Mapulani a kasinthasintha angathandize alimi kupewa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides kuti asatayike.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kuthetsa vuto la tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'machitidwe opangira greenhouses.Komabe, kupitiriza kudalira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi/kapena ma acaricides kungayambitse kukana kwa tizilombo ndi/kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Chifukwa chake, opanga ma greenhouses ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe amachitira mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi ma acaricides kuti apange dongosolo lozungulira lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa/kuchedwetsa kukana kwa mankhwala.Njira yochitira ndi momwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena ma acaricides amakhudzira kagayidwe kachakudya ndi/kapena kachitidwe ka thupi la tizilombo kapena nthata.Kachitidwe ka mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides atha kupezeka mu chikalata cha Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) chotchedwa "IRAC Action Mode Classification Scheme" pa irac-online.org.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mtundu wa IRAC wa Magulu Ochita 9 ndi 29, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zoletsa zopatsa thanzi."Mankhwala atatu osankha oletsa kudyetsa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga wowonjezera kutentha ndi: pymetrozine (khama: Syngenta Crop Protection; Greensboro, NC), flunipropamide (aria: FMC Corp.) , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), ndi pyrifluquinazon (Rycar: SePRO Corp. .; Karmel, Indiana).Ngakhale kuti mankhwala onse atatu ophera tizilombo adayikidwa mu gulu la 9th (9A-pymetrozine ndi pyrifluquinazon; ndi 9C-flonicamid), flunipropamide yasunthidwa ku 29th chifukwa chomangirira mosiyana ku malo enieni olandirira.gulu.Kawirikawiri, magulu onsewa amagwira ntchito pa chondroitin (kutambasula zolandilira) ndi ziwalo zomverera mu tizilombo, zomwe zimakhala ndi udindo womvera, kuyendetsa galimoto, ndi kuzindikira mphamvu yokoka.
Pyrmeazine ndi pyrflurazine (IRAC gulu 9) amaonedwa kuti ndi TRPV njira modulators mu chichereŵechereŵe ziwalo.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchitozi zimasokoneza chiwongoladzanja cha Nan-lav TRPV (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilla) pomangirira kuzitsulo zamakina mu ziwalo zolandirira zomwe zimatambasula ma tendon, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti azimva ndi kuyenda.Kuonjezera apo, kudya ndi makhalidwe ena a tizilombo tomwe tikulimbana nawo akhoza kusokonezedwa.Flunicarmide (IRAC gulu 29) amaonedwa kuti ndi organ regulator chondroitin ndi malo osadziwika chandamale.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa perichondrium relaxation receptor organ yomwe imasunga kumverera (mwachitsanzo, moyenera).Flonicamid (gulu 29) imasiyana ndi pymetrozine ndi pyrifluquinazon (gulu 9) kuti fluonicamid sichimangirira ku Nan-lav TRPV channel complex.
Nthawi zambiri, oletsa kudyetsa osankhidwa (kapena zoletsa) ndi gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana kapena machitidwe akuthupi, omwe amatha kuletsa tizilombo kudyetsa posokoneza neuromodulation yakumwa kwamadzi am'kamwa.Mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amatha kusintha khalidwe mwa kulepheretsa kapena kusokoneza njira yodutsa m'mitsempha yamadzimadzi ( phloem sieve ) ya zomera, zomwe zimalepheretsa tizilombo kuti tipeze chakudya.Izi zimabweretsa njala.
