Zonse zili ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa pyrethrins omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Perisiya wakale.Masiku ano, timagwiritsa ntchito ma shampoos a nsabwe.
Takulandilani ku mndandanda wa detox wa JSTOR Daily, pomwe timaganizira za momwe mungachepetsere kukhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe asayansi amaziwona kuti ndizosayenera.Pakalipano, taphimba zoletsa moto mu mkaka, mapulasitiki m'madzi, mapulasitiki ndi mankhwala mu digito detoxification.Masiku ano, tikuwona komwe shampu ya nsabwe idachokera ku Perisiya wakale.
M’zaka zingapo zapitazi, masukulu m’dziko lonselo akhala akumenyana ndi nsabwe za m’mutu.Mu 2017, ku Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, ana oposa 100 anapezeka ndi nsabwe, zomwe chigawo cha sukuluchi chinachitcha kuti "sanakhalepo."Ndipo mu 2019, sukulu ya Sheepshead Bay ku Brooklyn School idanenanso za mliri.Ngakhale kuti Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nsabwe sizowononga thanzi, zikhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu.Kuti muchotse nsabwe ndi mphutsi (mazira awo ang'onoang'ono), muyenera kutsuka tsitsi lanu ndi shampoo yokhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zosakaniza zopha tizirombo mu shamposi zambiri zogulitsika zimakhala ndi mankhwala otchedwa pyrethrum kapena pyrethrin.Pawiriyi imapezeka mumaluwa monga tansy, pyrethrum ndi chrysanthemum (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chrysanthemum kapena chrysanthemum).Zomera izi mwachilengedwe zimakhala ndi ma esters asanu ndi limodzi kapena ma pyrethrins-organic mankhwala omwe ali poizoni kwa tizilombo.
Zinadziwika kuti maluwawa anali ndi zotsatira zowononga tizilombo zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, Persian pyrethrum chrysanthemum idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa nsabwe.Maluwa amenewa anayamba kulimidwa ku Armenia m’chaka cha 1828, ndipo analimidwa ku Dalmatia (kumeneko masiku ano ku Croatia) patapita zaka pafupifupi 10.Maluwa adapangidwa mpaka Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse.Chomerachi chimachita bwino kumadera otentha.M’zaka za m’ma 1980, kupangidwa kwa pyrethrum kunayerekezeredwa kukhala pafupifupi matani 15,000 a maluŵa ouma pachaka, amene oposa theka anachokera ku Kenya, ndipo ena onse anachokera ku Tanzania, Rwanda ndi Ecuador.Pafupifupi anthu 200,000 padziko lonse lapansi amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga kwake.Maluwawo amathyoledwa ndi manja, n’kuwaumitsa padzuwa kapena mwa makina, kenako n’kuwapera kukhala ufa.Duwa lililonse lili ndi 3 mpaka 4 mg wa pyrethrin - 1 mpaka 2% polemera, ndipo limapanga matani 150 mpaka 200 a mankhwala ophera tizilombo pachaka.United States inayamba kuitanitsa ufa mu 1860, koma ntchito zopanga malonda apanyumba sizinaphule kanthu.
M'masiku oyambirira, pyrethrum inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa.Komabe, kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19, kusakaniza ndi palafini, hexane kapena zosungunulira zofananira kuti mupange kutsitsi kwamadzi kumakhala kothandiza kuposa ufa.Pambuyo pake, ma analogi osiyanasiyana opangidwa adapangidwa.Izi zimatchedwa pyrethroids (pyrethroids), zomwe ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi pyrethroids koma amakhala oopsa kwambiri kwa tizilombo.M'zaka za m'ma 1980, ma pyrethroids anayi adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mbewu-permethrin, cypermethrin, decamethrin ndi fenvalerate.Mankhwala atsopanowa ndi amphamvu ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali, kotero amatha kupitilirabe ku chilengedwe, mbewu, ngakhale mazira kapena mkaka.Ma pyrethroids opitilira 1,000 apangidwa, koma pakadali pano pali ma pyrethroids osakwana khumi ndi awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States.Pyrethroids ndi pyrethroids nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena kuti ateteze kuwonongeka kwawo ndikuwonjezera kupha.
Mpaka posachedwa, ma pyrethroids amawonedwa ngati otetezeka kwa anthu.Makamaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atatu a pyrethroid deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin ndi permetrin kuti athetse tizilombo kunyumba.
Koma kafukufuku waposachedwapa wapeza kuti pyrethroids alibe ngozi.Ngakhale zili zoopsa kwambiri ku tizilombo nthawi 2250 kuposa zokhala ndi vertebrates, zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwa anthu.Asayansi a ku yunivesite ya Iowa atafufuza za thanzi la akuluakulu a 2,000 kuti amvetse momwe thupi limawonongera pyrethroids, adapeza kuti mankhwalawa amachulukitsa katatu chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomo adapezanso kuti kuwonetsa nthawi yayitali kwa pyrethroids (mwachitsanzo mwa anthu omwe amawapaka) kungayambitse matenda monga chizungulire ndi kutopa.
Kuphatikiza pa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi pyrethroids, anthu amakumananso nawo makamaka kudzera m'zakudya, kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zapopedwa, kapena ngati nyumba zawo, kapinga ndi minda zidapopera.Komabe, mankhwala amakono a pyrethroid ndi mankhwala achiwiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ayenera kuda nkhawa kutsuka tsitsi lawo ndi shampu yokhala ndi pyrethrum?Kuchapa pang'ono sikungathe kuvulaza anthu, koma ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zomwe zili m'mabotolo ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera nyumba, minda ndi malo omwe amakhala ndi udzudzu.
JSTOR ndi laibulale ya digito ya akatswiri, ofufuza ndi ophunzira.Owerenga a JSTOR Daily atha kupeza kafukufuku woyambirira kumbuyo kwa zolemba zathu kwaulere pa JSTOR.
JSTOR Daily imagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro a JSTOR (laibulale ya digito ya magazini ophunzirira, mabuku ndi zida zina) kuti ipereke chidziwitso chambiri pazomwe zikuchitika.Timasindikiza zolemba potengera kafukufuku wowunikiridwa ndi anzathu ndipo timapereka kafukufukuyu kwaulere kwa owerenga onse.
JSTOR ndi gawo la ITHAKA (bungwe lopanda phindu), lomwe limathandiza ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa digito kuti asunge magwiridwe antchito amaphunziro ndi kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku ndi kuphunzitsa m'njira yokhazikika.
©Ithaca.maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa.JSTOR®, logo ya JSTOR ndi ITHAKA® ndi zilembo zolembetsedwa za ITHAKA.