Kodi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi chiyani?
Mankhwala ophera tizilombondi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kapena kuwononga tizirombo ndikuteteza mbewu, thanzi la anthu ndi zinthu zosungidwa.Kutengera momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe tikulimbana nazo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mankhwala ophera tizirombo, m'mimba, opha tizirombo, ndi zina zotero.
Mitundu yayikulu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Organophosphorus tizilombo
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Organophosphorus ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi, zaumoyo wa anthu komanso kuwongolera tizirombo m'nyumba.Amagwira ntchito makamaka poletsa ntchito ya enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), yomwe imatsekereza kayendedwe ka mitsempha mu tizirombo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa yawo.
Ubwino:
Kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso sipekitiramu yotakata: imakhudza kwambiri tizirombo tambirimbiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Kuchita mwachangu: kumatha kupha tizirombo mwachangu, mwachangu.
Zotsika mtengo: zotsika mtengo zopangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zazikulu.
Zogulitsa Zotentha
Trichlorfon: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta organophosphate timene timagwiritsa ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo taulimi.
Malathion: ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophera tizirombo tapakhomo ndi anthu onse, komanso kuwongolera tizirombo taulimi.
Parathion: Poizoni wochuluka, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo taulimi, koma waletsedwa kapena kuletsedwa m'maiko ndi zigawo zina.
Malathion 45%EC, 57%EC, 65%EC, 50%WP, 90%TC, 95%TC
Carbamate tizilombo
Carbamate insecticides ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana m'malo aulimi ndi m'nyumba.Amagwira ntchito poletsa enzyme acetylcholinesterase, yomwe imatsogolera ku kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine pamitsempha ya mitsempha ndi ma neuromuscular junctions.Izi zimabweretsa kukwiya kwa minofu nthawi zonse ndipo pamapeto pake kufa ziwalo ndi kufa kwa tizilombo.
Ubwino:
Kuchita bwino kwambiri: kumapha mphamvu zowononga tizirombo totafuna pakamwa.
Kuchita mwachangu: kuchita mwachangu komanso kothandiza pakanthawi kochepa.
Zotsalira zapansi: kuwonongeka kwachangu m'chilengedwe, nthawi yochepa yotsalira.
Zogulitsa Zotentha
Carbaryl (Sevin): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi, minda yakunyumba, komanso kuwongolera tizirombo pa ziweto.
Carbaryl 50% WP, 85% WP, 5% GR, 95% TC
Aldicarb: Yamphamvu kwambiri, yogwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku tizirombo tanthaka.
Propoxur: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo taulimi ndi tauni, kuphatikiza mu makolala a utitiri ndi nyambo za nyerere.
Methomyl: Olembedwa ntchito zaulimi poyang’anira tizilombo pa mbewu.
Methomyl 20% SL, 24% SL, 20% EC, 40% EC, 90% SP, 90% EP, 98% TC
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Pyrethroid
Mankhwala ophera tizirombo a pyrethroid ndi gulu la mankhwala opangidwa motengera chilengedwe chopha tizilombo pyrethroid (chochokera ku chrysanthemum).Pyrethroids amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kawopsedwe wochepa kwa nyama zoyamwitsa, komanso kukhazikika kwachilengedwe.Pyrethroids imalimbana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje la tizilombo pomanga njira za sodium.Kumanga kumeneku kumatalikitsa kutseguka kwa mayendedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa ituluke mobwerezabwereza, kufa ziwalo, ndipo pamapeto pake kufa kwa tizilombo.
Ubwino:
Kawopsedwe kakang'ono: kotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama, koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi pagulu.
Kuchita mwachangu: kumawononga mwachangu tizirombo tambirimbiri.
Chokhazikika: chokhazikika m'malo okhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito.
Zogulitsa Zotentha
Permethrin: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, thanzi la anthu, ndi mankhwala a Chowona Zanyama. Amapezekanso m'zinthu zapakhomo monga mankhwala opopera tizilombo ndi zovala zowonongeka.
Cypermethrin: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazaulimi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nyumba.
Deltamethrin: Imadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri taulimi ndi malo okhala.
Lambda-cyhalothrin: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi ndi mapologalamu azaumoyo wa anthu poletsa udzudzu.
Fenvalerate: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo taulimi.
Neonicotinoid mankhwala
Neonicotinoid mankhwala, omwe amadziwika kuti "neonics," ndi gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ofanana ndi chikonga.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo pothana ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timawononga tizilombo komanso zinthu zawo zadongosolo, zomwe zimawalola kuteteza zomera zonse.Neonicotinoids amamanga nicotinic acetylcholine zolandilira mu chapakati mantha dongosolo tizilombo, kuchititsa overstimulation wa mantha dongosolo.Izi zimabweretsa kufa ziwalo ndi kufa.
