Roberto Lopez na Kellie Walters, ishami ry’ubuhinzi bw’imboga, kaminuza ya leta ya Michigan-Ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2017
Ubushyuhe bwikirere hamwe nubunyobwa bwamazi yabatwara mugihe cyo kubisaba bizagira ingaruka kumikorere yo gukura kwa Ethephon ikura (PGR).
Igenzura ryikura ryibimera (PGR) rikunze gukoreshwa nkibiti bya foliar, insimburangingo, insimburangingo cyangwa amatara, ibirayi na rhizomes infusion / infusion.Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomoka ku bimera ku bihingwa byangiza parike birashobora gufasha abahinzi kubyara ibihingwa bimwe kandi byoroshye bishobora gupakirwa byoroshye, gutwarwa, no kugurishwa kubaguzi.Hafi ya PGRs ikoreshwa nabahinzi ba pariki (urugero, pyrethroid, chlorergot, damazine, fluoxamide, paclobutrazol cyangwa uniconazole) ibuza kurambura uruti mu kubuza biosynthesis ya gibberelline (GAs) (Gukura kwagutse) Gibberellin ni imisemburo yibihingwa.Kandi uruti rurambuye.
Ibinyuranye, ethephon (2-chloroethyl; aside fosifonique) ni PGR ikoresha byinshi kuko irekura Ethylene (imisemburo yibimera ishinzwe gukura na senescence) iyo ikoreshejwe.Irashobora gukoreshwa mukubuza kurambura uruti;kongera diameter;kugabanya ubwiganze bwa apical, biganisha ku kongera amashami no gukura kuruhande;no gutera kumeneka indabyo nuduti (gukuramo inda) (ifoto 1).
Kurugero, iyo ikoreshejwe mugihe cyimyororokere, irashobora gushyiraho "isaha yibinyabuzima" y ibihingwa byindabyo rimwe na rimwe cyangwa bitaringaniye (nka Impatiens New Gineya) kuri zeru bitera gukuramo inda nindabyo (ifoto 2).Byongeye kandi, abahinzi bamwe barayikoresha kugirango bongere amashami kandi bagabanye kuramba kwa petunia (ifoto 3).
Ifoto 2. Kurabya imburagihe kandi bitaringaniye no kubyara Impatiens Gineya Nshya.Ifoto ya Roberto Lopez, Kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan.
Igicapo 3. Petunia ivurwa na ethephon yariyongereye amashami, igabanuka rya internode no gukuramo indabyo.Ifoto ya Roberto Lopez, Kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan.
Ethephon (urugero, Florel, 3,9% yibikoresho bikora; cyangwa Collate, 21.7% yibikoresho bikora) spray isanzwe ikoreshwa mubihingwa bya parike nyuma yicyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo guterwa, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yicyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.Ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yabyo, harimo igipimo, ingano, ikoreshwa rya surfactants, pH yumuti wa spray, substrate yubushyuhe nubushuhe bwa parike.
Ibikurikira bizakwigisha uburyo bwo kunoza ikoreshwa rya spray ya ethephon ukurikirana kandi ugahindura ibintu bibiri bikunze kwirengagizwa kumuco nibidukikije bigira ingaruka kumikorere.
Kimwe na chimique yimiti myinshi hamwe nubutunzi bwibimera, ethephon isanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwamazi (spray).Iyo ethephon ihinduwe na Ethylene, ihinduka kuva mumazi ihinduka gaze.Niba ethephon ibora muri Ethylene hanze y'uruganda, imiti myinshi izabura mu kirere.Kubwibyo, turashaka ko yakirwa nibimera mbere yuko bicika muri Ethylene.Mugihe agaciro ka pH kiyongereye, ethephon ihita ibora muri Ethylene.Ibi bivuze ko intego ari ukubungabunga pH yumuti wa spray hagati ya 4 kugeza 5 isabwa nyuma yo kongeramo ethephon mumazi yabatwara.Mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ikibazo, kuko ethephon isanzwe iba acide.Ariko, niba ubunyobwa bwawe buri hejuru, pH ntishobora kugwa murwego rwasabwe, kandi ushobora gukenera kongeramo buffer, nka aside (acide sulfurike cyangwa ibiyunganira, pHase5 cyangwa icyerekezo 5) kugirango ugabanye pH..
Ethephon isanzwe ifite aside.Mugihe kwibanda kwiyongera, pH yumuti izagabanuka.Mugihe ubunyobwa bwabatwara amazi bugabanuka, pH yumuti nayo izagabanuka (ifoto 4).Intego nyamukuru nugukomeza pH yumuti wa spray hagati ya 4 na 5. Ariko, abahinzi bamazi meza (alkalineitike) barashobora gukenera kongeramo izindi buffer kugirango babuze pH yumuti wa spray kuba muke (pH munsi ya 3.0 ).
