Kuletsa mankhwala atsopano, kukulitsa kukana kwa tizilombo komanso kubwezeretsa kupsinjika kwa mbozi za chimanga ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa 2020 kukhala chaka chovuta kwambiri pakuwongolera tizilombo, ndipo izi zikuyenera kupitiliza kukhalapo mu 2021.
Pamene alimi ndi ogulitsa akulimbana ndi zovutazi, Sam Knott, woyang'anira mbewu wa Atticus LLC wapakati pa US, akuwona kuti salabadira mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso achiwiri, pomwe njira yomwe akukonzekera ndi More.
Knott adati: "Pamene mawonekedwe ndi mankhwala angaphatikizidwe kuti apatse alimi mapulani ochulukirapo oletsa zipolopolo mu 2021," adawonjezeranso kuti wawona kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Pewani tizirombo tachiwiri monga nematodes ndi kupukuta.
Nessler adapezanso kuti chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kufunikira kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kuphatikiza pyrethroids, bifenthrin ndi imidacloprid) kukuchulukirachulukira.
"Ndikuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa maphunziro a olima sikunachitikepo.Alimi ambiri omwe akupita patsogolo amamvetsetsa bwino zomwe AI amapangira kapena kuphatikiza bwino kuposa kale.Iwo akufunafuna zinthu zabwino kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe mitengo yawo imatha kukhutitsidwa bwino.Zosowa zawo, ndipo apa ndipamene mankhwala opangidwa ndi generic amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo komanso zosowa za ogulitsa kuti asiyanitse komanso kupereka zinthu zabwino.
Pamene alimi amayang'ana mosamala zomwe amalima, Nick Fassler, woyang'anira dipatimenti yotsatsa zaukadaulo ya BASF, adalimbikitsa kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa tizirombo kuti awone ngati chuma chakwaniritsidwa.Mwachitsanzo, pa nsabwe za m'masamba, pali nsabwe za m'masamba 250 pa mmera uliwonse, ndipo zoposa 80% ya zomera zimakhala ndi matenda.
Anati: "Mukafufuza pafupipafupi ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu kukhazikika, kusunga, kapena kutsika, simungathe kuyankha mlanduwo.""Komabe, ngati (mukufika pachimake pazachuma) mukuganiza zotayika zomwe zingawonongeke.Masiku ano, tilibe malingaliro ambiri "opita kunja", koma tikuwunika njira zotetezera ndalama zomwe zingatheke.Maulendo owonjezera ofufuza amenewo angabweretsedi madalitso.”
Mwa mankhwala atsopano ophera tizilombo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2021, Renestra ya BASF ndi Fastac, premix ya pyrethroids, ndipo chopangira chake chatsopano cha Sefina Inscalis ndi othandiza polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.Fassler adati kuphatikizaku kumapatsa alimi yankho lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri komanso nsabwe za soya zomwe zimalimbana ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe.Izi zimapangidwira olima ku Midwest, komwe kumafunika kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kafadala aku Japan ndi tizirombo tina totafuna.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, kuchepa kwa makhalidwe, makamaka kwa alimi a chimanga, kwawonjezeka, makamaka chifukwa cha maganizo akuti rootworms amachepetsa ngati chiwopsezo.Koma kukwera kwamphamvu kwa mizukwa ya chimanga mu 2020 kungapangitse alimi ndi ogulitsa kuti alingalirenso mapulani awo a chaka chamawa.
"Kwa alimi, izi ndi zopweteka kawiri.Amasintha kuchoka pa piramidi kupita ku njira imodzi yochitira zinthu, ndiyeno kupanikizika kwakukulu kumeneku kumakwera (kuyambitsa zotayika zambiri).Ndikuganiza kuti 2020 igwa chifukwa anthu ali Kudziwitsa za kusunga chimanga, kudulira, kutayika kwa zokolola ndi zovuta zokolola zidzawonjezeka kwambiri, "Meade McDonald, wamkulu wa North America wotsatsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Syngenta, adauza magazini ya CropLife®.
Pazinthu zinayi zamalonda zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi nyongolotsi za chimanga masiku ano, zonse zinayi ndizosamva kumunda.Jim Lappin, mkulu wa SIMPAS's portfolio and alliance AMVAC, adanena kuti pafupifupi 70% ya chimanga chobzalidwa chimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi chokha chapansi, zomwe zikuwonjezera kukakamiza pa khalidweli.
Lappin anati: “Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse azilephera, koma zimatanthauza kuti anthu amangokhalira kulabadira zomwe amachita kale.”
