University of Pennsylvania Park-Gulu la ofufuza lapadziko lonse lapansi linanena kuti zikumbu zazikazi za ku Asia zomwe zimakhala ndi nyanga zazitali zimayika ma pheromone pamwamba pa mtengo kuti zikope amuna kumalo awo.Kupeza kumeneku kungapangitse kuti pakhale chida chothandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo towononga izi, zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi mitundu 25 yamitengo ku United States.
Kelly Hoover, profesala wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa yunivesite ya Penn State, anati: “Chifukwa cha tizilombo ta nyanga zazitali za ku Asia, mitengo yamitengo yolimba masauzande yadulidwa ku New York, Ohio, ndi Massachusetts, ndipo yambiri mwa iyo ndi mapulo.”"Tidazindikira izi.Pheromone yopangidwa ndi akazi amtunduwu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo.
Ofufuzawo adadzipatula ndikuzindikira mankhwala anayi kuchokera kumaso a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda amtundu wa Asia (Anoplophora glabripennis), omwe sanapezeke m'magulu aamuna.Iwo adapeza kuti njira ya pheromone ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu-2-methyldocosane ndi (Z) -9-triecosene-ndi zigawo ziwiri zazing'ono-(Z) -9-pentatriene ndi (Z) -7-pentatriene.Gulu lofufuzalo linapezanso kuti chitsanzo chilichonse cha phazi chili ndi zigawo zinayi zonse za mankhwalawa, ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana malinga ndi momwe mkazi ndi namwali kapena wokwatiwa komanso zaka za mkazi.
Tidapeza kuti akazi akale sangayambe kutulutsa kuchuluka kokwanira kwa pheromone osakaniza - ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero choyenera cha mankhwala anayi kwa wina ndi mzake-mpaka atakwanitsa masiku 20, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe ali ndi chonde, "Hoover. anati: “Yaikazi ikatuluka mumtengo wa Phyllostachys, zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri kuti idye nthambi ndi masamba isanaikire mazira.
Ochita kafukufuku apeza kuti zazikazi zikapanga mlingo woyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa pheromone ndi kuziika pamwamba zomwe zimayenda, kusonyeza kuti ndi zachonde, amuna amadzabwera.
Hoover anati: “Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti ngakhale kuti pheromone imakopa amuna, imathamangitsa anamwali.”"Iyi ikhoza kukhala njira yothandizira amayi kupewa kupikisana ndi anzawo."
Kuonjezera apo, ochita kafukufukuwo adaphunzira kuti akazi okhwima pogonana adzapitiriza kupanga pheromone ya mchira pambuyo pa kugonana, zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndizopindulitsa kwa amuna ndi akazi.Malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi, akazi akamapitiriza kupanga ma pheromones akamakwerana, amatha kukopanso yaimuna yomweyi kuti ibwerenso, kapenanso kukopa amuna ena kuti akwatire.
Melody Keener, katswiri wochita kafukufuku wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku Northern Research Station of the Forest Service ku United States Department of Agriculture, anati: “Akazi amapindula akamakwatiwa kangapo, ndipo angapindulenso akamakwatiwa ndi mwamuna kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa makhalidwe amenewa. wonjezani.Kuthekera kwa mazira ake kukhala ndi chonde.”
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mwamuna amapindula mwa kuonetsetsa kuti umuna wake wokha ndi umene ukugwiritsiridwa ntchito kulumikiza dzira la mkazi, kotero kuti majini ake okha ndi amene amapatsira mbadwo wotsatira.
Hoover anati: “Tsopano, tili ndi chidziŵitso chowonjezereka chokhudza mikhalidwe yovuta, komanso zizindikiro za mankhwala ndi zooneka ndi zizindikiro zimene zimathandiza okwatirana kupeza ndi kuthandiza amuna kupezanso zazikazi pamtengo kuti zitetezeke kwa ena.Kugwiriridwa ndi amuna."
Zhang Aijun, katswiri wofufuza zamankhwala ku US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Invasive Insect Biological Control and Behavior Laboratory, adati zigawo zinayi zonse za pheromone zidapangidwa ndikuwunikidwa mu labotale bioassays pa zomwe amachita.Synthetic trace pheromone ingakhale yothandiza polimbana ndi kafadala m'munda.Zhang analekanitsa, kuzindikira ndi kupanga pheromone.
Hoover anati: “Mtundu wa pheromone wopangidwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi bowa woyambitsa tizilombo, ndipo Ann Hajek akuuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Cornell.”“Bowayu akhoza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.Pamitengo, kafadala akamayenda pamitengoyo, amayamwa ndi kupha bowa.Tikamagwiritsa ntchito ma pheromones omwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timagwiritsa ntchito pokopa amuna, tikhoza kukopa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Mankhwala opha bowa m'malo mwa Akazi omwe amalemera."
Gululi likukonzekera kuti lipitirize kuphunzira poyesa kudziwa komwe estrogen imapangidwira m'thupi la munthu, momwe mwamuna angazindikire pheromone, nthawi yayitali bwanji pheromone imatha kuzindikirika pamtengo, komanso ngati zingatheke kugwirizanitsa makhalidwe ena mu njira zina.The pheromone.Mankhwala awa.
Dipatimenti ya United States of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forest Service;Alphawood Foundation;Horticultural Research Institute inathandizira kafukufukuyu.
Olemba ena a pepalali ndi Maya Nehme waku Lebanon University;Peter Meng, wophunzira womaliza maphunziro a entomology pa Pennsylvania State University;ndi Wang Shifa waku Nanjing Forestry University.
Kachikumbu kakang'ono ka ku Asia kamachokera ku Asia ndipo ndi amene amachititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mithunzi yamtengo wapatali komanso mitundu yamitengo yamitengo.M'mitundu yomwe idayambitsidwa ku United States, imakonda mapulo.
Zikumbu zachikazi za ku Asia zimatha kupindula ndi kukweretsa kangapo kapena kukwera ndi mwamuna kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa makhalidwe amenewa amawonjezera mwayi wa mazira awo kukhala ndi chonde.