Mary Hausbeck, ishami ry’ibimera nubutaka nubumenyi bwa mikorobe, kaminuza ya leta ya Michigan-23 Nyakanga 2014
Intara ya Michigan yemeje ko igitunguru cyamanutse ku gitunguru.Muri Michigan, iyi ndwara ibaho buri myaka itatu cyangwa ine.Iyi ni indwara yangiza cyane kuko iyo itavuwe, irashobora kugwira vuba kandi igakwira ahantu hose ikura.
Indwara yanduye iterwa no kurimbuka kwa Peronospora, ishobora kwangiza ibihingwa imburagihe.Irabanza kwanduza amababi yabanje kandi igaragara mugitondo cya kare cyigihe kitari gito.Irashobora gukura nk'imikara-yijimye yijimye ikura hamwe nuduce duto duto.Amababi yanduye ahinduka icyatsi kibisi hanyuma agahinduka umuhondo, kandi arashobora kuzinga no kuzinga.Igisebe gishobora kuba ibara ry'umuyugubwe.Amababi yibasiwe ahinduka icyatsi kibisi mbere, hanyuma umuhondo, kandi irashobora gukuba no gusenyuka.Ibimenyetso byindwara bizwi neza iyo ikime kigaragaye mugitondo.
Gupfa imburagihe yamababi yigitunguru bizagabanya ubunini bwamatara.Indwara irashobora kugaragara kuri sisitemu, kandi amatara yabitswe ahinduka yoroshye, akanyeganyega, amazi na amber.Amatara adafite ibimenyetso azamera igihe kitaragera kandi agire amababi yicyatsi kibisi.Itara rishobora kwandura virusi ya kabiri ya bagiteri, igatera kubora.
Indwara ya virusi yoroheje itangira kwandura mubushyuhe bukonje, munsi ya dogere 72 Fahrenheit, no mubidukikije.Hashobora kubaho inshuro nyinshi zandura mugihe runaka.Spore ikorwa nijoro kandi irashobora guhita byoroshye intera ndende mumuyaga mwinshi.Iyo ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 50 na 54 F, burashobora kumera kumubiri wigitunguru mumasaha imwe nigice kugeza kumasaha arindwi.Ubushyuhe bwinshi kumanywa nubushyuhe buke cyangwa burigihe nijoro bizarinda spore.
Intanga zimara igihe kinini, zitwa oospores, zirashobora gukora mubice bipfa gupfa kandi ushobora kuboneka mubitunguru byubwitange, ibitunguru byica ibitunguru, hamwe nububiko bwanduye.Spore ifite urukuta runini kandi rwuzuyemo ibiryo, bityo birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe butameze neza kandi bikabaho mu butaka imyaka igera kuri itanu.
Purpura iterwa na fungus Alternaria alternata, indwara yibitunguru byibitunguru muri Michigan.Irabanza kwigaragaza nk'akabuto gato kanyunyujwe n'amazi kandi gakura vuba muri centre yera.Mugihe tugenda dusaza, ibisebe bizahinduka ibara ry'umuyugubwe, bikikijwe n'umuhondo.Ibikomere bizahuriza hamwe, bikomere amababi, kandi bitume inama igabanuka.Rimwe na rimwe, itara ryanduye ryanduye mu ijosi cyangwa igikomere.
Munsi yumuzenguruko muto kandi mwinshi ugereranije nubushuhe, spore muri lesion irashobora gukora inshuro nyinshi.Niba hari amazi yubusa, spore irashobora kumera muminota 45-60 kuri 82-97 F. Spores irashobora gukora nyuma yamasaha 15 mugihe ubuhehere bugereranije burenze cyangwa bungana na 90%, kandi bushobora gukwirakwizwa numuyaga, imvura, na kuhira.Ubushuhe ni 43-93 F, n'ubushuhe bwiza ni 77 F, bufasha gukura kw'ibihumyo.Amababi ashaje kandi akiri mato yangijwe nigitunguru cyigitunguru arashobora kwandura cyane.
Ibimenyetso bizagaragara nyuma yumunsi umwe cyangwa ine nyuma yo kwandura, kandi spore nshya izagaragara kumunsi wa gatanu.Ibibara byijimye birashobora kwangiza ibihingwa byigitunguru imburagihe, bikangiza ubwiza bwamatara, kandi bishobora gutera kubora biterwa na bagiteri ziterwa na bagiteri.Indwara yumutuku irashobora kurokoka imbeho hejuru yumutwe wa fungal (mycelium) mubice byibitunguru.
Mugihe uhisemo biocide, nyamuneka usimbuze ibicuruzwa bifite uburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa (code ya FRAC).Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibicuruzwa byanditseho ibara ryoroshye kandi ryijimye ku gitunguru muri Michigan.Kwagura kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan ivuga ko kwibuka ko ibirango byica udukoko ari ibyangombwa byemewe n'amategeko bijyanye no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko.Soma ibirango, nkuko bihinduka kenshi, kandi ukurikize amabwiriza yose neza.
* Umuringa: badge SC, ibicuruzwa bya nyampinga, N kubara umuringa, ibicuruzwa bya Kocide, Nu-Cop 3L, Cuprofix hyperdispersant
* Ntabwo ibyo bicuruzwa byose byaranzwe na mildew yamanutse kandi yijimye;DM irasabwa cyane cyane kugenzura indwara yoroheje, PB irasabwa cyane cyane kugenzura ibibara byijimye