Oletsa kudyetsa osankhidwa akugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi nyama zina za phloem zomwe zimakhala zovuta m'machitidwe opangira greenhouse.Izi zikuphatikizapo nsabwe za m'masamba ndi whiteflies.Osasankha kudyetsa blockers akugwira ntchito mu ubwana ndi akuluakulu magawo, ndipo mwamsanga ziletsa kudya.Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti nsabwe za m’masamba zimatha masiku aŵiri kapena anayi, zimasiya kudya m’maola ochepa chabe.Komanso, kusankha kudyetsa blockers mwina ziletsa kufalikira kwa mavairasi otengedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.Mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi ntchentche (Diptera), kafadala (Coleoptera) kapena mbozi (Lepidoptera).Oletsa kudyetsa osankhidwa amakhala ndi zochitika zam'dongosolo komanso zophatikizika (zolowera m'masamba ndikupanga mosungiramo zinthu zomwe zimagwira patsamba), ndipo zimatha kupereka ntchito yotsalira mpaka milungu itatu.Tizilombo tomwe timasankhira tizilombo timakhala ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono komanso kosalunjika kwa njuchi ndi adani achilengedwe.
Kachitidwe kosankha zoletsa kudyetsa sikophweka kuyambitsa kukana kwa tizilombo kwakanthawi kochepa.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamankhwala osankha oletsa tizilombo.Mwachitsanzo, pakhoza kukhala nkhani zokhudzana ndi kukana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a gulu 9 ndi neonicotinoid (IRAC 4A gulu) tizilombo tosamva (kutengera kukana kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amapereka gulu lamankhwala lomwelo ndi / kapena machitidwe ofanana).The single drug resistance mechanism of drug resistance) chifukwa michere monga cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase imatha kusokoneza mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Chifukwa chake, opanga ma greenhouses ayenera kuyang'anira bwino ndikuyika mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana pakati pa oletsa kudyetsa osankhidwa mu pulogalamu yozungulira kuti apewe zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kukana mankhwala.
Raymond is a professor and extension expert in Horticultural Entomology/Plant Protection in the Entomology Department of Kansas State University. His research and promotion plans involve plant protection in greenhouses, nurseries, landscapes, greenhouses, vegetables and fruits. rcloyd@ksu.edu or 785-532-4750
Pamene alimi akukhala otanganidwa kwambiri m’nyengo ya masika, ndipo malire a zolakwa amacheperachepera, m’pofunika kwambiri kuti alimi azionetsetsa kuti mbali iliyonse ya ntchito yawo yaulimi ndi yolondola.Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa obereketsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kudula kopanda mizu kuti abereke.
Malinga ndi Dr. Ryan Dickson, katswiri wopititsa patsogolo ntchito pa yunivesite ya New Hampshire, vuto lomwe limakhalapo pa ntchito ya masika ndi kudula mopitirira muyeso.Iye ananena kuti zimenezi zikutanthauza kupatsa mbewuzo mochulukira n’kuzizika mizu isanakwane.
"Mukawonjezera atomize kumayambiriro kwa kupanga, ndizotheka kutulutsa michere ya feteleza kuchokera pamzere," adatero Dickson."Palinso chiwopsezo cha kudziunjikira kwamadzi mugawo laling'ono, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'munsi ndikuchedwetsa mizu."
Iye anati: “Mukalandira mitengo yodulidwa yopanda mizu, mbewuyo imatsala pang’ono kufa.Iyi ndi ntchito yanu.Muyenera kubwezeretsanso ku thanzi ndikupanga chinsalu chapamwamba chomwe chili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa wolima wotsatira.Mat.”"Kumayambiriro kwa kufalikira, kumakhala bwino pakati pa chifunga chochuluka kapena chochepa kwambiri.Zomera zikamakula, mudzapitilizabe kusintha, motero pamafunika mlimi wokhwima komanso wosamala. ”
Dixon adati choyipa chogwiritsa ntchito chifunga chaching'ono ndichakuti chiopsezo chotchetcha ndikuwumitsa ndi chokulirapo, chifukwa ngakhale kufota pang'ono kumatha kuchedwetsa mizu.Vuto la zosiyidwa ndi zofooka sizingakhale zokhululuka.Nthawi zambiri alimi amagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu mopambanitsa ngati inshuwaransi.
Malinga ndi Dixon, ngati mbewuyo imatuluka mochulukira komanso kuthirira kwambiri kumachitika, pH mu sing'anga yakukulira imachulukiranso pakubereka.
