Iyi ngingo ivuga ku buryo bushoboka bwo gukoresha ibimera bikura (PGR) mu musaruro mwiza wa kireri.Ibirango bikoreshwa mubucuruzi birashobora gutandukana kubicuruzwa, leta na leta, hamwe nigihugu / akarere, kandi ibyifuzo byo gupakira birashobora kandi gutandukana kubipfunyika bitewe nisoko rigenewe.Kubwibyo, abahinzi ba Cherry bagomba kumenya kuboneka, byemewe nuburyo bukwiye bwo gukoreshwa mubusitani bwabo.
Mu ishuri rya WSU Cherry rya kaminuza ya Leta ya Washington muri 2019, Byron Phillips wo muri Wilbur-Ellis yakiriye ikiganiro kijyanye n'umutungo kamere.Impamvu iroroshye cyane.Muburyo bwinshi, igenzura rikomeye ryikura ryibimera ni ibyatsi, ibyatsi n'iminyururu.
Mubyukuri, ibyinshi mubikorwa byanjye byubushakashatsi byibanze ku gutema no guhugura, ubwo ni bwo buryo bwizewe bwo guhindura imiterere yikamba no kugereranya imbuto-amababi kugirango tugere kandi dukomeze ibiti byifuzwa hamwe nubwiza bwimbuto.Ariko, nshimishijwe no gukoresha PGR nk'ikindi gikoresho cyo guhuza neza imirimo itandukanye yo gucunga imirima.
Imwe mu mbogamizi nyamukuru mugukoresha neza PGR mugucunga neza umurima wimbuto nziza ni uko igisubizo cyibimera mugihe cyo kubisaba (absorption / absorption) na nyuma yo kubisaba (ibikorwa bya PGR) bizatandukana bitewe nuburyo butandukanye, imiterere yimiterere nikirere cyikirere.Kubwibyo, ipaki yibyifuzo ntabwo yizewe-nkuko mubice byinshi byera imbuto, ibigeragezo bito bito byikigereranyo kumurima birashobora gusabwa kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana nubutaka bumwe.
Ibikoresho nyamukuru bya PGR kugirango bigere kumiterere isabwa kandi bigenzure kubungabunga ibiti ni iterambere ryiterambere nka gibberellin (GA4 + 7) na cytokinin (6-benzyl adenine cyangwa 6-BA), hamwe nabakozi babuza gukura, nka calcium ya hexadione yumwimerere. (P-Ca)) na paclobutrazol (PP333).
Usibye paclobutrazol, uburyo bwo gucuruza buri biyobyabwenge bufite ikirango cyanditseho Cherry muri Amerika, nka Promaline na Perlan (6-BA wongeyeho GA4 + 7), MaxCel (6-BA) na Apogee na Kudos (P-Ca )., Azwi kandi nka Regalis mubindi bihugu / uturere tumwe na tumwe.Nubwo paclobutrazol (Cultar) ishobora gukoreshwa mubihugu bimwe na bimwe bitanga amashurwe (nk'Ubushinwa, Espagne, Nouvelle-Zélande na Ositaraliya), byanditswe gusa muri Amerika muri turf (Trimmit) hamwe na pariki (nka Bonzi, Shrink, Paczol) ) Na Piccolo) inganda.
Ikoreshwa cyane mubateza imbere gukura ni ugutera amashami kuruhande rwibiti bito mugihe cyo gukura.Ibi birashobora gukoreshwa mubice biganisha cyangwa bigasiga irangi kumurabyo, cyangwa kumurwi umwe;icyakora, niba ikirere gikonje gikoreshwa, ibisubizo birashobora kuba bito.
Ubundi, iyo amababi maremare meza agaragara kandi akaguka, spray yamababi irashobora gukoreshwa kubigenewe kuyobora cyangwa igice cya stent, cyangwa nyuma ikayoborwa mubuyobozi bwagutse mugihe amashami yimpande zigomba gushingwa.Iyindi nyungu yo gukoresha spray nuko mubisanzwe ikomeza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru icyarimwe kugirango igere kubikorwa byiza byo gukura.
Prohexadione-Ca ibuza ishami no kurasa kuramba.Bitewe n'imbaraga z'igihingwa, birashobora kuba ngombwa kongera gusaba inshuro nyinshi mugihe cyihinga kugirango ugere kurwego rwifuzwa rwo kubuza gukura.Porogaramu yambere irashobora gukorwa kuri santimetero 1 kugeza kuri 3 uhereye kwambere kwaguka kurasa, hanyuma ugasubirwamo kubimenyetso byambere byo gukura gushya.