BASF's Fassler ikulimbikitsa alimi kuti asamale akamaganizira zochepetsera mitengo, chifukwa mizu ikayamba kuwonongeka, ndizosatheka kuchikonza mkati mwa mbewu.
"Kulankhula ndi akatswiri azaulimi komanso ogwirizana nawo mbewu ikhala njira yabwino kwambiri yomvetsetsa zovuta za tizilombo zomwe zilipo komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakhalapo pakusinthana kwa chimanga ndi soya kutsimikizira komwe muyenera kuyika zomwe mukuyenera kuchita komanso komwe mungagulitseko zatsika," adatero Fassler. .“Kubisa chimanga si chinthu chosangalatsa, sizinthu zomwe timafuna kuti wina azikumana nazo.Musanapange chisankho ichi (kuti muchepetse mtengo), chonde onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa kale zamalondawo. "
Dr. Nick Seiter, katswiri wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa yunivesite ya Illinois, ananena kuti: “Kwa minda ya chimanga imene imawononga kwambiri nyongolotsi za chimanga mu 2020, njira yabwino ndiyo kuzisintha kukhala soya mu 2021.”Sichidzathetsa kutuluka m'munda.Zikumbu zomwe zimatha kupirira - makamaka m'madera omwe kusinthasintha kumakhala vuto - mphutsi zomwe zimaswa m'minda ya soya masika zidzafa."Malinga ndi kasamalidwe ka kukana, choyipa kwambiri ndichakuti mutawona kuwonongeka kwamunda mwangozi chaka chathachi, kubzala chimanga mosalekeza ndi mawonekedwe omwewo."
Seiter adalongosola kuti kuyeza kuwonongeka kwa mizukwa m'munda ndikofunikira kuti awone ngati anthu okhalamo atha kukhala osagwirizana ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa ma Bt.Kufotokozera, kalasi ya 0.5 (theka la node imadulidwa) imatengedwa kuti ili ndi kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka kwa chomera cha chimanga cha pyramidal Bt, chomwe chingakhale umboni wotsutsa.Anawonjezeranso, kumbukirani kuganizira zogona zosakanikirana.
Woyang'anira zaukadaulo wa FMC Corp. Gail Stratman adati kuwongolera kukula kwa mphutsi za chimanga motsutsana ndi zomwe Bt akuchitira kumapangitsa alimi kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikuganizira njira zosiyanasiyana.
"Sindingathe kudalira makhalidwe a Bt kuti ndikwaniritse zosowa zanga;Ndiyenera kuganizira zamphamvu zonse za tizilombo zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anira," adatero Stratman, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza pulogalamu yopopera kuti agwetse kachilomboka wamkulu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mbewu.Iye anati: “Njira imeneyi tsopano ikukambidwa kwambiri.”"Kuchokera kumapiri a Kansas ndi Nebraska kupita ku Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota ndi kupitirira apo, takhala tikuwona vuto la mphutsi za chimanga."
Ethos XB (AI: Bifenthrin + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747) kuchokera ku FMC ndi Capture LFR (AI: Bifenthrin) ndi mankhwala awiri a mankhwala ake ophera tizilombo.Stratman anatchula mankhwala ake ophera tizilombo a Steward EC ngati mankhwala omwe angotuluka kumene chifukwa ndi othandiza polimbana ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ta chimanga komanso tizirombo tambiri ta lepidopteran, pomwe sakhudzanso tizilombo tothandiza.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo atsopano oyambitsidwa ndi FMC akuphatikizapo Vantacor, mankhwala opangidwa kwambiri a Rynaxypyr.Zina ndi Elevest, zomwe zimathandizidwanso ndi Rynaxypyr, koma ndi gawo lonse la bifenthrin lomwe lawonjezeredwa ku formula.Elevest imapangitsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo topitilira 40, kuphatikizapo nsikidzi ndi tizilombo ta zomera zomwe zimasakaza mbewu zakumwera.
Kupindula kwa alimi kumatsimikizira momwe mbewu zimakhalira pachaka m'madera ambiri.Strahman adati chifukwa mitengo ya chimanga ikukwera posachedwapa, alimi awona kuwonjezeka kwa tizilombo tomwe timakonda chimanga, pamene kubzala chimanga kumangokulirakulirabe."Izi zitha kukhala chidziwitso chofunikira kuti mupite patsogolo mu 2021. Kumbukirani zomwe mudawona m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, tcherani khutu ku momwe mayendedwe amakhudzira famu ndikupanga zisankho zofananira nazo."