Zakudya zapakatikati zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa pH.Ngati zakudya izi zisefedwa chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira kapena kuthirira kwambiri, pH ikhoza kukwera pamwamba pa mlingo woyenera.“Iye anatero."Izi zimabweretsa mavuto awiri.Choyamba ndi chakuti zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa ndi zomera panthawi ya mizu zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi chakuti pamene pH ikukwera, kusungunuka kwa ma micronutrients ena (monga chitsulo ndi manganese) kudzachepa ndipo sikungatheke.Ngati mupeza kuti zakudya zanu sizikukwanira ndipo zomera zimakhala zachikasu, pH m'kati mwake ndi yapamwamba ndipo zakudya zimakhala zochepa, ndiye chinthu choyamba chosavuta ndicho kuwonjezera feteleza ndikuwonjezera zakudya zomwe zili mkati.Izi zidzapereka zakudya zobiriwira masamba, komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa pH ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo ndi manganese.”
Pofuna kukonza bwino njira ya atomization, Dickson amalimbikitsa kuthera nthawi mu wowonjezera kutentha kuti muwone zomera ndi atomization.Iye adati moyenerera, alimi akuyenera kuthira atomize mbewu zikauma koma zisanafote.Ngati mlimi akupanga chifunga masamba akadali onyowa, kapena chomera chikufota, pali vuto.
Iye anati: “Ukhoza kuyamwa mbewuyo.”Ndipo chomeracho chikakhala ndi mizu, sichiyenera kuchita chifunga.
Dickson amalimbikitsa kuyang'anira pH ndi michere yomwe ili mkati mwa kubzala kuti muwone ngati zakudya zasefedwa ndikuwona ngati feteleza ikufunika.Dickson amalimbikitsanso kuyang'ana pafupipafupi pH ndi EC zili.Ananenanso kuti mbewu iliyonse yatsopano kapena mbewu zomwe zitha kudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha thanzi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.Dixon adanena kuti zomera ziwiri zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri ndi petunia ndi maluwa akuluakulu a cho.
Anati: "Izi ndi mbewu zolimba zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zakudya zochepa komanso pH yayikulu."Mbewu zokhala ndi nthawi yotalikirapo mizu, monga mafupa ndi mitengo ya m’nthaka, zimafufuzidwanso.Nthawi zambiri amafunikira nthawi yambiri pansi pa chifunga.Chifukwa chake, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kochotsa zakudya kuchokera ku sing'anga musanazule.
Ndinaphunzitsa imodzi mwa maphunziro anga a ulimi wothirira mbewu m'nyengo yophukira.M’maphunzirowa, tinkangoganizira za zomera zokhala m’miphika, zodula maluwa komanso masamba.Monga mbali ya labotale, tinabzala zomera zambiri za miphika, kuphatikizapo poinsettia.Mu labotale, tidagwiritsa ntchito "kasamalidwe ka mbewu zonse" -njira yokhazikika yotengera kuphatikizira deta ndi kusonkhanitsa deta ndikuwunika kofunikira pakupanga mbewu zotengera (Chithunzi 1).Choyamba, tiyenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse zinthu zachilengedwe za greenhouses, monga masana, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku.Chomeracho chikamakula kapena pali mayendedwe owonera, kutalika kwa mbewuyo;makhalidwe a gawo lapansi ndi madzi ulimi wothirira, monga pH ndi madutsidwe magetsi (EC);ndi chiwerengero cha tizilombo.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito deta yokhudzana ndi chilengedwe cha wowonjezera kutentha, kukula kwa zomera, gawo lapansi, madzi, ndi tizilombo towononga, kupanga zisankho kumakhala kosavuta.Simuyenera kuganiza zomwe zikuchitika mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena chidebe;m'malo mwake, mumadziwa ndikupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino.
