Centers for Disease Control (CDC) inoburitsa Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) svondo rega rega.Inonyanya kushandiswa navanachiremba, varapi vehutano hweveruzhinji, epidemiologists uye mamwe masayendisiti.Zvaunoverenga pakudya kwemanheru haisi varaidzo.Kunze kwekunge uchiziva, uri mupengo seni.
Zvinyorwa zvemumunda: Zvirwere zvakakomba zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwezvipembenene mabhandi-kubva 2000 kusvika 2013, manomwe anoti muUnited States neCanada.CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), January 17, 2014/63 (02);42-43
Mabhandi akaiswa dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate kana DDVP pest strips) akatanga kunyoreswa neShell Chemical Company pasi pezita rekutengeserana Vapona™ muna 1954. Aya mabhandi ezvipembenene akashandiswa nevanoongorora zvipembenene, mamiziyamu nezvimwe zvinodzivirira kupfutidza mumuseum. makumi emakore.
DDVP inoshanduka-shanduka, saka inoita basa rakanaka rekuparadzira munzvimbo dzakavharirwa.Rega nditaure zvakare-yakanyanya kutenderera.Mupfunga unobva pachidimbu cheDDVP unodzinga nekuuraya tumbuyu mukati me1,200 cubic feet kusvika kumwedzi mina.Iko kunhuwa kwakasimba kunoita kuti ndive nostalgic.Uku ndiko kunhuwa kwemamiyuziyamu emuenzaniso uye makabati asina kuvhurwa anoshamisa.Uku ndiko kunhuwa kwezvipembenene zvekare zvakaunganidzwa.
Mitsinga inotaurirana nekemikari kuburikidza nemagap kana synapses.Organophosphates inovhara transmitters uye inowedzeredza tsinga fibers uye tsandanyama.
DDVP inouraya zvipembenene zvakanaka nekuti ndeimwe yekupedzisira organophosphate mishonga yezvipembenene muUnited States iyo inogona kushandiswa mukati memba.Organophosphates inogona kuva nengozi, uye kushungurudzwa kunogona kuita kuti musana wako utenhe semapete ari kufa.
Organophosphate inouraya tsikidzi nekudzivirira masero etsinga kudzima masaini ekusimudzira.Vanovhara acetylcholinesterase, iyo iripo muhutano hwemagetsi emhuka dzose.Kunyanya kukurudzira kwemasero etsinga nenzira iyi kunogona kukonzera kubvunda, kuoma mitezo uye kufa.Sezvineiwo, huwandu hweDVPP hunodiwa kuuraya zvipembenene hudiki kwazvo kana huchienzaniswa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inokonzera zviratidzo muvanhu.
Chinhu chakakosha kuchengetedza mashandisirwo emushonga uyu.Chirevo cheCDC chinoratidza kuti iri ndiro dambudziko.Pakati pa2000 na2013, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fixed-point system yakashuma zvirwere zvakanyanya zvine chekuita nedichlorvos pest zone.Mhosva dzacho dzinoita sedzishoma, asi mumashoko emunyori anotungamirira weongororo yacho, Dr. Rebecca Tsai akati: “Izvi zvamazvirokwazvo kusarerutsa zviri kuitika.”Sentinel System inongova nematunhu gumi nemaviri eUS anotora chikamu.Muchikamu chidiki chenyika, CDC inongoziva nyaya dzakataurwa kubazi rezvehutano.
Makumi makumi maviri emakumi matatu nerimwe emhosva (65%) akashandisa DDVP zvisizvo uye akatyora mirairo uye mavara ekuchengetedza.Semunhu akadzidziswa, kana uchingogona kushandisa DDVP nemagogi, magirovhosi, uye zvinofema munzvimbo yakavharwa, zvichange zvichinakidza kuverenga zvinotevera:
"Zvizhinji zvezvirwere izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu vese (semukicheni nedzimba dzekurara) izvo zvinotyora mirairo yezita….Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwema-anti-virus strips munzvimbo dzekugara, zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira kushandiswa zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kwe-anti-virus strips Isa mubhegi rakavharwa rekubata zvinhu zvine hutachiona, kushaikwa kwekudzivirira kweganda (somuenzaniso, magirovhosi kana kusakwanisa. kugeza ganda nekukasira), isa tambo muwadhiropu uye pantry, cheka tambo kuita zvidimbu zvidiki wobvarura, Uye shandisa maheater nemafeni kukurumidza kupararira kwemhute mumutsetse."
CDC inotenda kuti chikamu chechikonzero chekushungurudzwa kweDDVP mitsetse ine chekuita nekukanganisika kwekurongedza.Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza maviri epamusoro-the-counter maDDVP ane zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutengwa nemaAmerican muzvitoro zvikuru zvezvitoro:
Mhando yekutanga yekurongedza ndeye yakajairwa kurongedza kune chinangwa chikuru chekomboni: yekurembera munzvimbo dzisina vanhu kana yekushandiswa mumakamuri akavharwa.Iyo ine graphic kumashure, iyo inooneka inoratidza kuti haina kuitirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekugara.Kana kuti kwete kutenderedza TV.
Yechipiri software package inoratidza kushandiswa kutsva kweDDVP: bug control.Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura vachishandisa DDVP sefumigant yemubhedha zvakaratidza mhedzisiro inokurudzira.
