Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zowongolera kukula kwa zomera (PGR) popanga chitumbuwa chokoma.Malebulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalonda amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi malonda, dziko ndi dziko, komanso dziko/chigawo, ndipo malingaliro amapaketi amathanso kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi msika womwe mukufuna.Choncho, alimi a zitumbuwa ayenera kudziwa kupezeka, kuvomerezeka ndi kuyenerera kwa ntchito iliyonse yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wawo.
Ku WSU Cherry School of Washington State University mu 2019, Byron Phillips waku Wilbur-Ellis adachita maphunziro okhudza chibadwa cha zomera.Chifukwa chake ndi chophweka.Munjira zambiri, zowongolera zamphamvu zakukula kwa mbewu ndi zotchetcha udzu, zodulira ndi unyolo.
Zowonadi, ntchito yanga yambiri yofufuza za chitumbuwa yakhala ikuyang'ana kudulira ndi kuphunzitsa, yomwe ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yosinthira mawonekedwe a korona ndi chiŵerengero cha zipatso kuti akwaniritse ndikusunga mtengo womwe ukufunidwa komanso mtundu wa zipatso.Komabe, ndine wokondwa kugwiritsa ntchito PGR ngati chida china chosinthira bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoyang'anira minda ya zipatso.
Imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa PGR pakusamalira zipatso za chitumbuwa chokoma ndikuti kuyankhidwa kwa mbewu pakugwiritsa ntchito (kuyamwa / kuyamwa) komanso pambuyo pakugwiritsa ntchito (ntchito ya PGR) kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu, kukula ndi nyengo.Choncho, phukusi la malingaliro silodalirika-monga mbali zambiri za kukula kwa zipatso, mayesero ena ang'onoang'ono oyesera pa famu angafunike kuti adziwe njira yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera chipika chimodzi cha zipatso.
Zida zazikulu za PGR kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za denga ndikuwongolera kukonza denga ndi olimbikitsa kukula monga gibberellin (GA4 + 7) ndi cytokinin (6-benzyl adenine kapena 6-BA), komanso ma Agents oletsa kukula, monga calcium hexadione yoyambirira. (P-Ca)) ndi paclobutrazol (PP333).
Kupatula paclobutrazol, kupanga malonda a mankhwala aliwonse ali ndi chizindikiro cha Cherry ku United States, monga Promaline ndi Perlan (6-BA kuphatikiza GA4 + 7), MaxCel (6-BA) ndi Apogee ndi Kudos (P-Ca) )., Imadziwikanso kuti Regalis m'maiko ena / zigawo.Ngakhale paclobutrazol (Cultra) angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mayiko ena kupanga chitumbuwa (monga China, Spain, New Zealand ndi Australia), amangolembetsedwa ku United States kwa turf (Trimmit) ndi greenhouses (monga Bonzi, Shrink, Paczol). ) Ndipo Piccolo) makampani.
Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi olimbikitsa kukula ndikulimbikitsa nthambi zamitengo yaing'ono pakukula kwa denga.Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zotsogola kapena zopindika mu utoto pa masamba, kapena masamba amunthu;komabe, ngati nyengo yozizira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsatira zake zingakhale zochepa.
Kapenanso, pamene masamba aatali abwino awoneka ndikukula, kupopera kwa foliar kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kalozera kapena mbali ya stent, kapena kenaka kutsogoleredwa ku kalozera wowonjezera pomwe nthambi za mbali za syllable ziyenera kupangidwa.Ubwino winanso wopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikuti nthawi zambiri imasunga kutentha kwambiri nthawi imodzi kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yakukula bwino.
Prohexadione-Ca imalepheretsa nthambi ndi kutalika kwa mphukira.Kutengera mphamvu ya mmera, pangafunike kubwereza kangapo panyengo yakukula kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna kuletsa kukula.Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kumatha kupangidwa 1 mpaka 3 mainchesi kuchokera pakuwonjezedwa koyambirira, kenako kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pachizindikiro choyamba cha kukula kwatsopano.
Choncho, zingakhale zotheka kulola kuti kukula kwatsopano kufikire mlingo wofunikira, ndiyeno kugwiritsa ntchito P-Ca kuti asiye kukula, kuchepetsa kufunika kodulira m'chilimwe, komanso kusakhudza kukula kwa nyengo yotsatira.Paclobutrazol ndi inhibitor yamphamvu ndipo ingalepheretsenso kukula kwake m'zaka zingapo zotsatira, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitengo ya zipatso ku United States.Nthambi yomwe imaletsa P-Ca ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri pakupanga ndi kukonza machitidwe ophunzitsira.Mwachitsanzo, UFO ndi KGB, amayang'ana kwambiri mtsogoleri woyimirira, wopanda nthambi wamtundu wokhwima wa denga.