Kumayambiriro kwa semesita, ophunzira adapatsidwa zolinga za kutalika kwawo komaliza, mikhalidwe ya greenhouse, mtundu wamadzi, komanso kuchuluka kwa mayeso otsanuliridwa.Kwa poinsettia, pH yoyenera ndi 5.8 mpaka 6.2, ndipo EC ndi 2.5 mpaka 4.5 mS/cm.Poinsettia amaonedwa kuti ndi mbewu "yachibadwa" (osati yotsika kwambiri, osati yokwera kwambiri) mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za pH, koma kuchokera ku mtengo wapamwamba wa EC, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti zimatengedwa ngati "wodyetsa kwambiri".
Patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala poinsettia, tidayesa gawo loyamba lothira.Ichi ndi chinsinsi.Wophunzira anabwerera kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha ndipo ankawoneka wosokonezeka pang'ono.Poinsettia ili ndi pH pakati pa 4.8 ndi 4.9.Poyambirira, ndidanena kuti pH ndi mita ya EC yogwirizira m'manja mwina isawerengedwe moyenera.Chifukwa chake adatuluka, ndikuwongoleranso mita, ndikupeza zotsatira zofananira.Ophunzira ena akusefera kubwerera ku labotale, ndipo pH yawo ilinso yotsika kwambiri.Ndidaganiza kuti yankho la calibration silingakhale labwino, ndiye tidatsegula botolo latsopano la yankho ndikukonzanso.Apanso, tapeza zotsatira zofanana.Zotsatira zake, tinayesa mamita osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito pamanja, kenako tinayesa njira zothetsera mitundu yosiyanasiyana.PH ya gawo lapansi ndi yotsika kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani pH yotsika?Kenako, tidaphunzira feteleza wochepetsedwa, madzi oyera, feteleza wamadzimadzi ndi ma syringe.PH ndi EC ya fetereza yosungunuka yomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito idawoneka ngati yabwinobwino, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti panalibe vuto.Kugwira ntchito chammbuyo kuchokera kumapeto kwa payipi, tinayesa madzi oyera amtawuni.Apanso, zikhalidwe izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuchuluka.Sitimapangitsa kuti madzi athu akhale acidic chifukwa madzi amtawuni omwe timagwiritsa ntchito amakhala ndi alkalinity pafupifupi 60 ppm- "plug and play" madzi.Kenako, tiyeni tione njira yathu ya fetereza ndi jekeseni wa feteleza.Timagwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha 21-5-20 kutsitsa pH ndi 15-5-15 kukweza pH kupanga njira ya feteleza yomwe imatha kudzaza madzi kuti isamalire pH ya gawo lapansi.Tidasakaniza njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu, ndipo ndizotsimikizika kuti majekeseniwo amayesedwa bwino komanso kubayidwa moyenera.
Ndiye, ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa pH kutsika?Sindingaganize chilichonse m'nyumba yathu chomwe chingabweretse mavuto.Vuto lathu liyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zina!Ndinaganiza pa chinthu chimodzi chomwe sitinayesepo: alkalinity.Chifukwa chake, ndidatulutsa zida zoyeserera za alkalinity ndikuyesa madzi oyera amtawuni.Onani, alkalinity si 60s wamba.M'malo mwake, ndi pafupifupi 75% yotsika kuposa nthawi zonse pakati pa achinyamata.Woyang'anira nyumba yathu yotenthetsera dziko anaimbira foni mumzindawo kutifunsa za kuchepa kwa mchere.Mzindawu wasintha posachedwa njira yake, ndipo ndizotsimikizika kuti achepetsa ndende ya alkalinity pansi pa muyezo wakale.
Pomaliza tikudziwa kuti wolakwa ndi: kuchepa kwa alkalinity m'madzi amthirira.21-5-20 ingayambitse kuchulukira kwa asidi ndi madzi atsopano amtundu wa alkalinity.Tinachitapo kanthu kuti tisinthe pH ya gawo lapansi.Choyamba, kuti tiwonjezere pH ya gawo lapansi mwachangu, tidapanga miyala yamchere yamchere.Pakuwongolera pH kwa nthawi yayitali, tidasinthanso feteleza kukhala 100% ya 15-5-15 kuti tipeze mwayi pakuwonjezeka kwa pH, ndikusiyiratu acidic 21-5-20.
