Kubora umutuku nindwara yingenzi yo kubika ibirayi.Iterwa n'ubutaka buterwa n'ubutaka Phytophthora, Phytophthora, kandi iboneka ahantu hahingwa ibirayi ku isi.
Iyi virusi yororoka mu butaka bwuzuye, bityo indwara ikunze kuba ifitanye isano nimirima iri hasi cyangwa ahantu humye.Umubare w'indwara ni mwinshi ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 70 ° F na 85 ° F.
Ntushobora kubona ibara ryijimye mbere yo gusarura cyangwa kubika ibirayi, ariko bitangirira mumurima.Indwara zisanzwe zikomoka kumaguru, ariko zirashobora no kugaragara mumaso cyangwa ibikomere.Kubora birashobora kandi gukwirakwira kuva mubijumba kugeza mubijumba mugihe cyo kubika.
Kimwe na virusi itera ubukererwe (Phytophthora infestans) no kumeneka (Pythium lethal), indwara yijimye yijimye ni igihumyo kimeze nka oomycete, ntabwo ari fungus "nyayo".
Kuki tugomba kubyitaho?Kuberako imiti igabanya ubukana bwa fungal muri rusange ntabwo ikoreshwa kuri oomycetes.Ibi bigabanya uburyo bwo kugenzura imiti.
Indwara ya oomycete ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura ibibyimba byijimye ni mefenfloxacin (nka Ridomil Gold yo muri Syngenta, Ultra Flourish yo muri Nuffam) na metalaxyl (nka MetaStar yo muri LG Life Science).Metalaxyl izwi kandi nka metalaxyl-M, isa na metalaxyl.
Ikirango cya acide fosifori yerekana ibihe bitandukanye nuburyo bukoreshwa.Muri pasifika y'amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba, turasaba inama eshatu kugeza enye zikoreshwa mubibabi, duhereye kubunini bwikirayi nubunini bwinguni.
Acide ya fosifori irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumuti nyuma yisarura nyuma yibijumba byinjiye mububiko.Izindi fungiside zikoreshwa mukurwanya ububi bwijimye ni fentrazone (urugero, Ranman wo muri Summit Agro), oxatipyrine (urugero, Orondis yo muri Syngenta), na flufentrazone (urugero, Valent USA Presidio).
Soma ibirango byibicuruzwa witonze kandi ubaze impuguke zaho kubijyanye nigiciro cyiza na gahunda mukarere kawe.
Kubwamahirwe, Rhodopseudomonas zimwe zirwanya metalaxyl.Kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge byemejwe mu turere dukura ibirayi muri Amerika na Kanada.Ibi bivuze ko abahinzi bamwe bashobora gukenera gutekereza kubundi buryo bwo kurwanya ibara ryijimye, nko gukoresha aside fosifori.
Wabwirwa n'iki ko mu murima wawe hari metalaxyl idashobora kwihanganira ibara ryijimye?Tanga icyitegererezo cyibijumba muri laboratoire yo gusuzuma ibihingwa hanyuma ubasabe gukora ikizamini cya metalaxyl sensitivite-ikirayi kigomba kwerekana ibimenyetso byangirika.
Uturere tumwe na tumwe twakozweho ubushakashatsi kugira ngo tumenye ubwinshi bw’ibibabi byangiza ibiyobyabwenge.Uyu mwaka tuzakora ubushakashatsi i Washington, Oregon na Idaho.
Turasaba abahinzi bo muri pasifika y'amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba gushakisha ibimenyetso bibora byijimye mugihe cyo gusarura cyangwa kugenzura ububiko, nibisangwa, twohereze.Iyi serivisi ni ubuntu, kubera ko ikiguzi cyikizamini gitangwa ninkunga yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ibirayi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba.
Carrie Huffman Wohleb ni umwarimu wungirije / impuguke mu karere mu birayi, imboga n’imbuto muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Washington.Reba inkuru zose zabanditsi hano.