Mirayiridzo yeDVPP yemubhedha webug packaging inotaura kuti zvipembenene zviri mubhegi zvinofanira kuvharwa nemetiresi kwevhiki kuitira kuti zvipembenene zvinyangarika.Kune mirairo yakawanda mune zvinyorwa zvidiki kumashure kwepakeji.“Usaishandisa uko vanhu vanogara kwenguva refu” hakuna kujeka zvikuru."Kuwedzerwa" kwenguva yakareba sei?Kana iwe uchida kugadzira mubhedha wako kana fenicha, unogona kupedza nguva shoma shoma pane yenguva dzose mukamuri yekurara.
Ntsikidzi zviri pachena kuti zvinokurudzira kushandisa DDVP zvisina kuchenjera.Mushure mekuverenga nekukurukura mimwe mishumo yenyaya, ndakashamisika kuti hapana kukuvara kwakanyanya kwakaitika.Ndinobvumirana neCDC kuti kurongedza zvirinani uye kunyora mazita kuchabatsira kuona kuti vanhu vanoshandisa DDVP nekungwarira.
Kana chiri chisarudzo changu, ndichaisa mashoko okuti “Nokuda kworudo rwaMwari, usabata chinhu ichi” pasuru.Panofanira kunge paine nzira yekuratidza zvakajeka kuti komboni ine rekodhi yekukuvara kwetsinga uye inogona kuita kenza yemunhu muboka B2.
Chimwe chikamu chezita chinofanira kuchinjwa, kureva, mirairo yakasimba, ingoshandisa zvinhu munzvimbo ine mhepo yakanaka.Chikonzero chekufa kweDDVP kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumhepo yemhepo, zvakanyanya nekuti kune kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinogumbura mumhepo.Unogona kuisa DDVP munzvimbo yakamanikana-asi unofanira kubva usina kufema chero chinhu.
MuUnited States, DDVP inogona kutengwa pamusoro pekaunda uye inoshandiswa kumba.Kubva 2002, DDVP yakangorambidzwa muEU.
DDVP yakaongororwa neEPA kwemakumi emakore.Sezvo zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti DDVP ine carcinogenic uye neurotoxic, EPA yakapa DDVP kuchirongwa chekuongorora chakakosha muna 1980. Mumakore gumi akatevera, DDVP yakabatanidzwa mukuongorora kwakakosha, uye zvinenge zvese zvinoshandiswa muzvokudya zvakabviswa.Muna 1995, Amvac, muridzi mutsva wechiratidzo, nekuzvidira akadzima kushandiswa kweVapona mumasprayers, maapplication endege uye kugadzira chikafu.Pashure paizvozvo, zvinhu zvakava nemusoro zvishoma.Muna 2007, EPA yakabvisa DDVP kubva muongororo yakakosha.Masangano akawanda asiri kuita purofiti, anosanganisira American Bird Conservation Association neNatural Resources Defense Council, aratidzira.Muna 2008, kushandiswa kweDDVP mune imbwa flea collars kwakaguma nekuzvidira.Ikozvino, kumwe kushandiswa kutsva kweDDVP kunowedzerwa sezviputi zvetsikidzi.
Ini nguva pfupi yadarika ndakataura nezveimwe CDC yekurwara uye kufa mushumo, iyo yakawana kuti mazana evanhu akakuvadzwa nekuda kwekushungurudzwa kwezvipembenene kudzora tsikidzi.Dambudziko riri pano riri paviri.
Kutanga, dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuwana ruzivo rwakajeka rwakajeka pamusoro pezvinogona kudzora zvipembenene zvinobudirira.Izvo zviripo-Dhipatimendi rega rega reHutano neKuwedzera kweSevhisi rine zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvesainzi nezvenyaya iyi.Muenzaniso wakanaka ndeiyi nhevedzano yemavhidhiyo eSpanish, Hmong, Somali uye Chirungu ekuti ungaita sei netsikidzi.Hechino chinyorwa chakanakisa che mashandisiro ezvipembenene izvi zvipembenene zvakachengeteka.Neimwe nzira, ruzivo urwu harutauri kune vanhu vanoruda.
Izvi zvinonditungamirira kune dambudziko rechipiri: mari.Kana mari yaunowana iri shoma, unogona kusangana nematambudziko ezvipembenene uye kashoma kuti ukwanise kugadzirisa zvipembenene nenyanzvi.Iwe unogona kunge usina smartphone kana komputa yekuwana kana kuwana zviwanikwa zviripo.Ichi ndicho chikonzero mari yekuwedzera nyika uye kuparidzira uye mabasa ehutano hweveruzhinji yakakosha kwatiri tese.
Kunyangwe hazvo CDC yakataura dambudziko iri, yaitove US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) yaitonga kutengesa nekunyorwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.Chero shanduko kumushumo uyu (uye mishumo yapfuura pamusoro pebugs) inofanira kuitwa kuburikidza neEPA.EPA yanga ichikurudzira hurongwa hutsva uye hwakajeka hwekurongedza munguva yakapfuura, saka zvinotarisirwa kuti varambe vachichengetedza maitiro aya.
Iko kushandiswa uye / kana kunyoreswa kwechero chikamu chewebhusaiti ino kunoreva kugamuchirwa kwechibvumirano chedu chemushandisi (chakagadziridzwa kusvika 1/1/20) uye mutemo wekuvanzika uye chirevo checookie (yakagadziridzwa kusvika 1/1/20).Kodzero dzako dzekuvanzika dzeCalifornia.Zvishandiso zviri pawebhusaiti ino zvinogona kusakopwa, kugoverwa, kutapurirana, kuchengetwa kana kushandiswa neimwe nzira pasina mvumo yakanyorwa naCondéNast.Sarudzo yekushambadzira.