N'chifukwa chiyani mukulankhula za poinsettia pamene imalowa mu kasupe?Makhalidwe a nkhaniyi alibe chochita ndi poinsettia.M'malo mwake, ikugogomezera kufunika koyang'anira ndi kuyesa nthawi zonse.Mawu a Lord Kelvin, katswiri wa masamu ndi injiniya wa masamu, akufotokozedwa mwachidule monga chidule cha phindu pa kufufuza kwachizolowezi: "Kuyeza ndiko kudziwa."Mukabzala, popanda kuyezetsa, vutoli limakhala losazindikirika kwa nthawi yayitali.Titapeza kuti gawo lapansi la pH linali lochepa, mphukira zimawoneka bwino ndipo panalibe zizindikiro zowonekera.Komabe, ngati sitichita kuthirira kulikonse, ndiye kuti chizindikiro choyamba cha vuto chingakhale zizindikiro za poizoni wa micronutrient pamasamba.Ngati zizindikiro za vutoli zikuwoneka, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwina kwachitika.Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsanso phindu la njira zothetsera mavuto mwadongosolo (Chithunzi 2).Pamene tinathetsa vutoli koyamba, mzinda umene unasintha njira yathu yoyeretsera madzi sunali m’maganizo mwathu.Komabe, titatha kufufuza mozama zinthu zamkati zomwe tingathe kuzilamulira, timakhulupirira kuti ichi chiyenera kukhala chinthu chakunja chomwe sitingathe kuchilamulira, ndikukulitsa kukula kwa kafukufuku wathu.
Christopher is an assistant professor of horticulture in the Department of Horticulture at Iowa State University. ccurrey@iastate.edu
Maubwenzi apamtima amasokonekera, ndipo nthawi zina amatha pang'onopang'ono.Nthawi zina kupatukana kumakhala kodabwitsa, nthawi zina kumakhala kosawoneka bwino komanso kowonekera.Kawirikawiri, izi ndi zabwino kwambiri.Mosasamala kanthu za momwe kapena chifukwa chake wina anakusiyirani, kapena mwawasiya, umu ndi momwe mumachitira zinthu, zomwe zimapanga malingaliro osatha ndi kukumbukira inu ndi kampani yanu.Palibe chomwe chimapangitsa mameneja kukhala osamasuka kuposa kupempha antchito kusiya ntchito kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, mpirawo umakhala wosokoneza pakafunika kufotokozera tsatanetsatane wosiya kwa mamembala ena a timu.
Kuchoka si chinthu choipa.Nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino ngati wogwira ntchito asankha kuchoka kapena kusiyidwa ndi oyang'anira.Ogwira ntchito omwe akutuluka angakhale akuyang'ana mipata yabwino yomwe sangafikire ndi inu, kapena mukhoza kukonza malo ogwira ntchito ndi phindu pochotsa anthu omwe si oyenera kampani yanu.Komabe, kusiya ntchito kukuwoneka kuti kumapangitsa aliyense kukhala wodekha ndikuwonetsa kusatetezeka, makamaka kwa oyang'anira.
Khalidwe lodziwika bwino-makhalidwe a mamenejala athu ambiri amakhala olakwa nthawi ina pantchito yathu-yosasinthika ku ndemanga zoyipa zakusiya kapena kusiya.Mukakhala ndi mawu okhudza kuchoka kapena omwe kale anali ogwira ntchito, mungatumize chidziwitso chanji kwa antchito anu omwe alipo ponena za inu ndi kampani?Munthu wina akakusiyani, zimakhala zosavuta kuyang'ana pa zolakwika za khalidwe lake, mosiyana.Koma m'malo ogwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti pali anthu ambiri omwe amalumikizana nanu ndipo ndikuyembekeza muwona momwe mukuchitira panthawiyo, makamaka ngati ogwira ntchito omwe akuchoka agwira ntchito molimbika kuti kampani yawo ikhale yabwino.Khalidwe lanu lidzakhala kulosera kwawo za zomwe adzachita ngati atasankha kusiya ntchito.Chofunika koposa, adziwitseni ngati mumayamikiradi zoyesayesa za ogwira ntchito panopa.
