Allium Leaf Miner imachokera ku Ulaya, koma inapezeka ku Pennsylvania mu 2015. Ndi ntchentche yomwe mphutsi zake zimadya mbewu zamtundu wa Allium, kuphatikizapo anyezi, adyo, ndi leeks.
Chiyambireni ku United States, yafalikira ku New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, ndi New Jersey ndipo imawonedwa ngati chiwopsezo chachikulu chaulimi.Gulu la ofufuza motsogozedwa ndi Cornell lidayesa magawo 14 omwe amagwira ntchito mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti amvetsetse njira zabwino zochizira.
Zomwe ofufuzawa anapeza zinafotokozedwa mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa June 13 mu "Journal of Economic Entomology" yotchedwa "The Digger for Management of Alliums: Emerging Diseases and Pests of Allium Crops in North America."
Gulu lofufuza motsogozedwa ndi wolemba wamkulu Brian Nault, pulofesa wa entomology ku Cornell Agricultural Technology, komanso m'modzi mwa akatswiri owongolera tizilombo a masamba a Allium ku United States, adapeza mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo azikhalidwe.
Nault anati: “M’mafamu achilengedwe amene sagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyendetsera bwino—mankhwala ophera tizilombo—vuto la allium foliaricides nthawi zambiri limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.”
Phytomyza Gymnostoma (Phytomyza Gymnostoma) ili ndi mibadwo iwiri pachaka, ndipo akuluakulu amawonekera mu April ndi pakati pa September.M’nyengo yotentha, anyezi ambiri amakula, ndipo pamakhala kaye kaye pakati pa mizere iwiriyi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewuyo ithawe tizilombo.Mofananamo, mababu a anyezi amatupa mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya leafer isathe kudya bwino.
Pakati pa anthu akuluakulu, mbewu zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira ndizowopsa.Kumpoto chakum’maŵa kwa United States, masika amaphatikizapo leeks, scallions ndi adyo, ndipo m’dzinja mumaphatikizapo scallions ndi leeks.Ma allium zakutchire omwe amatha mibadwo iwiri amatha kukhala malo osungiramo tizilombo.
Mphutsizi zimayamba kudya pamwamba pa mmerawo n’kupita kumunsi kuti ziwonekere.Mphutsi zimatha kuwononga mitsempha yamagazi, kupangitsa matenda a bakiteriya kapena mafangasi ndikuwola.
Gulu lofufuza linayesa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera ndi anyezi, leeks ndi anyezi wobiriwira ku Pennsylvania ndi New York mu 2018 ndi 2019. Kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo (dimethylfuran, cyanocyanoacrylonitrile ndi spinosyn) ndiyo njira yokhazikika komanso yothandiza kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa 89% ndi kuthetsa tizilombo mpaka 95%.Dichlorofuran ndi cyanocyanoacrylonitrile zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira yothirira kudontha ndizosathandiza.
Mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo (abamectin, paracetamol, cypromazine, imidacloprid, lambda cyhalothrin, methomyl ndi spinosyn) adachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa allium foliaricides.Spinosyn imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamizu yopanda kanthu kapena mapulagi kuti ayambitse mbewu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo titabzala ndi 90%.
Ngakhale omba anyezi sanakhalebe vuto ndi anyezi mpaka pano, ofufuza ndi alimi akuda nkhawa kuti akhoza kukhala vuto ngati atakoka ndikusamukira kumadzulo (komwe ndi mbewu yaikulu ya anyezi).Nat adati: "Izi zakhala vuto lalikulu kumakampani aku America a anyezi."