Kwa katswiri wa zaulimi wa WinField United Andrew Schmidt, mbozi zodula komanso tizilombo ta silika monga kafambule ndi mbozi za chimanga zimawopseza kwambiri madera ake a Missouri ndi kum'mawa kwa Kansas.Missouri ili ndi minda ya chimanga yochepa, kotero kuti mavuto a rootworm safalikira.M'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, zodyetsa nyemba (makamaka nsikidzi) zakhala zovuta kwambiri pa soya, kotero gulu lake lakhala likugogomezera kuyang'ana pazigawo zazikulu zakukula ndi kudzaza poto.
Tundra Supreme amachokera ku WinField United ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe Schmidt amalimbikitsa.Mankhwalawa ali ndi machitidwe awiri (AI: bifenthrin + poisoning rif), ndipo amatha kuletsa ndikuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a ku Japan, nsikidzi, kachilomboka ka nyemba, Kangaude wofiira ndi tizilombo tambirimbiri ta chimanga ndi soya.
Schmidt adatsindikanso zowonjezera zamakampani a MasterLock ngati ogwirizana nawo pazosakaniza za migolo kuti akwaniritse kuphimba bwino kwa kupopera ndi kuyika.
“Zizilombo zambiri zomwe tikupoperazi ndi soya wa R3 mpaka R4 padenga lowundana.MasterLock yokhala ndi ma surfactants ndi zothandizira pakuyika zitha kutithandiza kubweretsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo padenga.Ziribe kanthu kuti timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otani, Tonse timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi kuti tithandizire kuwongolera tizilombo komanso kubweza bwino pazachuma. ”
Kafukufuku wochuluka wa ogulitsa zaulimi omwe adachitidwa ndi AMVAC mu September adawonetsa kuti kukakamiza kwa mizu ya chimanga pambewu yonse ya chimanga ku Midwest ndi Northwest Midwest kudzawonjezeka ndi 2020, kusonyeza kuti dothi la chimanga lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2021. Kuchotsa tizilombo.
Wogulitsa zaulimi adachita kafukufuku pamafunso pa intaneti ndi patelefoni ndikuyerekeza kuthamanga kwa rootworm mu 2020 ndi kupsinjika mu 2012. Kuyambira pamenepo, kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2015, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwakula ndi nyengo zitatu.
Kuthawa kwa namsongole mu nyengo ya 2020 kuchulukirachulukira, kupatsa zakudya zambiri komanso malo okhala malo oberekera.
Lappin anati: “Kuletsa udzu kwa chaka chino kudzakhudzanso mphamvu ya tizilombo chaka chamawa.”Kuphatikizidwa ndi mitengo ya chimanga yapamwamba ndi zinthu zina, zimayembekezeredwa kuti nyengo yozizira idzawonjezera kupulumuka kwa mazira ndikuwonjezera kukana makhalidwe a Bt, zomwe zikuwonetseratu Zomwe Zingatheke kuti mugwiritse ntchito kwambiri mankhwala a chimanga nyengo ino.
“Avareji ya kachikumbu kakang'ono kachikazi pa chomera chilichonse.Pongoganiza kuti pali zomera 32,000 pa ekala imodzi, ngakhale 5% yokha ya kafadalawa amaikira mazira ndipo mazirawa akhoza kukhala ndi moyo, mukunenabe za masauzande pa ekala imodzi.”Lappin anatero.
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo a chimanga a AMVAC akuphatikizapo Aztec, mtundu wake wotsogola wa chimanga ndi Index, njira zake zamadzimadzi za rootworm pellet, komanso Force 10G, Counter 20G ndi SmartChoice HC - zonsezi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi SmartBox+ Gwiritsani ntchito ndi SmartCartridges.Makina otsekedwa a SIMPAS adzakwezedwa pamsika wa chimanga mu 2021.
Woyang’anira msika wa chimanga wa AMVAC, soya ndi beet Nathaniel Quinn (Nathaniel Quinn) anati: “Alimi ambiri amaona kuti akufuna kuonjezera kuwongolera zimene amaona kuti ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri.”Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'njira zosiyanasiyana kungakhale kopindulitsa, ndipo AMVAC imapereka njira izi.Poganizira ntchito zokhazikika, SIMPAS imathandizira alimi kupereka mitundu yabwino, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zinthu zina kuti Kufikitsa zokolola kumapereka mulingo wowongolera wofunikira."Ananenanso kuti: “Pali ntchito yochuluka yoti ichitike, koma ukadaulo womwe tikupanga ukupititsa patsogolo izi.
Jackie Pucci ndi wothandizira wamkulu wa CropLife, PrecisionAg Professional ndi AgriBusiness Global magazine.Onani nkhani zonse za olemba apa.