Ntchito yanu ndikulimbikitsa chidaliro mwa antchito anu panthawi izi;musati muwapange iwo amanjenje.Mutha kukhala kuti mulibe ntchito kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito nthawi ina pantchito yanu.Mutha kukhala kuti mwakhala mukudzimva kuti mukupeputsidwa ndi oyang'anira panthawi yomwe mudachoka kapena mutachoka.Pankhani yolumikizana, makampani obiriwira sakhala omasuka ngati mungafune.Kunyoza koteroko kuyenera kuperekedwanso kwa inu kapena wantchito wakufayo kudzera m'miseche yamakampani.Miseche yamtunduwu imasiya kulawa koyipa mkamwa mwa aliyense, ndipo sichinthu chabwino kwa chikhalidwe chamakampani.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani pamenepa?Choyamba, kumbukirani kuti malingaliro anu pa wakufayo samachita mbali mu njira yanu yolankhulirana.Samalirani zenizeni.Pangano lomwe mwakambirana kuti muchoke liyenera kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe munthu amachoka.Komanso, chonde chitani mwachangu.Kudikirira chilengezo cha kusiya ntchito nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa miseche kuti mumalize ntchitoyo.Yesetsani kukambirana.
Ngati ogwira ntchito asiya ntchito mwakufuna kwawo pazifukwa zawo, chonde aloleni azilengeza pamisonkhano yamagulu kapena misonkhano ya antchito.Afunseni kuti atumize maimelo kapena ma memo ndi antchito ena omwe sangathe kupezeka pamsonkhano.Ichi ndi chisankho chawo, osati chanu, ndipo ali ndi ufulu wochoka nthawi iliyonse.Kwa aliyense amene amakugwirirani ntchito, ndibwino kutanthauziranso izi mosadziwa.Kuphatikiza apo, imakakamiza ogwira ntchito kufotokoza chifukwa chake adachoka ndikuyankha mafunso kuti musamaulule zakukhosi kwawo kapena kunena zabodza pochoka.Pambuyo pa kulengeza kwawo, ntchito yanu ndikuwathokoza chifukwa cha ntchito zawo ndi zopereka zawo ku gulu ndi kampani.Ndikuwafunira zabwino zonse ndikukhala ndi malingaliro abwino ndi iwo asanapitirire.
Akalengeza, muyenera kufotokozeranso ndondomeko kwa ena onse ogwira ntchito, kufotokozera momwe mukufunira kusintha wogwira ntchitoyo kapena momwe mungagwirire ntchito zawo, mpaka mutatero.Akachoka, musasiye kusonyeza zolakwa zawo, kuchepetsa zopereka zawo za ntchito kapena kulekerera ndemanga zoipa za antchito ena pa iwo.Zidzangokupangitsani kuti muwoneke ngati wochepa, komanso zidzabzala mbewu zokayikira m'maganizo mwa antchito ena.
Ngati wina akuyenera kuchotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito kapena kuphwanya malamulo, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhala munthu amene wapereka chidziwitso kwa wogwira ntchitoyo.Pankhaniyi, chonde tumizani memo kapena imelo kwa wogwira ntchito kuti achepetse sewero.Pankhani ya nthawi, muyenera kudziwitsa antchito omwe akhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kusiya ntchito.Ogwira ntchito ena atha kudziwitsidwa tsiku lotsatira.Mukalola munthu kuti achoke, samalani ndi chinenero chimene chikalatacho chinaikidwa.Amangonena kuti antchito sakugwiranso ntchito pakampaniyo ndipo amawafunira zabwino.
