Abahanga bavuga ko gukurikirana neza imitego no gukoresha imiti mu gihe gikwiye biri mu rufunguzo rwo kwirinda kwangirika kwangiza udukoko tw’umwelayo.
Serivisi ishinzwe ubuvuzi bwa Tuscan mu karere ka Tuscan yashyize ahagaragara amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo kugenzura no kugenzura umubare w’imbuto z’imyelayo n’abahinzi n’abatekinisiye bakora mu mirima kama kandi ihuriweho.
Ufatwa nk'imwe mu byonnyi byangiza ibiti by'imyelayo bitewe n’ibyangiritse bitera ku bwinshi no ku bwiza bw’imbuto, ako gakoko kangirika kiboneka mu kibaya cya Mediterane, Afurika y'Epfo, Amerika yo Hagati n'iy'epfo, Ubushinwa, Ositaraliya na Amerika
Amabwiriza yatanzwe n’impuguke yibanze ku kibazo cya Tuscany ashobora guhuzwa n’abahinzi hakurikijwe iterambere ry’isazi, ishobora gutandukana bitewe nubutaka n’imiterere y’ahantu ho gukura imyelayo.
Massimo Ricciolini wo muri serivisi ya Phytosanitarike ya Tuscan yagize ati: "Mu bihugu by’Uburayi, imbogamizi zituruka ku kubuza Dimethoate zisaba uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura isazi ya elayo".”Nyamara, urebye ko hakenewe cyane iterambere rirambye, twizera ko atari ukwizerwa kwa phytiatrice gusa ahubwo n'umutekano w’uburozi n’ibidukikije bigomba kuba ishingiro ry’ingamba zose zifatika zo kurwanya iki cyorezo.”
Kuvana ku isoko kwa sisitemu yo mu bwoko bwa organophosphate yica udukoko Dimethoate, yakoreshejwe mu kurwanya liswi y’isazi, byatumye abahanga batekereza ko icyiciro cy’udukoko ari cyo ntego nyamukuru y’urugamba.
Ricciolini yagize ati: "Kwirinda bigomba kuba intego nyamukuru y'uburyo bunoze kandi burambye.""Nta bundi buryo bwo guhinga kama muri iki gihe, mu gihe rero tugitegereje ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi ku buvuzi bushya bwo kuvura (ni ukuvuga kurwanya amagi na livi), ni ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa tekinike yo kwica cyangwa kwirukana abantu bakuru."
Yongeyeho ati: "Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mu karere kacu isazi irangiza igisekuru cyayo cya mbere mu mpeshyi."”Udukoko dukoresha imyelayo iguma ku bimera, bitewe no gusarura bituzuye cyangwa ibiti by'imyelayo byatereranye, nk'imyororokere n'imyororokere.Kubera iyo mpamvu, hagati y'impera za Kamena n'intangiriro za Nyakanga, ubusanzwe, indege ya kabiri y'umwaka, iruta iyambere. ”
Igitsina gore kibika amagi yabo mumyelayo yumwaka urangiye, kimaze kwakirwa kandi mubisanzwe mugitangira inzira yo guhuza amabuye.
Ricciolini yagize ati: "Muri aya magi, havuka igisekuru cya kabiri cy'umwaka, ari cyo cyambere cy'impeshyi."”Imbuto z'icyatsi, zikura noneho zangizwa n'ibikorwa bya livre, inyura mu byiciro bitatu, ikura ku kiguzi cya pulp, gucukura umuyoboro muri mesocarp ubanza uba usa n'uw'urudodo, hanyuma ukimbitse kandi hamwe na igice kinini, hanyuma, amaherezo, kugaragara ku gice cya elliptique. ”
Yongeyeho ati: “Ukurikije ibihe, liswi zikuze zimanuka hasi kugira ngo zibe cyangwa, igihe icyiciro cy'ibibondo kirangiye, abantu bakuru barikuramo [biva mu kibazo cy'abana].”
Mu mezi ashyushye, ibihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi (hejuru ya 30 kugeza 33 ° C - 86 kugeza kuri 91.4 ° F) hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke ugereranije (munsi ya 60%) bishobora gutera urupfu rw'ibice byinshi by'amagi hamwe n'abaturage bato bato, bityo bikavamo kugabanya ingaruka mbi.
Umubare w'isazi muri rusange wiyongera cyane muri Nzeri na Ukwakira, bigatera ibyago byo kwangirika buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe cyo gusarura, bitewe no kugabanuka kwimbuto ndetse nuburyo bwa okiside bigira ingaruka kumyelayo.Mu rwego rwo gukumira intanga ngore no gukura kwinshi, abahinzi bagomba gusarura hakiri kare, bigira akamaro cyane cyane mumyaka yanduye cyane.
Ricciolini yagize ati: "Muri Tuscany, usibye ko bikwiye, ibyago byo kugaba ibitero usanga ari byinshi ku nkombe z'inyanja, kandi bikunda kugabanuka bigana mu bice by'imbere, imisozi miremire, na Apennines".”Mu myaka 15 ishize, ubumenyi bwiyongereye ku binyabuzima by’imyelayo no gushyiraho imibare nini y’ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bw’abaturage byatumye bishoboka gusobanura icyitegererezo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.”