Zida zazikulu za PGR zopititsa patsogolo ubwino wa zipatso za chitumbuwa (makamaka kukula kwa zipatso) zikuphatikizapo gibberellin GA3 (monga ProGibb, Falgro) ndi GA4 (Novagib), alachlor (CPPU, Splendor) ndi brassinosteroids (homobrassinoids).Ester, HBR).Malinga ndi malipoti, kugwiritsa ntchito GA4 kuchokera kumagulu ophatikizika mpaka kugwa kwa petal, komanso kuchokera ku maluwa mpaka kusenda ndi kugawa (kuyambira pamtundu wa udzu, womwe umadziwika kuti umachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa kusweka pang'ono), CPPU imawonjezera kukula kwa chipatso.
GA3 yamtundu wa udzu ndi HBR, mosasamala kanthu kuti agwiritsidwa ntchito kachiwiri (kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu wolemera ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito), angapangitse kukula, kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kulimba kwa zokolola;HBR imakonda kukhwima msanga komanso nthawi imodzi, pomwe GA3 imakonda kuchedwa ndikukhwima nthawi imodzi.Kugwiritsa ntchito GA3 kumatha kuchepetsa kufiira pamatcheri achikasu (monga "Rainier").
Kugwiritsa ntchito GA3 2 mpaka masabata 4 mutatha maluwa kungachepetse mapangidwe a maluwa m'chaka chotsatira, potero kusintha chiŵerengero cha dera la masamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu pa kukula kwa mbewu, kukhazikika kwa zipatso ndi khalidwe la zipatso.Potsirizira pake, ntchito ina yoyesera yapeza kugwiritsa ntchito BA-6, GA4 + 7 pakuwonekera / kukula kwa masamba, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosakanikirana kwa awiriwa kungapangitse kukula ndi kukula komaliza kwa nthambi ndi masamba, potero kuonjezera chiŵerengero cha tsamba ku zipatso ndipo Amaganiza kuti ali ndi phindu pa khalidwe la zipatso.
Zida zazikulu za PGR zomwe zingakhudze zokolola za m'munda wa zipatso zimaphatikizapo ethylene: kupanga ethylene kuchokera ku ethephon (monga ethephon, Motivate) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, monga ReTain) kuti aletse ethylene yopangidwa ndi zomera zachilengedwe.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ethephon mu kugwa (koyambirira kwa September) kwasonyeza chiyembekezo china, chomwe chingathe kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa kutentha ndikuyimitsa maluwa otsatila a kasupe ndi masiku atatu kapena asanu, omwe angachepetse kuwonongeka kwa chisanu.Kuchedwetsedwa kwa maluwa kungathandizenso kugwirizanitsa nthawi yamaluwa yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, apo ayi sizingafanane bwino, potero zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ethephon musanayambe kukolola kungalimbikitse kucha, kukongoletsa ndi kukhetsa, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola mawotchi pokonza yamatcheri, chifukwa akhoza kulimbikitsanso kufewetsa zipatso zamsika zatsopano.Kugwiritsa ntchito ethephon kungayambitse mpweya woipa ku madigiri osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kutentha kapena kupanikizika kwa mitengo panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.Ngakhale sizosangalatsa komanso zimawononga mtengo wamtengowo, mpweya woyipa wopangidwa ndi ethylene nthawi zambiri sukhala ndi vuto la nthawi yayitali pamtengo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito AVG panthawi yamaluwa kwakula kuti awonjezere kuthekera kwa ovule kuvomera ubwamuna wa mungu, potero kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa zipatso, makamaka m'mitundu yotsika (monga "Regina", "Teton" ndi "Benton") .Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kumayambiriro kwa kuphuka (10% mpaka 20% ya kufalikira) ndi 50% ya kuphuka.
Greg wakhala katswiri wathu wa chitumbuwa kuyambira 2014. Akuchita nawo kafukufuku kuti apange ndi kuphatikizira chidziwitso cha mizu yatsopano, mitundu, chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha physiology, ndi matekinoloje a mitengo ya zipatso, ndikuphatikizana ndi machitidwe opangira bwino, ogwira ntchito.Onani nkhani zonse za olemba apa.