Nkhaka ndi awambamasamba otchuka.In njira yobzala nkhaka, matenda osiyanasiyana adzawonekera, zomwe zidzakhudza nkhaka zipatso, zimayambira, masamba, ndi mbande.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kupanga nkhaka, m'pofunika kupanga nkhaka bwino.WChipewa ndi matenda a nkhaka ndi njira zawo zowongolera?Tiyeni tione limodzi!

1. Nkhaka downy mildew

Pansi pa mbande ndi siteji ya mbeu zazikulu zitha kukhudzidwa, makamaka kuwononga masamba.

Zizindikiro: Masamba akawonongeka, mawanga oviikidwa ndi madzi amawonekera pachiyambi, ndipo mawangawo amakula pang'onopang'ono, kusonyeza mawanga a polygonal.Chinyezi chikakhala chambiri, nkhungu yotuwa ndi yakuda imamera kumbuyo kapena pamwamba pa masamba.Zikafika mochedwa kwambiri, zotupazo zimang'ambika kapena zimalumikizana.

Kuwongolera mankhwala:

Propamocarb hydrochloride , Mancozeb+Dimethomorph,Azoxystrobin, Metalaxyl-M+Propamocarb hydrochloride

2.Mkhakawoyerapowdery mildew

Ikhoza kutenga kachilomboka kuyambira pa mbande mpaka nthawi yokolola, ndipo masamba ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndi petioles ndi zimayambira, ndipo zipatso sizikhudzidwa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro: Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, timadontho ta ufa toyera pafupifupi tozungulira timaoneka mbali zonse za masamba, ndipo pamakhala masamba ambiri.Pambuyo pake, imafalikira m'mphepete mwachisawawa komanso ufa woyera wosalekeza.Zikavuta kwambiri, tsamba lonse limakutidwa ndi ufa woyera, ndipo kenako limasanduka imvi.Matenda masamba ndi lofota ndi chikasu, koma zambiri musati kugwa.Zizindikiro pa petioles ndi zimayambira ndizofanana ndi zomwe zili pamasamba.

Kuwongolera mankhwala:

Pyraclostrobin, Chlorothalonil, Thiophanatemethyl, Propineb

 

3.Mkhakawofiirapowdery mildew

Zizindikiro: Kuwononga kwambiri masamba a nkhaka kumapeto kwa kukula.Masamba amatuluka zobiriwira zobiriwira mpaka zofiirira.Chinyezi chikakhala chambiri, zotupazo zimakhala zopyapyala, m’mbali mwake zimanyowa ndi madzi, ndipo sizivuta kusweka.Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndikosavuta kuti nkhungu yopepuka yalalanje ikule pazitupa, zomwe zimakula mwachangu ndikupangitsa masambawo kuvunda kapena kuuma.

Poyamba maderawo amakhala oyera kenako amasanduka pinki.

Zoteteza:

Iprodione, Azoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil

4.Nkhaka choipitsa

Nkhaka mpesa choipitsa makamaka kuwononga zimayambira ndi masamba.

Matenda a masamba: Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi, pamakhala zilonda zozungulira kapena zosaoneka bwino, zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe a "V" kuchokera m'mphepete mwa tsamba mkati.Pambuyo pake, zilondazo zimasweka mosavuta, chitsanzo cha mphete sichikuwonekera, ndipo madontho akuda amakula pa iwo.

Matenda a tsinde ndi minyewa: makamaka m'munsi kapena m'munsi mwa tsinde, oval mpaka fusiform, zotupa zoviikidwa ndi mafuta zimawonekera, nthawi zina zimasefukira ndi odzola amber resin, matendawa akamakula, tsinde zimasanduka zakuda, zowola, zosavuta. kuswa.Zimayambitsa chikasu ndi necrosis ya masamba pamwamba pa mawanga a zotupa, mitolo yam'mitsempha ya zomera zomwe zili ndi matenda zimakhala zachilendo ndipo sizisintha mtundu, ndipo mizu yake ndi yabwino.

Zoteteza:

AzoxystrobinMankhwala "Difenoconazole".

 

5.Nkhaka anthracnose

Nkhaka zikhoza kuonongeka pa onse mmera siteji ndi wamkulu chomera siteji, makamaka masamba, komanso petioles, zimayambira, ndi vwende n'kupanga.

Makhalidwe a zochitika:

Matenda a mmera: Mphepete mwa cotyledon, zotupa za bulauni zimawonekera, zokhala ndi madontho akuda kapena zomata zofiira, ndipo tsinde la tsinde limasanduka bulauni ndikuchepera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbande za vwende zigwe.

Zochitika za zomera zazikulu: Masamba amawoneka achikasu, oviikidwa m'madzi, ndi zotupa zozungulira kumayambiriro, kenako amasanduka achikasu bulauni ndi ma halos achikasu.Zikauma, zotupazo zimang'amba ndi kuphulika;ikanyowa, zotupazo zimatulutsa zomata za pinki.Kuyambika kwa mavwende: Zilonda zobiriwira zoviikidwa m'madzi zimapangidwa, zomwe pambuyo pake zimasanduka zofiirira zozama pang'ono zozungulira kapena zozungulira.M'kupita kwa nthawi, zipatso zodwala zimakhala zopindika ndi zopindika, zong'ambika, ndipo zomata za pinki zimapangidwa zikanyowa.

Zoteteza:

Pyraclostrobin,metiram,Mancozeb,Propineb