Igicapo 4. Ingaruka zamazi ya alkalinity hamwe na ethephon yibanze kuri pH yumuti wa spray.Umurongo wumukara werekana gutwara amazi asabwa pH 4.5.
Mu bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan, twakoresheje alkalinite eshatu zitwara amazi (50, 150 na 300 ppm CaCO3) na ethephon enye (Collat ​​e, Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA; 0, 250, 500 na 750) shyira ingufu za ethephon (ppm) yibiti bya geranium, petunia na verbena.Twasanze ko uko alkalinity yabatwara amazi igabanuka hamwe nubunini bwa ethephon bwiyongera, imikurire ihindagurika igabanuka (ifoto 5).
Igicapo 5. Ingaruka zamazi ya alkalinity hamwe na ethephon yibanda kumashami nindabyo za geranium.Ifoto ya Kelly Walters.
Kubwibyo, Kwagura MSU biragusaba kugenzura alkalinity yamazi yabatwara mbere yo gukoresha ethephon.Ibi birashobora gukorwa wohereje icyitegererezo cyamazi muri laboratoire ukunda, cyangwa urashobora kugerageza amazi ukoresheje metero ya alkalinity ya hand (Ishusho 6) hanyuma ugahindura ibikenewe nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru.Ibikurikira, ongeramo ethephon hanyuma urebe pH yumuti wa spray ukoresheje metero ya pH ifite intoki kugirango umenye neza ko iri hagati ya 4 na 5.
Ifoto 6. Ikigereranyo kigendanwa gifashwe na metero ya alkalinity, ishobora gukoreshwa muri pariki kugirango hamenyekane ubwinshi bwamazi.Ifoto ya Kelly Walters.
Twiyemeje kandi ko ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukoresha imiti bizanagira ingaruka kumikorere ya ethephon.Mugihe ubushyuhe bwikirere bwiyongera, umuvuduko wa Ethylene urekurwa na ethephon uriyongera, mubyukuri bigabanya imikorere yayo.Duhereye ku bushakashatsi bwacu, twasanze ethephon ifite efficacy ihagije mugihe ubushyuhe bwo gusaba buri hagati ya dogere 57 na 73 Fahrenheit.Ariko, igihe ubushyuhe bwazamutse bugera kuri dogere 79 Fahrenheit, ethephon ntacyo yigeze igira ku mikurire yo kuramba, ndetse no gukura kw'ishami cyangwa gukuramo inda (ifoto 7).
Igicapo 7. Ingaruka yubushuhe bwa progaramu kuri efficacy ya 750 ppm ethephon spray kuri petunia.Ifoto ya Kelly Walters.
Niba ufite amazi menshi ya alkaline, nyamuneka koresha buffer cyangwa ibiyongeweho kugirango ugabanye ubunyobwa bwamazi mbere yo kuvanga igisubizo cya spray hanyuma amaherezo ugere kuri pH agaciro kumuti wa spray.Tekereza gutera spray ya ethephon muminsi yibicu, kare mugitondo cyangwa nimugoroba mugihe ubushyuhe bwa parike buri munsi ya 79 F.
Murakoze.Aya makuru ashingiye kumirimo ishyigikiwe na Fine Americas, Inc, Western Greenhouse Association, Detroit Metropolitan Flowers Growers Association, hamwe na Ball Horticultural Co.
Iyi ngingo yasohowe na kaminuza ya leta ya Michigan.Kubindi bisobanuro, nyamuneka sura https://extension.msu.edu.Kohereza incamake yubutumwa kuri imeri yawe imeri, nyamuneka sura https://extension.msu.edu/amakuru.Kugira ngo ubaze inzobere mu karere kanyu, nyamuneka sura https://extension.msu.edu/experts cyangwa uhamagare 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).
Kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan ni igikorwa cyemeza, abakoresha amahirwe angana, biyemeje gushishikariza buri wese kugera ku bushobozi bwe bwose binyuze mu bakozi batandukanye ndetse n'umuco uhuriweho kugira ngo ugere ku iterambere.Gahunda yo kwagura kaminuza ya leta ya Michigan n'ibikoresho birakinguye kuri buri wese, hatitawe ku bwoko, ibara, inkomoko y'igihugu, igitsina, indangamuntu, idini, imyaka, uburebure, uburemere, ubumuga, imyizerere ya politiki, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, uko abashakanye, uko umuryango umeze, cyangwa ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru Imiterere ya gisirikare.Ku bufatanye n’ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri Amerika, ryatanzwe binyuze mu kuzamura MSU kuva ku ya 8 Gicurasi kugeza ku ya 30 Kamena 1914. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwagura MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Aya makuru agamije intego zuburezi gusa.Kuvuga ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi cyangwa amazina yubucuruzi ntibisobanura ko byemejwe na MSU Kwagura cyangwa gutonesha ibicuruzwa bitavuzwe.Izina n'ibirango 4-H birinzwe byumwihariko na Kongere kandi birinzwe na code 18 USC 707.