Ndi bwino kuti musamafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane mukamasiya munthu wina, ngakhale kuti kuwonekera kwinakwake kungachepetse mantha.M'chilengezochi, muyenera kulimbikitsa antchito ena kuti akufunseni mwachindunji mafunso okhudza kusiya ntchito.Panthawiyi, mutha kudziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi munthuyo.Ngati wogwira ntchito akuloledwa kuphwanya ndondomeko inayake, ndi bwino kuiwonanso mwachindunji ndi mamenejala ndi oyang'anira kuti amvetse kufunikira kwa maphunziro a ndondomeko, kukhazikitsa, ndi zolemba.
Kusintha ndikovuta, komanso kwa anthu ena.Nthawi zambiri, kusintha ndikwabwino.Landirani kusintha kwa ogwira ntchito pakampaniyo ndi akatswiri komanso malingaliro abwino, ndipo mudzakhala panjira yoyenera kumanga chikhalidwe chodalirika.
Leslie (CPH) ndi mwini wa Halleck Horticultural, LLC, kudzera momwe amaperekera upangiri wamaluwa, njira zamabizinesi ndi malonda, chitukuko chazinthu ndi kuyika chizindikiro komanso kupanga zomwe zili m'makampani obiriwira.lesliehalleck.com
Regina Coronado, wolima wamkulu wa Bell Nursery, adagonjetsa zovuta ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa msika wamaluwa waku America.
Kuchokera ku khofi ndi soya kupita ku zitsamba ndi zokometsera, kuchokera ku zokongoletsera mpaka zamasamba, ku zokongoletsera, Regina Coronado wakula pafupifupi zonsezi.Anasamuka kunyumba kwawo ku Guatemala kupita ku Florida, Texas, Georgia, Washington ndipo tsopano North Carolina, ndipo adachita izi m'dziko lonselo.Kuyambira 2015, wakhala akuchita kulima Bell Nursery pano.
Pamene Coronado adalowa m'makampani owonjezera kutentha ku US, adayenera kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri ndikuyang'ana mwayi pomwe ena amangowona zopinga.
“Choyamba, ndine mlendo.Ngati ndinu wochokera kudziko lina, muyenera kutsimikizira kuti ndinu waluso.”Coronado adanena kuti adapeza chitupa cha visa chikapezeka, ndiye green card ndipo adakhala nzika ya US mu 2008. "Chachiwiri ndichakuti iyi ndi bizinesi yomwe ili ndi amuna, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhala olimba kuti mukhale ndi moyo."
Kupyolera mu kulimbikira kwake, kudzipereka ndi mzimu wosagwedezeka wa kusintha, Coronado wagonjetsa zovutazi ndipo wapanga ntchito yopambana mu makampani owonjezera kutentha.
Kuphatikiza chikondi chake chakunja ndi chikondi chake cha sayansi, Coronado adapeza digiri yaulimi ku Guatemala.Pamene anazindikira kuti anali oŵerengeka—ngakhale m’dziko lakwawo, anali kugwira ntchito monga katswiri wa labotale ya nthaka ya olima khofi.
“Bwana atachoka, ndinafunsira udindo wake, ndipo nditapita ku dipatimenti yoona za anthu, anandiuza kuti ndakwaniritsa zonse zofunika, koma [iwo] sanandilole kuti ndikhale mkulu wa laboratory ya nthaka chifukwa [ chifukwa] Ndine wamng'ono kwambiri, ndine mkazi," adatero Coronado.
Patapita miyezi ingapo, anapeza mwayi ku United States.Munthu wina ku Guatemala anagula nazale yaing’ono ku Florida, ndipo analemba ganyu katswiri wa zaulimi kuti akakhale kumeneko miyezi itatu kuti aphunzire bizinesi ya greenhouses kuti am’thandize kumanganso nyumba yotenthetsera kutentha ku Guatemala.Coronado atafika ku United States, miyezi itatu inakhala zaka 26, ndipo ikuwonjezekabe.
