu rebhubhu rinotapukirwa nemutsipa kana ronda.
Pasi pekutenderera kwehunyoro hwehunyoro uye hwepamusoro, spores mune chironda chinogona kuumba kakawanda.Kana paine mvura isingabhadharwi, maspores anogona kumera mukati me45-60 maminetsi pa82-97 F. Spores inogona kuumba mushure memaawa gumi nemashanu apo hunyoro hwakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana ne90%, uye hunogona kuparadzirwa nemhepo, kunaya kwemvura, uye. kudiridza.Iyo tembiricha ndeye 43-93 F, uye yakanyanya tembiricha i77 F, iyo inobatsira pakukura kwefungi.Mashizha madiki nemadiki akakuvadzwa nehanyanisi anonzi thrips anobatwa neutachiona.
Zviratidzo zvichaonekwa zuva rimwe kusvika mana mushure mekutapukirwa, uye spores itsva ichaonekwa pazuva rechishanu.Mavara epepuru anogona kukanganisa zvirimwa zvehanyanisi nguva isati yakwana, kukanganisa girobhu, uye zvinogona kukonzera kuora kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwechipiri.Utachiona hwepepuru hunogona kurarama munguva yechando pamusoro peshinda yefungal (mycelium) muzvidimbu zvehanyanisi.
Pakusarudza biocide, ndapota chinjanisa pakati pezvigadzirwa zvine maitiro akasiyana ekuita (FRAC kodhi).Tafura inotevera inonyora zvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa kuti downy mildew uye mavara epepuru pahanyanisi kuMichigan.The Michigan State University extension inoti rangarirai kuti mavara emishonga yezvipembenene zvinyorwa zviri pamutemo maererano nekushandiswa kwemishonga.Verenga mavara, sezvaanochinja kazhinji, uye tevera mirairo yese chaizvo.
* Mhangura: bheji SC, shasha chigadzirwa, N mhangura kuverenga, Kocide chigadzirwa, Nu-Cop 3L, Cuprofix hyperdispersant
*Hazvisi zvese zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvakaiswa chiratidzo che downy mildew nemakwapa epepuru;DM inonyanya kukurudzirwa kudzora downy mildew, PB inonyanya kukurudzirwa kudzora mavara epepuru