Ubwino:
Yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yotakata: yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri, makamaka zoboola mkamwa.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali: Kuchita bwino kwanthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Kawopsedwe kakang'ono: kotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama, ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Zogulitsa Zotentha
Imidacloprid: Mmodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, ulimi wamaluwa, komanso kuwongolera utitiri pa ziweto.
Clothianidin: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, makamaka ngati mankhwala ambewu kuteteza mbewu monga chimanga ndi soya.
Thiamethoxam: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo aulimi pazomera zosiyanasiyana.
Acetamiprid: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaulimi komanso m'nyumba zogona.
Dinotefuran: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaulimi ndi zinthu zowononga tizilombo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba.
Dinotefuran 50% WP, 25% WP, 70% WDG, 20% SG, 98% TC
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amawononga tizirombo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka:
Neurotoxicity:kusokoneza dongosolo lamanjenje kayendesedwe ka tizirombo, kuchititsa ziwalo kapena imfa.
Ubwino:
Kuchita bwino komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu: kumatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pamanjenje a tizirombo ndikuwapha mwachangu.
Broad-spectrum: yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: mankhwala ambiri ophera tizirombowa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kufukiza ndi njira zina.
Kuletsa kupuma:imawononga dongosolo la kupuma la enzyme ya tizirombo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kupuma komanso kufa.
Ubwino:
Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ophera tizilombo: polepheretsa kupuma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ndi kupuma.
Kukaniza pang'ono: tizilombo sitingathe kukana njira iyi.
Zosiyanasiyana: zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo ndi magawo awo akukula.
Kuletsa kudya:zimakhudza m'mimba dongosolo la tizirombo, kuwalepheretsa kupeza zakudya.
Ubwino:
Good selectivity: makamaka amachita kutafuna mouthparts tizirombo, zochepa kwambiri zamoyo zina.
Kukaniza pang'ono: tizirombo sitingathe kukana njira iyi yochitira.
Osamawononga chilengedwe: nthawi zambiri amawononga chilengedwe.
Kuwonongeka kwa epidermis:imawononga dongosolo la epidermal la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa kutaya madzi a m'thupi ndi imfa chifukwa cha kutaya madzi m'thupi.
Ubwino:
Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ophera tizilombo: powononga epidermis ya tizirombo, zomwe zimatsogolera kutayika kwamadzi am'thupi ndi kufa chifukwa cha kuchepa madzi m'thupi.
Kukana kutsika: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kukana kuwonongeka kwa thupi.
Kutetezedwa kwachilengedwe: Kuchepa kwa chilengedwe ndi zamoyo zomwe sizili zolinga, zotetezedwa ku chilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Insecticides
Kugwiritsa ntchito mu Agriculture
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yothanirana ndi tizirombo pakupanga ulimi.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, mankhwala ophera tizilombo oyenerera ayenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mitundu ya tizilombo tomwe timakonda, momwe zimachitikira komanso chilengedwe, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi mlingo wovomerezeka ndi njira kuti akwaniritse bwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mu Family and Public Health
Pankhani ya thanzi la mabanja ndi anthu, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha udzudzu, mphemvu ndi zina zotero.Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutsatiridwa mukazigwiritsa ntchito popewa ngozi zosafunikira kwa anthu, nyama ndi chilengedwe.Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito otsika kawopsedwe, mwamsanga kuchitapo kanthu mankhwala, ndi kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo ntchito.
FAQ
1. Kodi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi yotani?
Yankho: Limagwirira ntchito mankhwala ophera amatanthauza mmene tizilombo kukhudza zokhudza thupi ndi biochemical njira za tizilombo, kutsogolera ku imfa yawo.Njira zodziwika bwino zogwirira ntchito zimaphatikizapo neurotoxicity, kawopsedwe ka minofu, kuletsa kupuma komanso kuwongolera kukula.
2.Kodi mamolekyulu amachitidwe opha tizilombo ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kachitidwe ka molekyulu ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumakhudza kuyanjana kwa mamolekyu ophera tizilombo ndi mapuloteni omwe timakonda kapena ma enzymes m'thupi la tizilombo, motero amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe a tizilombo ndikupangitsa kuti tizilombo tife.Njira zinazake zimaphatikizapo kutsekereza kayendedwe ka minyewa, kuletsa ntchito ya ma enzyme komanso kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.
3. Kodi kufunikira kosankha mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi kotani?
Yankho: Kugawikana potengera njira yochitirapo kanthu kumathandiza kusankha mankhwala ophera tizilombo oyenerera opha tizilombo tophatikizika komanso kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza gulu limodzi la mankhwala ophera tizilombo, motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha kukana.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-31-2024