Yongeyeho ati: “Byerekanye ko, mu karere kacu, ubushyuhe buke mu gihe cy'itumba bugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ako gakoko kandi ko umubare w'abaturage baho mu gihe cy'itumba ugira ingaruka ku baturage bo mu gihe cy'impeshyi.”
Icyifuzo ni ugukurikirana imbaraga zabaturage bakuze, guhera kuguruka kwambere kwumwaka, hamwe no kwanduza imyelayo, guhera kumurongo wa kabiri wumwaka.
Igenzura ry'indege rigomba gukorwa, buri cyumweru, hamwe n'imitego ya chromotropique cyangwa feromone (imitego imwe kugeza kuri itatu kubutaka busanzwe bwa hegitari imwe / hegitari 2,5 - hamwe na 280);gukurikirana ibyorezo bigomba gukorwa, buri cyumweru, gutoranya imyelayo 100 kumurima wa elayo (urebye kuri hegitari imwe / hegitari 2,5 hamwe nibiti bya elayo 280).
Niba kwandura kurenze igipimo cya gatanu ku ijana (gitangwa n'amagi mazima, livi yo mu myaka ya mbere n'iya kabiri) cyangwa 10 ku ijana (bitangwa n'amagi mazima na livi yo mu myaka ya mbere), birashoboka gukomeza gukoresha ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa byemewe.
Muri urwo rwego, hashingiwe ku bumenyi bw’akarere n’ububi bw’ibitero ukurikije inshuro n’uburemere, impuguke zishimangira akamaro ko gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukumira no / cyangwa kwica abantu bakuze mu mpeshyi.
Ricciolini yagize ati: "Tugomba gutekereza ko ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bikora neza mu busitani bunini."”Abandi bakunda gukora neza mu bibanza bito.”
Imirima minini ya elayo (hegitari zirenga eshanu / hegitari 12.4) isaba ibikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa byogukora hamwe nigikorwa cyo 'gukurura no kwica' ​​kigamije kureshya abagabo nigitsina gore bakuze kubiryo cyangwa isoko ya feromone hanyuma ukabica ukoresheje (uburozi) bait) cyangwa kubonana (hamwe nubuso bukora bwigikoresho).
Imitego ya feromone nudukoko twica udukoko tuboneka kumasoko, hamwe numutego wakozwe n'intoki urimo proteine ​​za protein zikoreshwa cyane kandi nziza;byongeye, imiti yica udukoko karemano, Spinosad, iremewe mubihugu byinshi.
Mubibanza bito birasabwa gukoresha ibicuruzwa bifite ibikorwa bibi byo kurwanya igitsina gabo nigitsina gore hamwe ningaruka zo kurwanya oviposition ku bagore, nkumuringa, kaolin, andi mabuye y'agaciro nka zeolith na bentonite, hamwe nuruvange rushingiye ku gihumyo, Beauveria bassiana.Ubushakashatsi burakomeje kubuvuzi bubiri bwa nyuma.
Abahinzi mu buhinzi bahurijwe hamwe barashobora gukoresha, aho byemewe, imiti yica udukoko ishingiye kuri Phosmet (organophosphate), Acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) na Deltamethrin (mu Butaliyani, iyi ester ya pyrethide irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mumitego).
Ricciolini yagize ati: "Muri byose, ikigamijwe ni ukurinda intanga ngore."”Mu karere kacu, ibi bisobanura kurwanya abakuze mu ndege ya mbere yo mu mpeshyi, iba mu mpera za Kamena kugeza mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga.Tugomba gutekereza nk'ibipimo by'ingenzi ifatwa rya mbere ry'abantu bakuru mu mutego, umwobo wa mbere wa oviposition ndetse n'umwobo ukomera mu mbuto. ”
Ati: "Kuva mu mpeshyi ya kabiri iguruka, ingamba zo gukumira zirashobora gukemurwa hitawe ku gihe cyibikorwa byibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe, kurangiza icyiciro cyambere (ni ukuvuga icyiciro cyiterambere gihita kibanziriza abakuze) icyiciro cy’udukoko, gufata bwa mbere; y'abakuze bo mu gisekuru cyabanjirije, ndetse na oviposition ya mbere cyane y'ibisekuru bishya, "Ricciolini.
Ibiciro bya peteroli ya Olive muri Puglia bikomeje kugabanuka nubwo umusaruro muke muri 2020. Coldiretti yizera ko guverinoma igomba gukora byinshi.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ikoreshwa ry’amavuta y’imyelayo y’isugi y’Ubutaliyani afite ibimenyetso byerekana imiterere y’imiterere byiyongereye mu myaka itanu.
Abakorerabushake muri Toscolano Maderno berekana agaciro k'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'ibiti by'imyelayo byatawe.
Mugihe igice kinini cyamavuta ya elayo agikomoka kubuhinzi gakondo muri Mediterane, imirima mishya yibanda kumirima ikora neza kandi ikagira iterambere ryiyongera mubikorwa.