Kubwibyo, birashoboka ko yemerera gukura gushya kugera kurwego rusabwa, hanyuma ugashyiraho P-Ca kugirango uhagarike iterambere, kugabanya ibikenerwa gutema icyi, kandi ntibigire ingaruka kumikurire yigihembwe gitaha.Paclobutrazol ninzitizi ikomeye kandi irashobora no kubuza gukura kwayo mumyaka mike iri imbere, iyi ikaba ari imwe mumpamvu idashobora gukoreshwa mubiti byimbuto muri Amerika.Ishami ribuza P-Ca rishobora kuba rishimishije cyane mugutezimbere no kubungabunga sisitemu y'amahugurwa.Kurugero, UFO na KGB, bibanda kumurongo uhagaze, udafite amashami yumuyobozi ukuze.
Ibikoresho nyamukuru bya PGR kugirango bitezimbere ubwiza bwimbuto nziza za cheri (cyane cyane ingano yimbuto) zirimo gibberellin GA3 (nka ProGibb, Falgro) na GA4 (Novagib), alachlor (CPPU, Splendor) na brassinosteroide (homobrassinoids).Ester, HBR).Nk’uko raporo zibyerekana, ikoreshwa rya GA4 kuva mu matsinda magufi kugeza kugwa kw’ibibabi, no kuva mu ndabyo kugera ku gishishwa no gucikamo ibice (guhera ku ibara ry’ibyatsi, bivugwa ko bigabanya ibyiyumvo byo gucika ku rugero runaka), CPPU yongera ubunini bwimbuto.
GA3 na HBR ifite ibara ry'ibyatsi, utitaye ko bikoreshwa ku nshuro ya kabiri (ubusanzwe bikoreshwa mu mizigo iremereye kandi bigakoreshwa), bishobora gutuma ubunini bwiyongera, ibirimo isukari hamwe no gusarura;HBR ikunda gukura kare kandi icyarimwe, mugihe GA3 ikunda gutinda no gukura icyarimwe.Gukoresha GA3 birashobora kugabanya umutuku utukura kuri cheri yumuhondo (nka "Imvura").
Gukoresha GA3 ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 nyuma yindabyo birashobora kugabanya imiterere yindabyo mumwaka ukurikira, bityo bigahindura igipimo cyibibabi byimbuto n'imbuto, bigira ingaruka nziza kumitwaro y'ibihingwa, gushiraho imbuto n'ubwiza bwimbuto.Hanyuma, imirimo imwe yubushakashatsi yasanze ikoreshwa rya BA-6, GA4 + 7 mugihe cyo kugaragara / kwaguka kwamababi, kandi kuvanga byombi bishobora kongera kwaguka nubunini bwa nyuma bwamashami namababi, bityo bikongera igipimo cya agace k'ibabi kugeza ku mbuto kandi Bikekwa ko bifite ingaruka nziza kumiterere yimbuto.
Ibikoresho nyamukuru bya PGR bishobora kugira ingaruka kumusaruro wimbuto zirimo Ethylene: umusaruro wa Ethylene ukomoka kuri ethephon (nka ethephon, Motivate) no gukoresha aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, nka ReTain) kugirango ubuze Ethylene ikomatanyirijwe hamwe nibimera bisanzwe.Ikoreshwa rya ethephon mu gihe cyizuba (mu ntangiriro za Nzeri) ryerekanye ibyiringiro runaka, bishobora guteza imbere imihindagurikire yubukonje kandi bigasubika indabyo zikurikiraho iminsi itatu kugeza kuri itanu, bishobora kugabanya ingaruka zubukonje bwimvura.Gutinda kurabyo birashobora kandi gufasha guhuza igihe cyururabyo rwubwoko bwanduye, bitabaye ibyo ntibizahure neza, bityo byongera igipimo cyimbuto.
Gukoresha ethephon mbere yo gusarura birashobora guteza imbere kwera imbuto, gusiga amabara no kumena, ariko mubisanzwe bikoreshwa gusa mugusarura imashini za cheri zitunganya, kuko zishobora no guteza imbere imbuto zitifuzwa koroshya imbuto zamasoko mashya.Gukoresha ethephon birashobora gutera umwuka mubi kurwego rutandukanye, bitewe nubushyuhe cyangwa umuvuduko wibiti mugihe cyo kubisaba.Nubwo bidashimishije muburyo bwiza kandi byanze bikunze bizakoresha umutungo wigiti, umwuka mubi uterwa na Ethylene mubisanzwe ntabwo bigira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwigiti.
Mu myaka yashize, ikoreshwa rya AVG mu gihe cy’indabyo ryiyongereye kugira ngo ovule ishobore kwemera ifumbire mvaruganda, bityo bitezimbere imbuto, cyane cyane mu bwoko butanga umusaruro muke (nka “Regina”, “Teton” na “Benton”) .Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa inshuro ebyiri mugitangira kumera (10% kugeza 20% byururabyo) na 50% byururabyo.
Greg yatubereye impuguke ya Cherry kuva mu 2014. Akora ubushakashatsi mu guteza imbere no guhuza ubumenyi ku mizi mishya, amoko, ibidukikije ndetse n’iterambere ry’imyororokere, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’imboga, kandi akabishyira mu buryo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo gukora.Reba inkuru zose zabanditsi hano.