Pogwira ntchito ku nazale ija, nthawi zambiri amalumikiza kuchokera ku Speedling."Ndinawona wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo ndinaganiza," Wow, ndikulakalaka ndikadagwira ntchito pano!'” Coronado adati, yemwe adamaliza kugwira ntchito ku Speedling kwa zaka 7 monga wolima masamba akuluakulu ku Texas , Kenako ku Georgia. .
Kumeneko, anakumana ndi Louis Stacy, yemwe anayambitsa Stacy Greenhouse.Tsiku lina, atapita ku Speedling, adasiya khadi lake la bizinesi ku Coronado ndikumuuza ngati akufunika kumuimbira foni kuntchito.Anayamba kumugwirira ntchito ku South Carolina mu 2002, komwe adaphunzira zonse za osatha.
"Kwa ine, ndi mlangizi wabwino kwambiri," adatero Coronado za Stacey.Stacey adamwalira mu Januware, ali ndi zaka 81 masiku angapo asanachitike kuyankhulana."Ndimangophonya zonse zomwe adandiphunzitsa zaka zambiri, monga kudzipereka kwake kuchita bwino.Anandiikadi mawu oti “ubwino” m’maganizo mwanga chifukwa m’maganizo mwake, njira yokhayo imene tingapikisane nayo ndi Kupikisana ndi zomera zapamwamba.”
Stacy atapuma pantchito, Coronado adafunafuna mipata kumadzulo kwa Washington kuti azigwira ntchito yolima dimba kumpoto chakumadzulo, kenako adabwerera kum'mawa kukajowina Bell Nursery.
Monga mlimi wamkulu wa Bell Nursery, Coronado ndi amene amayang'anira kupanga mbewu zosatha.Imakhala ndi malo okwana maekala 100 ndipo imagawidwa m'malo awiri: imodzi imagwira ntchito bwino kulima maluwa okongola monga maluwa, iris, dianthus ndi phlox, ndipo ina imagwira ntchito yobzala.Phimbani chomera ndi jade host.
Iye anati: “Ndimakonda chilichonse chimene ndinakula.”"Kwa ine, kukula ndi chilakolako, ndipo ndili ndi mwayi wolipidwa chifukwa cha chilakolako changa."
Coronado amayang'anira gulu lothirira, gulu logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndi gulu losamalira mbewu pamalo aliwonse (motalikirana ndi mailosi 40).Amagwira ntchito mosinthana pafakitale iliyonse kwa masiku angapo, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakufufuza komanso kuwongolera khalidwe.
Coronado adati: "Ndimachita zinthu zambiri ndekha, ndimayang'anira bwino kuyika miphika, kudulira, kupalira komanso kusiya mizere, chifukwa cholinga cha Bell ndikutumiza mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri kusitolo."“Ndimathera nthawi yochuluka ndikuyesa madzi ndi nthaka., Ndipo yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ndi mankhwala atsopano.M’mawu ena, sindimakhala ndi nthawi yotopeka.”
"Kwa anthu ndi ine ndekha, izi sizimatha maphunziro," adatero Coronado.“Nthaŵi zonse ndimayesetsa kuti ndisadziŵe zambiri, chifukwa kwa ine kukula kuli ngati kukhala dokotala.Mukangosiya, sizili bwino kwa ine kapena kampani chifukwa tikufuna kuchita bwino. ”
Coronado akudzipereka kudzikonza yekha komanso anthu omwe amamuzungulira.Iyi ndi njira yoti abwererenso kumakampani.Pamene ntchito yake ikukula, makampaniwa adalandiridwa ndi manja awiri ndikuthandizidwa ndi iye.
"Ndili wokondwa kwambiri kukhala ndi mwayi wobwera ku United States," adatero Coronado, yemwe amabwerera ku Guatemala chaka chilichonse.“Pamene ndinafika ku United States koyamba, moyo wanga unali wovuta kwambiri, koma wakhala dalitso langa nthaŵi zonse.Ndikukhulupirira kuti ngati pali mwayi, ndiyenera kuyesa.Nthawi zina mwayi umangobwera kamodzi kokha, ngati sindigwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu udzataya mwayi.”