Byose birimo udukoko twica udukoko twitwa pyrethrine dukoreshwa mubuperesi bwa kera.Uyu munsi, turabikoresha muri shampo zo mu nda.
Murakaza neza kuri JSTOR ya buri munsi ya disoxes, aho dusuzuma uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nibintu bitemewe n’abahanga.Kugeza ubu, tumaze gupfundika umuriro mu mata, plastiki mu mazi, plastiki n’imiti mu kwangiza imibare.Uyu munsi, dukurikirana inkomoko ya shampoo yindimu mubuperesi bwa kera.
Mu myaka mike ishize, amashuri yo hirya no hino mu gihugu yagiye arwanya igitero cy’imitsi.Muri 2017, i Harrisburg, muri Pennsylvania, wasangaga abana barenga 100 bafite ibibari, akarere k'ishuri kise “kitigeze kibaho.”Kandi muri 2019, ishuri ryo mu gice cya Sheepshead Bay cyo mu ishuri rya Brooklyn ryatangaje icyorezo.Nubwo Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara muri rusange cyizera ko inyo zitangiza ubuzima, zishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.Kugira ngo ukureho inyo na liswi (amagi yabo mato), ugomba koza umusatsi wawe hamwe na shampoo irimo udukoko.
Ibikoresho byica udukoko muri shampo nyinshi zirenga kuri konte zirimo urugimbu rwitwa pyrethrum cyangwa pyrethrin.Uru ruganda ruboneka mu ndabyo nka tansy, pyrethrum na chrysanthemum (bakunze kwita chrysanthemum cyangwa chrysanthemum).Ibimera bisanzwe birimo ester esheshatu zitandukanye cyangwa pyrethrins-organic compound yangiza udukoko.
Byagaragaye ko izo ndabyo zagize ingaruka zica udukoko mu myaka amagana ishize.Mu ntangiriro ya 1800, pyrethrum chrysanthemum yo mu Buperesi yakoreshejwe mu gukuraho ibibari.Izi ndabyo zahinzwe bwa mbere mu bucuruzi muri Arumeniya mu 1828, kandi zihingwa muri Dalmatiya (muri iki gihe Korowasiya) nyuma yimyaka icumi.Indabyo zakozwe kugeza mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose.Iki gihingwa gikora neza mubihe bishyushye.Mu myaka ya za 1980, umusaruro wa pyrethrum wagereranijwe ni toni zigera ku 15.000 z’indabyo zumye ku mwaka, muri zo zirenga kimwe cya kabiri kiva muri Kenya, izindi zikomoka muri Tanzaniya, u Rwanda na uquateur.Abantu bagera ku 200.000 kwisi yose bitabira umusaruro wacyo.Indabyo zatoranijwe mu ntoki, zumishwa n'izuba cyangwa mu buryo bwa mashini, hanyuma zigahinduka ifu.Buri ndabyo zirimo mg zigera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 4 za pyrethrin -1 kugeza 2% kuburemere, kandi zitanga toni zigera kuri 150 kugeza kuri 200 z'imiti yica udukoko ku mwaka.Amerika yatangiye kwinjiza ifu mu 1860, ariko ingufu z’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu ntizagenze neza.
Mu minsi ya mbere, pyrethrum yakoreshwaga nkifu.Nyamara, guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, kuyivanga na kerosene, hexane cyangwa ibisa na byo kugirango ukore spray y'amazi bifite akamaro kuruta ifu.Nyuma, ibigereranyo bitandukanye byubukorikori byakozwe.Ibi bita pyrethroide (pyrethroide), ni imiti ifite imiterere isa na pyrethroide ariko ikaba yangiza udukoko.Mu myaka ya za 1980, pyrethroide enye zakoreshejwe mu kurinda ibihingwa-permethrine, cypermethrine, decamethrin na fenvalerate.Ibi bikoresho bishya birakomeye kandi biramba, kuburyo bishobora kuguma mubidukikije, ibihingwa, ndetse n'amagi cyangwa amata.Pyrethroide irenga 1.000 yakozwe, ariko kuri ubu hariho pyrethroide itarenga cumi na zibiri ikoreshwa muri Amerika.Pyrethroide na pyrethroide bikunze gukoreshwa bifatanije nindi miti kugirango birinde kubora no kongera urupfu.
Kugeza vuba aha, pyrethroide yabonwaga ko ifite umutekano muke kubantu.By'umwihariko, birasabwa gukoresha ibice bitatu bya pyrethroide deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin na permethrine mu kurwanya udukoko murugo.
Ariko ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko pyrethroide idafite akaga.Nubwo zifite uburozi bwikubye inshuro 2250 kurenza udukoko tw’intangangore, zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bantu.Igihe abahanga bo muri kaminuza ya Iowa basuzumaga amakuru y’ubuzima y’abantu bakuru 2000 kugira ngo basobanukirwe n’uko umubiri usenya pyrethroide, basanze iyi miti yikuba gatatu ibyago byo kwandura indwara zifata umutima.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere bwerekanye kandi ko kumara igihe kinini uhura na pyrethroide (urugero kubantu babipakira) bishobora gutera ibibazo byubuzima nko kuzunguruka no kunanirwa.
Usibye abantu bakorana na pyrethroide mu buryo butaziguye, abantu banabonana nabo cyane cyane binyuze mu biryo, barya imbuto n'imboga zatewe, cyangwa niba amazu yabo, ibyatsi n'ubusitani byatewe.Nyamara, imiti yica udukoko twitwa pyrethroid uyumunsi nuwa kabiri wica udukoko twangiza udukoko ku isi.Ibi bivuze ko abantu bagomba guhangayikishwa no koza umusatsi hamwe na shampoo irimo pyrethrum?Gukaraba bike ntabwo bishoboka ko byangiza abantu, ariko birakwiye ko ugenzura ibiyigize mumacupa yica udukoko dukoreshwa mu gutera amazu, ubusitani hamwe n’ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa n’umubu.
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