Kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa kwambiri amene amphaka ndi agalu amagwiritsa ntchito popha utitiri akuwononga mitsinje ya ku England.Asayansi amati zomwe anapezazo “zikugwirizana kwambiri” ndi tizilombo ta m’madzi ndi nsomba ndi mbalame zimene zimadalira, ndipo akuyembekezera kuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti mu 99% ya zitsanzo zochokera ku mitsinje 20, zomwe zili mu fipronil zinali zambiri, ndipo pafupifupi zomwe zili mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo oopsa kwambiri zinali 38 kuchulukitsa chitetezo.Fenoxtone yomwe imapezeka mumtsinje ndi mitsempha ina yotchedwa imidacloprid yaletsedwa m'mafamu kwa zaka zambiri.
Ku UK kuli agalu pafupifupi 10 miliyoni ndi amphaka 11 miliyoni, ndipo akuti 80% ya anthu adzalandira chithandizo cha utitiri (kaya chikufunika kapena ayi).Ofufuzawo adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhungu chithandizo cha utitiri sikovomerezeka, ndipo malamulo atsopano amafunikira.Pakadali pano, chithandizo cha utitiri chimavomerezedwa popanda kuwunika kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Rosemary Perkins wa pa yunivesite ya Sussex, yemwe ankayang’anira kafukufukuyu, anati: “Fipronil ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi utitiri.Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti akhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala tizilombo zambiri kuposa fipronil palokha.Zowonjezera poizoni. ”"Zotsatira zathu ndizodetsa nkhawa kwambiri."
Dave Goulson, membala wa gulu lofufuza pa yunivesite ya Sussex, anati: “Sindingakhulupirire kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ofala chonchi.Mitsinje yathu nthawi zambiri imaipitsidwa ndi mankhwala awiriwa kwa nthawi yayitali..
Iye anati: “Vuto n’lakuti mankhwala amenewa ndi othandiza kwambiri,” ngakhale atakhala ochepa kwambiri."Tikukhulupirira kuti akhudza kwambiri moyo wa tizilombo mumtsinje."Iye adanena kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito imidacloprid pochiza utitiri mu agalu apakati ndi okwanira kupha njuchi 60 miliyoni.
Lipoti loyamba lapamwamba la neonicotinoids (monga imidacloprid) mu mitsinje linapangidwa ndi gulu loteteza Buglife mu 2017, ngakhale kuti phunziroli silinaphatikizepo fipronil.Tizilombo ta m'madzi timagwidwa ndi neonicotinoids.Kafukufuku wa ku Netherlands wasonyeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa madzi kwa nthawi yaitali kwachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha tizilombo ndi mbalame chichepe kwambiri.Chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwina kochokera m'mafamu ndi zimbudzi, tizilombo ta m'madzi tikuchepanso, ndipo 14% yokha ya mitsinje yaku Britain ili ndi thanzi labwino pazachilengedwe.
Kafukufuku watsopano, wofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Comprehensive Environmental Science, akuphatikiza pafupifupi kusanthula kwa 4,000 kwa zitsanzo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi Environment Agency mu mitsinje 20 yaku Britain pakati pa 2016-18.Izi zikuchokera ku Mayeso a Mtsinje ku Hampshire kupita ku Mtsinje wa Edeni ku Cumbria.
Fipronil anapezeka mu 99% ya zitsanzo, ndipo mankhwala owopsa kwambiri Fipronil sulfone anapezeka mu 97% ya zitsanzo.Wapakati ndende ndi 5 nthawi ndi 38 apamwamba kuposa ake aakulu kawopsedwe malire, motero.Palibe zoletsa zovomerezeka pamankhwalawa ku UK, kotero asayansi adagwiritsa ntchito lipoti loyesa la 2017 lopangidwa ku California Water Quality Control Board.Imidacloprid inapezeka mu 66% ya zitsanzo, ndipo malire a poizoni adadutsa mu 7 mwa mitsinje 20.
Fipronil idaletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafamu mu 2017, koma idagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kale.Imidacloprid idaletsedwa mu 2018 ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.Ofufuza anapeza mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochuluka kwambiri m’munsi mwa malo oyeretsera madzi, kusonyeza kuti madera akumidzi ndiwo gwero lalikulu, osati minda.
Monga tonse tikudziwira, kutsuka ziweto kumatha kutulutsa fipronil mu ngalande kenako kulowa mumtsinje, ndipo agalu osambira mumtsinje amapereka njira ina yoipitsa.Gulson anati: “Amenewa ayenera kukhala mankhwala a utitiri amene anayambitsa kuipitsa."Zowonadi, palibenso gwero lina lomwe mungaliganizire."
Ku UK, pali mankhwala ovomerezeka a 66 omwe ali ndi zilolezo zokhala ndi fipronil ndi 21 zanyama zomwe zimakhala ndi imidacloprid, zambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa popanda kulembedwa.Mosasamala kanthu kuti chithandizo cha utitiri chikufunika, ziweto zambiri zimathandizidwa mwezi uliwonse.
Asayansi akuti izi ziyenera kuganiziridwanso, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira pamene utitiri ndi wachilendo.Iwo adanenanso kuti malamulo atsopano akuyenera kuganiziridwanso, monga kufunikira kwa mankhwala komanso kuyesa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe asanavomerezedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
"Mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtundu uliwonse pamlingo waukulu, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zotsatira zosayembekezereka," adatero Gulson.Mwachionekere, chinachake chinalakwika.Palibe ndondomeko yoyendetsera ngoziyi, ndipo iyenera kuchitidwa.”
Matt Shardlow wa Buglife adati: "Zaka zitatu zadutsa kuyambira pomwe tidagogomezera kuvulaza kwa utitiri ku nyama zakuthengo, ndipo palibe njira zowongolera zomwe zachitidwa.Kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kochulukirapo kwa fipronil m'madzi onse ndikodabwitsa, ndipo boma liyenera kuletsa mwachangu.Gwiritsani ntchito fipronil ndi imidacloprid ngati mankhwala a utitiri.Anati matani angapo a mankhwala ophera tizilombowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ziweto chaka chilichonse.